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1.
Tremendous volumes of data have been captured, archived and analyzed. Sensors, algorithms and processing systems for transforming and analyzing the data are evolving over time. Web Portals and Services can create transient data sets on-demand. Data are transferred from organization to organization with additional transformations at every stage. Provenance in this context refers to the source of data and a record of the process that led to its current state. It encompasses the documentation of a variety of artifacts related to particular data. Provenance is important for understanding and using scientific datasets, and critical for independent confirmation of scientific results. Managing provenance throughout scientific data processing has gained interest lately and there are a variety of approaches. Large scale scientific datasets consisting of thousands to millions of individual data files and processes offer particular challenges. This paper uses the analogy of art history provenance to explore some of the concerns of applying provenance tracking to earth science data. It also illustrates some of the provenance issues with examples drawn from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Data Processing System (OMIDAPS) (Tilmes et al. 2004) run at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center by the first author. 相似文献
2.
地理信息系统(GIS)在我国地学中的应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
地理信息系统是近年来发展迅猛的一项高新技术。笔者回顾了地理信息系统(GIS)在国内外的发展现状，分析了应用地理信息系统进行地学研究的主要优势，介绍了地理信息系统在我国地图编制、自然地理资源管理、资源评价及环境整治等领域中的研究与应用现状及部分科研成果，说明了地理信息系统在研究地学问题中，方法是先进的，理论是可行的，结语中展望了GIS前景。 相似文献
3.
The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), in 2002, released their first version of a Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS). In 2003, the model was adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as ISO 14721:2003. The CCSDS document was updated in 2012 with additional focus on verifying the authenticity of data and developing concepts of access rights and a security model. The OAIS model is the basis of research data management systems across institutions and disciplines around the world. The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), in 2006, released their first version of a Reference Model for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). OASIS defines the SOA as “a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains.” Systems designed around the SOA model benefit from improved scalability, flexibility, and agility. This paper applies the SOA model to the OAIS repository to describe how repositories can be implemented and extended through the use of services that may be internal or external to the host institution, including the consumption of network- or cloud-based services and resources. We use the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design paradigm to describe a set of potential extensions to OAIS Reference Model: purpose and justification for each extension, where and how each extension connects to the model, and an example of a specific service that meets the purpose. 相似文献
4.
超深基坑土压力监测成果分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土压力是基坑支护结构上的主要水平荷载形式。实际工程中由于土压力的大小受各种因素的影响而与理论值相差悬殊,在基坑支护设计时土压力的取值直接与支护结构未来的安全稳定性相关。通过对润扬长江公路大桥北锚碇深基坑工程土压力监测资料进行分析,得出坑壁土压力随开挖进行具有不同的分布形式,这对同类工程可靠性设计以及研究土-结构相互作用机制均具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
Bruce R. Barkstrom 《Earth Science Informatics》2010,3(3):167-196
This paper identifies three distinct data production paradigms for Earth science data, each having its own versioning structure:
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Climate data record production, used when the data producer’s dominant concern is providing a homogeneous error structure
for each data set version, particularly when the data record is expected to cover a long time period 相似文献
6.
随着人类社会谋求可持续发展意愿的加强,突出系统科学的服务和规范已成为我国公益性地质工作的战略要求,并且成为引领新世纪地球科学的发展方向。建立在地球探针等技术基础之上的系统科学,必将促进多学科交叉融合,从地球系统整体行为研究寻求解决办法。由此提出了地球系统和地球系统科学的概念。通过自由性、统计性、组合性的研究,研究自然界中的秩序与和谐,通过体系的完全性、参数性、层次性的研究,揭示不同空间的物质组成,解释不同结构的物性参数,通过地质学、地球物理、地球化学信息的研究,探索开发矿物原料、资源估算、水文生态、污染治理、矿山监测。 相似文献
7.
本文针对目前国内大数据研究的现状,着重分析了在地球科学领域大数据研究落后的原因,指出大数据正在引发地球科学领域一场深刻的革命,大数据的关键不在于数据的大,而且在于思维的新;从数据出发,让数据说话,依靠人工智能方法,让机器学习、深度学习、可视分析等大数据技术逐步成为必需。利用大数据方法研究玄武岩构造环境判别图以及中新世岩浆事件的意义所取得的成果即是极佳的研究范例。文中指出,面向未来,大数据对于地球科学界来说,决不是可有可无的,它将创造奇迹。大数据作为第四科学范式的研究领域十分宽广,它将改变地球科学家的思维方式,从逻辑思维方式转变为由数据驱动的关联思维方式,文中呼吁科学界对大数据给予更多的关注和支持。 相似文献
8.
Adalberto Vallega 《GeoJournal》1999,47(4):511-522
The expanding needs for ocean resources, together with the design and diffusion of new kinds of deep-ocean and coastal management
patterns, have changed profoundly in the transition from modern to post-modern society. As a result, the scientific approach
to the ocean has also undergone profound changes, which have marked the epistemology of disciplines, their logical backgrounds
and methods. This process has been driven by oceanography, which was born in the 19th century and has benefited, first, from
the monitoring techniques from surface ships, then from the exploration of the water column and seabed, and finally from the
satellite monitoring systems. While that process was evolving, geography has been involved in investigations of marine and
coastal uses and the interaction between human communities and the ocean. Since the mid-1980s, and especially because of the
inputs of Agenda 21 (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, UNCED, 1992), oceanography has been required
to deal also with deep-ocean and coastal management issues. To respond to this need, interaction of oceanography with other
disciplines is essential. In this prospect geography has an important role because, on the basis of its heritage, it could
contribute to (i) the epistemological discussion of the building up of ocean science, (ii) the analysis of the human communities/ocean
ecosystems interaction, and (iii) the design of sustainable development-consistent management patterns. The conceptual background
and external epistemology needed by ocean geography to optimise this role are presented and discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
生态环境地质学——21世纪新兴的地球学科 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
环境地质学研究人为地质活动所引起的灾害，地质环境学研究自然环境对人类的影响，两者是完全不同的学科。生态环境地质学应用生物学、环境学和地质学的原理和知识，解决由于人类利用和开发自然环境而引起的问题。生态环境地质学牵涉到分类学、生态学、生物化学、环境化学、沉积学、第四纪地质学和地球化学的研究，涉及到由于人为的地质作用而引起的元素重新迁移、重新富集和重新沉积的过程，对于生命和人类的健康是非常重要的，还涉及到国家和地区经济的可持续发展。生态环境地质学的研究包括下列内容：(1)生态环境地质可容负荷研究；(2)监测研究；(3)预警研究；(4)修复研究；(5)实验研究；(6)虚拟研究。 相似文献
10.
地球科学领域处在信息科学与信息化社会时代,基于大数据战略驱动的现代地球科学正在蓬勃兴起。诞生于近代的地球化学具有天然的结构化信息科学属性。提出建立从信息化、模式化到智能化的地球化学大数据信息科学应用研究总体思路,即基于地球化学大数据首先建立信息化系统,运用地球系统科学方法理论建立成矿地球化学分带富集模式与生态地球化学累积效应模式,采用智能系统与智能技术按照模式化思维方式分析、判别和预测大量地质地球化学非线性现象,通过地球化学理论研究和应用评价解决影响国家经济社会发展重要资源环境问题。大数据与地球系统科学构成地球化学应用研究的两大支柱。本文针对目前存在的主要问题,从地球化学大数据信息化、信息模式化及模式智能化等方面进行论述。重要的是以地学模型为主体构建智能化系统,研究成矿系统与生态系统科学问题。世界经济社会发展与资源环境问题处在全球化时代,必须从全球资源配置与全球环境变化高度审视成矿地球化学和生态地球化学问题。地球化学结构化大数据属性的巨大优势,现代计算机关键技术日益成熟及智能化前缘理论研究的不断突破,预示实现地球化学大数据信息科学条件已经具备,可能从地球科学领域脱颖而出,成为具有广博视野和不断进取的新兴科学研究范式。 相似文献
11.
地球系统科学——21世纪地球科学前沿与可持续发展战略科学基础 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
首先，从人类面临全球性的重大问题、地球系统的全球化、地球系统科学与传统地球科学和国内外研究现状4个方面介绍了地球系统科学提出的背景，阐述了地球系统科学的七大特征和六大趋向。其次，详细介绍了地球系统科学的概念与研究方法，主要内容有研究思路、基本概念、地球系统过程和地球系统科学的方法论。第三，构建了地球系统科学理论基础，主要内容包括：地球系统的连续动态系统、离散动态系统、地球系统的随机性、地球系统的自组织和地球系统的简单巨系统与复杂巨系统。第四，重点介绍了地球系统科学子系统与各圈层相互作用的动力学效应。最后，概述了地球系统的数字表达——数字地球和地球系统科学是可持续发展战略的科学基础。 相似文献
12.
13.
Geography (or geographers) and earth system science 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ron Johnston 《Geoforum》2006,37(1):7-11
A response to Pitman’s recent arguments regarding a perceived invasion of geographers’ territory within the academic division of labour by earth system science. Geography is not the grand synthesiser, the only discipline which can explain the big picture, and arrogant claims that it is are counter-productive, both within and outwith the discipline. Geographers should just get on with what they are doing—well. 相似文献
14.
On the utility of identification schemes for digital earth science data: an assessment and recommendations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ruth E. Duerr Robert R. Downs Curt Tilmes Bruce Barkstrom W. Christopher Lenhardt Joseph Glassy Luis E. Bermudez Peter Slaughter 《Earth Science Informatics》2011,4(3):139-160
In recent years, a number of data identification technologies have been developed which purport to permanently identify digital
objects. In this paper, nine technologies and systems for assigning persistent identifiers are assessed for their applicability
to Earth science data (ARKs, DOIs, XRIs, Handles, LSIDs, OIDs, PURLs, URIs/URNs/URLs, and UUIDs). The evaluation used four
use cases that focused on the suitability of each scheme to provide Unique Identifiers for Earth science data objects, to
provide Unique Locators for the objects, to serve as Citable Locators, and to uniquely identify the scientific contents of
data objects if the data were reformatted. Of all the identifier schemes assessed, the one that most closely meets all of
the requirements for an Unique Identifier is the UUID scheme. Any of the URL/URI/IRI-based identifier schemes assessed could
be used for Unique Locators. Since there are currently no strong market leaders to help make the choice among them, the decision
must be based on secondary criteria. While most publications now allow the use of URLs in citations, so that all of the URL/URI/IRI
based identification schemes discussed in this paper could potentially be used as a Citable Locator, DOIs are the identification
scheme currently adopted by most commercial publishers. None of the identifier schemes assessed here even minimally address
identification of scientifically identical numerical data sets under reformatting. 相似文献
15.
HydroCube: an entity-relationship hydrogeological data model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Piotr Wojda Serge Brouyère Johan Derouane Alain Dassargues 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(8):1953-1962
Managing, handling and accessing hydrogeological information depends heavily on the applied hydrogeological data models, which differ between institutions and countries. The effective dissemination of hydrogeological information requires the convergence of such models to make hydrogeological information accessible to multiple users such as universities, water suppliers, and administration and research organisations. Furthermore, because hydrogeological studies are complex, they require a wide variety of high-quality hydrogeological data with appropriate metadata in clearly designed and coherent structures. A need exists, therefore, to develop and implement hydrogeological data models that cover, as much as possible, the full hydrogeological domain. A new data model, called HydroCube, was developed for the Walloon Region in Belgium in 2005. The HydroCube model presents an innovative holistic project-based approach which covers a full set of hydrogeological concepts and features, allowing for effective hydrogeological project management. The model stores data relating to the project locality, hydrogeological equipment, and related observations and measurements. In particular, it focuses on specialized hydrogeological field experiments such as pumping and tracer tests. This logical data model uses entity-relationship diagrams and it has been implemented in the Microsoft Access environment. It has been enriched with a fully functional user interface. 相似文献
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17.
The year 2010 through 2011 witnessed a number of disasters such as floods in Pakistan and Eastern Europe and earthquakes in Chile, China and Haiti. In response, earth observation (EO) data, geographic information science (GIS) technologies and services were used to provide information before, during and after the disaster occurred. However, use of EO for disaster management still faces a number of challenges due to the lack of common established standards for producing disaster products, the lack of coordination between a large number of suppliers leading to a large collection of datasets on websites of coordinating agencies and the lack of an established framework for monitoring and authenticating the level of quality and reliability of the products delivered to the targeted users. Assessing the quality of such products is a challenge to any potential user of such datasets. The methodology presented here integrates the role of EO expert and targeted end-user into one model where the first phase involves the expert and the second phase the end-user. The expert handles the technical and expertise aspect of EO data by rating the level of conformance of a product to the parameters of a ??quality information template?? (QIT), and the end-user explores various rated datasets and sets preferences for decision-making based on this QIT. The end-user has the possibility of accessing the product through an interactive web platform. The preferences set are used for weighing and ranking for the combination of the potential datasets and the task to be performed. 相似文献
18.
On the misuse of regression in earth science 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Simple least-squares regression analysis is applied to almost all empirical curve-fitting problems in earth science (and related fields). Its use, however, should be restricted to predictive situations. For comparisons with theory or among fitted lines, the related technique termed functional analysisshould be employed. To apply this method, the ratio of the random components of the variances of the variables must be estimated. Principles are illustrated with examples from geomorphometry, especially the stream frequency-drainage density relation. 相似文献
19.
山西榆次地裂缝灾害评价的GIS与ANN耦合技术研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
现代地裂缝在世界许多国家普遍存在，已成为当今世界范围的一种主要地质灾害。本文详尽分析了山西榆次地裂缝灾害的各个致灾因子的基础上，利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术建立了地学信息的各个子专题层图；然后采用以工程技术手段模拟人脑神经网络结构和功能特征的人工神经网络（ANN）技术，构建出地裂缝灾情非线性评价模型，榆次地裂缝灾害进行了非线性评价，为榆次城建、环保和国土规划等部门的正确决策提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
20.
虚拟现实技术以其具有的沉浸感、交互性、实时性、构想性等特点而越来越为广大地学工作者所关注。本文首先介绍了虚拟现实系统的组成,之后综述了近几年国内外地球科学部分领域应用虚拟现实技术的研究文献。与传统方法相比,虚拟现实技术在很大程度上提高了科学研究的效率,能提供更丰富的可视化和交互环境,使科学家能够操纵多达GB甚至TB级数据,以一种身临其境方式来对研究对象进行观察、分析和实时操作,而无需科研人员到达现场。通过虚拟现实系统,能将尽可能多学科的数据放到同一个环境下,增强科研人员研究问题的深度和广度,避免得出错误结论。同时能重塑不可再生资源,避免了在科学研究的同时对其造成的破坏,有助于科学知识在公众中的传播。与西方发达国家相比,我国的（沉浸式）虚拟现实技术在地学领域的应用还处在起步阶段,在拥有大量高精度LiDAR地形数据的活动构造等领域亟待引入该项技术,以一种全新的视野来重新审视地球科学研究,并推动该学科在未来的发展。 相似文献
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