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铜同位素地球化学研究及其在矿床学应用的评述和讨论 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
不同地质条件和成矿环境中的铜同位素组成有显著差异,表明利用含铜矿物的铜同位素组成可以作为成矿物质来源的示踪剂.并且,由于铜是主要成矿元素之一,所以铜同位素对于成矿物质来源和成矿过程的示踪更为直接.文章介绍和评述了铜同位素的测试、研究和应用的进展,认为当前对于铜同位素分馏知识的匮乏严重制约着铜同位素研究和应用.从同位素分馏的基本原理出发,提出了铜同位素分馏研究的思路以及可能的分馏规律,对于已发表的部分地质样品测试数据,给出了新的解释,并预测溶解于海水中的铜离子应亏损65Cu. 相似文献
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Re-Os同位素定年技术在富有机质沉积岩、低变质沉积岩、湖相沉积物、煤、油气藏样品等富碳质地质样品的尝试和成功应用,使其成为直接厘定地层沉积时代、重大地质事件发生时限和机制、古环境重建、油气藏直接定年、油气演化过程推演等研究的关键技术手段。然而,受到富碳质地质样品中极低的Re和Os丰度、采样方式以及地质作用等因素的影响,很多样品的Re-Os等时线年龄和初始Os同位素比值精度超过10%,不能有效地评价海水Os的真实来源和地质作用程度,影响了对不同沉积体系及油气演化过程中Re和Os的化学行为和Re-Os等时线年龄地质意义的理解。由此,本文从富碳质地质样品的Re-Os化学行为和地质应用进展出发,对富碳质地质样品Re-Os同位素分析过程中的采样和取样方式、溶样方法、分离富集方式和标准物质选择四方面进行了总结和完善。指出以沉积速率为采样间距参考,通过预处理方式提高样品的均匀性,使用流程空白更低、对同位素分馏影响更小的溶样方法和分离富集方式进行Re-Os同位素分析,以基质匹配的地质标样进行数据监控可进一步提高样品Re-Os同位素分析质量,有助于不同类型富碳质地质样品Re和Os赋存机制研究、Re-O... 相似文献
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讨论了同位素地质样品分析的质量监控与质量评估问题,提出在同位素地质样品分析中以准确度与精度度并重、标准物质监控与重复样监控相结合的质量监控方法。通过对大量标准样品定值数据与积累的测试数据的统计分析,提出了标准物质测定误差和标准偏差及重复样双份分析的双差允许限的确定方法,并采用准确度分数、精密度分数、空白分数和系统性偏倚分数对测试结果的质量进行定量评估的方法,这些方法适用于实验室内部的质量监控和评估 相似文献
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《华北地质》2019,(4)
多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(以下简称MC-ICP-MS)广泛应用于同位素的准确测定,为地质、环境、考古等科学研究提供了破解"指纹密码"的重要工具,为地质科学研究提供了获取实验数据的重要手段。由于仪器部件老化、日常维护保养不到位和重要技术人员流动等原因,如果仪器长时间"带病"工作,故障率会增高,甚至濒临瘫痪,就很难保证同位素测试数据的可靠性。因此,掌握MC-ICP-MS各个部件的工作原理和特性及维护要领,加强日常的仪器维护,维持仪器正常运转,对于保障测试结果的准确度与精密度势在必行。本文结合长期实践经验,以Neptune仪器为例,重点介绍了MC-ICP-MS主要部件工作原理及维护要领,并对一些常见故障做详细分析,提出解决方案,以供相关技术人员参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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由中国地质学会同位素地质专业委员会和中国矿物岩石地球化学学会同位素地球化学专业委员会主办,南京大学内生金属成矿机制研究国家重点实验室和国土资源部同位素地质重点实验室承办的第八届全国同位素地质年代学和同位素地球化学学术讨论会于2005年10月27~30日在南京大学召开。这次大会是自2001年第七届全国同位素地质年代学和同位素地球化学学术讨论会以来我国同位素地球化学工作者的又一次盛会,与会代表共320多名,他们分别来自中国科学院、国土资源部、国家海洋局、中国核工业集团公司及高等院校等有关单位。核工业北京地质研究院的5位代… 相似文献
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论铅同位素的地质指示作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Ma Zhendog 《地球科学》1986,(4)
在地球壳、慢物质交换过程中,铅同位素具有从均-趋向不均-或从非均-趋向新的均-的倾向,而使其具备作为指示剂的条件。研究时若将铅同位素的时空演化与成矿作用有机结合,则其指示作用更明显。本文以东秦岭和粤北韶关地区的多种地质体的铅同位素成分资料为基础,探讨了铅同位素在构造环境、物质来源及成矿作用等方面的指示作用。 相似文献
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陕西煤田地质局于1992年3月24日至25日,在陕西韩城主持召开了《同位素在渭北煤田岩溶水勘探中应用》科研报告评审会。 该项成果是陕西煤田地质局三类科研项目,由陕西省131煤田地质勘探队承担,中国科学地质研究所协作。历时3年,在约6500平方公里范围内,采样点68个,采集水样516个,获得测试数据2805个。于1991年10月提交了项目研究报告(送审稿)及附图一套17张、附表三类22张。由12名同行专家、教授等组成的评审委员会对该报告进行了认真的评审,通过的评审书一致认为:“研究报告内容丰富,有较高的理论水平和实用价值,在全国煤田地质系统同类成果中居占领先地位,在陕西省较大规模和系统地将环境同位素方法应用于煤田岩溶水研究,尚属首次。” 相似文献
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川东下三叠统飞仙关组-嘉陵江组界线附近的锶同位素组成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作为化学地层学的重要分支之一,锶同位素地层学已经逐步成为全球海平面变化、造山运动、古气候和古环境等全球事件研究和对比的有效工具,根据锶同位素地层学的基本原理,在对样品进行沉积岩组构、化学成分分析和对同期海水代表性评估的基础上,测试了四川东部华蓥山地区下三叠统飞仙关组-嘉陵江组界线附近6个碳酸盐岩样品的锶同位素组成。结果表明,该界线附近的锶同位素组成与前人公布的早三叠世同期海水的锶同位素组成数据基本一致。锶同位素地层学研究的引入,可望为我国南方海相三叠系飞仙关组和嘉陵江组的年代地层学对比研究提供重要依据。 相似文献
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作为化学地层学的重要分支之一,锶同位素地层学已经逐步成为全球海平面变化、造山运动、古气候和古环境等全球事件研究和对比的有效工具,根据锶同位素地层学的基本原理,在对样品进行沉积岩组构、化学成分分析和对同期海水代表性评估的基础上,测试了四川东部华蓥山地区下三叠统飞仙关组-嘉陵江组界线附近6个碳酸盐岩样品的锶同位素组成。结果表明,该界线附近的锶同位素组成与前人公布的早三叠世同期海水的锶同位素组成数据基本一致。锶同位素地层学研究的引入,可望为我国南方海相三叠系飞仙关组和嘉陵江组的年代地层学对比研究提供重要依据。 相似文献
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Modeling isotopic signatures in systems affected by diffusion, advection, and a reaction which modifies the isotopic abundance of a given species, is a discipline in its infancy. Traditionally, much emphasis has been placed on kinetic isotope effects during biochemical reactions, while isotope effects caused by isotope specific diffusion coefficients have been neglected. A recent study by Donahue et al. (2008) suggested that transport related isotope effects may be of similar magnitude as microbially mediated isotope effects. Although it was later shown that the assumed differences in the isotope specific diffusion coefficients were probably overstated by one or two orders of magnitude (Bourg, 2008), this study raises several important issues: (1) Is it possible to directly calculate isotopic enrichment factors from measured concentration data without modeling the respective system? (2) Do changes in porosity and advection velocity modulate the influence of isotope specific diffusion coefficients on the fractionation factor α? (3) If one has no a priori knowledge whether diffusion coefficients are isotope specific or not, what is the nature and magnitude of the error introduced by either assumption? Here we argue (A) That the direct substitution of measured data into a differential equation is problematic and cannot be used as a replacement for a reaction-transport model; (B) That the transport related fractionation scales linearly with the difference between the respective diffusion coefficients of a given isotope system, but depends in a complex non-linear way on the interplay between advection velocity, and downcore changes of temperature and porosity. Last but not least, we argue that the influence of isotope specific diffusion coefficients on microbially mediated sulfate reduction in typical marine sediments is considerably smaller than the error associated with the determination of the fractionation factor. 相似文献
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Ancient geochemical cycling in the Earth as inferred from Fe isotope studies of banded iron formations from the Transvaal Craton 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Clark M. Johnson Brian L. Beard Nicolas J. Beukes Cornelis Klein Julie M. O'Leary 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2003,144(5):523-547
Variations in the isotopic composition of Fe in Late Archean to Early Proterozoic Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, span nearly the entire range yet measured on Earth, from –2.5 to +1.0‰ in 56Fe/54Fe ratios relative to the bulk Earth. With a current state-of-the-art precision of ±0.05‰ for the 56Fe/54Fe ratio, this range is 70 times analytical error, demonstrating that significant Fe isotope variations can be preserved in ancient rocks. Significant variation in Fe isotope compositions of rocks and minerals appears to be restricted to chemically precipitated sediments, and the range measured for BIFs stands in marked contrast to the isotopic homogeneity of igneous rocks, which have δ56Fe=0.00±0.05‰, as well as the majority of modern loess, aerosols, riverine loads, marine sediments, and Proterozoic shales. The Fe isotope compositions of hematite, magnetite, Fe carbonate, and pyrite measured in BIFs appears to reflect a combination of (1) mineral-specific equilibrium isotope fractionation, (2) variations in the isotope compositions of the fluids from which they were precipitated, and (3) the effects of metabolic processing of Fe by bacteria. For minerals that may have been in isotopic equilibrium during initial precipitation or early diagenesis, the relative order of δ56Fe values appears to decrease in the order magnetite > siderite > ankerite, similar to that estimated from spectroscopic data, although the measured isotopic differences are much smaller than those predicted at low temperature. In combination with on-going experimental determinations of equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation factors, the data for BIF minerals place additional constraints on the equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation factors for the system Fe(III)–Fe(II)–hematite–magnetite–Fe carbonate. δ56Fe values for pyrite are the lowest yet measured for natural minerals, and stand in marked contrast to the high δ56Fe values that are predicted from spectroscopic data. Some samples contain hematite and magnetite and have positive δ56Fe values; these seem best explained through production of high 56Fe/54Fe reservoirs by photosynthetic Fe oxidation. It is not yet clear if the low δ56Fe values measured for some oxides, as well as Fe carbonates, reflect biologic processes, or inorganic precipitation from low-δ56Fe ferrous-Fe-rich fluids. However, the present results demonstrate the great potential for Fe isotopes in tracing the geochemical cycling of Fe, and highlight the need for an extensive experimental program for determining equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation factors for minerals and fluids that are pertinent to sedimentary environments. 相似文献
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Investigating pathways of diagenetic organic matter sulfurization using compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Josef P. Werne Timothy W. Lyons Stefan Schouten Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(14):3489-3502
We present the results of compound-specific sulfur isotope analyses performed on organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) isolated from sediments deposited in the euxinic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Individual OSCs (sulfurized highly branched isoprenoids and malabaricatriene) have sulfur isotope compositions of ca. −15‰, which is 34S enriched by 5-15‰ relative to coeval bulk organic and inorganic sulfur pools. These observed differences in the sulfur isotope composition of bulk organic sulfur in the kerogen and bitumen pools and individual OSCs demonstrate that there are multiple pathways of organic sulfur formation operating simultaneously in marine sediments. Comparison of our measured compound-specific sulfur isotope data with values predicted using simple isotopic mass balance assumptions suggests that the sulfurization process likely involves multiple sources of inorganic sulfur. Further, the isotopic composition of these various precursor inorganic sulfur species and the specific pathway of sulfur incorporation into organic matter (OM) impart distinct isotopic compositions to the resulting organic sulfur compounds. These data represent the first compound-specific sulfur isotope measurements made in marine sediments, and demonstrate the utility of compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis in identification of inorganic sulfur sources for OM sulfurization and tracking pathways of sulfur incorporation, which will lead to a more complete understanding of diagenetic sulfurization of OM. 相似文献
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湘南上堡花岗岩中电气石LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硼同位素分析及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
电气石的LA—MC—ICPMS原位微区硼同位素分析方法是最近几年新兴的一种高效经济的硼同位素分析方法。对上堡晚白垩世含电气石二云母花岗岩的电气石进行LA—MC—ICPMS原位微区的硼同位素研究发现,其具有非常均一的¨B／mB比值（3．9908～3．9979）~H万¨B值（加权平均为（一12．86＋0．19）‰）。结合区域地质资料以及其他已有的硼同位素资料,提出上堡花岗岩中硼来源于沉积岩,可能的源区是邻近花岗岩体的石炭一二叠系的沉积地层或深埋在地壳中的沉积物质。在晚白垩世,华南处于伸展的背景中,幔源岩浆的底侵带来的巨大的热源使地壳中的沉积物质发生熔融,形成强过铝质的花岗质浆,在岩浆演化的晚期形成电气石。 相似文献
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胶南榴辉岩矿物氧同位素平衡及其Sm-Nd年代学制约 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
对苏鲁地体中的胶南榴辉岩进行了矿物氧同位素分析，并与同一手标本矿物的Sm-Nd内部等时线定年和Nd-Sr同位素分布进行了对比。研究表明，石榴子石与绿辉石之间的氧同位素平衡与否能够对矿物Sm-Nd同位素体系的平衡状况和内部等时线定年结果的有效性给予直接制约。合理的石榴子石＋绿辉石Sm-Nd内部等时线年龄产于两矿物之间达到并在峰变质条件下保持氧同位素平衡的样品中，而两矿物之间处于氧同位素不平衡的样品不能给出正确的Sm-Nd内部等时线年龄。同一矿物在手标本尺度出现显著的O-Nd-Sr同位素不均一性，据此对这些元素在石榴子石和绿辉石中的扩散速率顺序进行了估计，不仅得到了与实验扩散系数相吻合的结果，而且由此估计出在峰变质条件下达到矿物内部同位素均一化所需要的时间应大于10Ma。 相似文献
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High‐Precision Mass‐Dependent Molybdenum Isotope Variations in Magmatic Rocks Determined by Double‐Spike MC‐ICP‐MS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Matthias Willbold Kate Hibbert Yi‐Jen Lai Heye Freymuth Remco C. Hin Christopher Coath Flurin Vils Tim Elliott 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(3):389-403
Small mass‐dependent variations of molybdenum isotope ratios in oceanic and island arc rocks are expected as a result of recycling altered oceanic crust and sediments into the mantle at convergent plate margins over geological timescales. However, the determination of molybdenum isotope data precise and accurate enough to identify these subtle isotopic differences remains challenging. Large sample sizes – in excess of 200 mg – need to be chemically processed to isolate enough molybdenum in order to allow sufficiently high‐precision isotope analyses using double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS techniques. Established methods are either unable to process such large amounts of silicate material or require several distinct chemical processing steps, making the analyses very time‐consuming. Here, we present a new and efficient single‐pass chromatographic exchange technique for the chemical isolation of molybdenum from silicate and metal matrices. To test our new method, we analysed USGS reference materials BHVO‐2 and BIR‐1. Our new data are consistent with those derived from more involved and time‐consuming methods for these two reference materials previously published. We also provide the first molybdenum isotope data for USGS reference materials AGV‐2, the GSJ reference material JB‐2 as well as metal NIST SRM 361. 相似文献
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中国东部富碱侵入岩铅同位素组成特征模式及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对中国东部１１个铅同位素省内４５个中生代富碱侵入岩体测定了６５个长石和全岩的铅同位素组成，并结合前人资料分析认为。各铅同位素省富碱侵入岩铅同位素组成特征模式与所在铅同位素省中生代中酸性花岗岩类岩石的长石铅同位组成特征模式完全相同，呈等值变化，这就充分暗示富碱侵入岩不太可能属于来自地幔岩浆直接分异产物，而与地壳基底岩石分层深熔或部分熔融作用有关。 相似文献
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Adam J.R. Kent 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2008,32(2):129-147
This contribution presents data for laser ablation multicollector ICP‐MS (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) analyses of NIST SRM 610 and 612 glasses with the express purpose of examining the Pb isotope homogeneity of these glasses at the ～ 100 μm spatial scale, relevant to in situ analysis. Investigation of homogeneity at these scales is important as these glasses are widely used as calibrators for in situ measurements of Pb isotope composition. Results showed that at the levels of analytical uncertainty obtained, there was no discernable heterogeneity in Pb isotope composition of NIST SRM 610 and also most probably for NIST SRM 612. Traverses across the ～ 1.5 mm glass wafers supplied by NIST, consisting of between 75 and 133 individual measurements, showed no compositional outliers at the two standard deviation level beyond those expected from population statistics. Overall, the measured Pb isotope ratios from individual traverses across NIST SRM 610 and 612 wafers closely approximate single normally‐distributed populations, with standard deviations similar to the average internal uncertainty for individual measurement blocks. Further, Pb isotope ratios do not correlate with Tl/Pb ratios measured during the analysis, suggesting that regions of volatile element depletion (marked by low Tl/Pb) in these glasses are not associated with changes in Pb isotope composition. For NIST SRM 610 there also appeared to be no variation in Pb isotope composition related to incomplete mixing of glass base and trace element spike during manufacture. For NIST SRM 612 there was some dispersion of measured ratios, including some in a direction parallel to the expected mixing line for base‐spike mixing. However, there was no significant correlation parallel to the mixing line. At this time this cannot be unequivocally demonstrated to result from glass heterogeneity, but it is suggested that NIST SRM 610 be preferred for standardising in situ Pb isotope measurements. Data from this study also showed significantly better accuracy and somewhat better precision for ratios corrected for mass bias by external normalisation to Pb isotope ratios measured in bracketing calibrators compared to mass bias corrected via internal normalisation to measured 205Tl/203Tl, although the Tl isotopic composition of both glasses appears to be homogeneous. 相似文献