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1.
Ore deposits are usually composed of rock units or facies with different grade distributions and complex spatial structures. Being able to simulate the spatial layout of these facies are essential to have a comprehensive mining plan and an accurate resources and reserves evaluation. Modelers are faced with a set of challenges when creating the facies model such as: reproducing the facies proportions and spatial continuity as well as the topological contacts between facies, capturing post depositional overprinting, and honoring the data obtained from drill holes. Plurigaussian simulation (PGS) is a geostatistical approach that allows covering these challenges. This study addresses the application of PGS to Sungun porphyry copper deposit (Iran), in order to simulate the layout of three facies: mineralized porphyry and skarn and non-mineralized dykes. The aim of this study is to construct numerical models in which the dyke structures reflect the evolution observed in the geology. 相似文献
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The uncertainty in the recoverable tonnages and grades in a mineral deposit is a key factor in the decision-making process of a mining project. Currently, the most prevalent approach to model the uncertainty in the spatial distribution of mineral grades is to divide the deposit into domains based on geological interpretation and to predict the grades within each domain separately. This approach defines just one interpretation of the geological domain layout and does not offer any measure of the uncertainty in the position of the domain boundaries and in the mineral grades. This uncertainty can be evaluated by use of geostatistical simulation methods. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the simulation of rock type domains and grades affects the resources model of Sungun porphyry copper deposit, northwestern Iran. Specifically, three main rock type domains (porphyry, skarn and late-injected dykes) that control the copper grade distribution are simulated over the region of interest using the plurigaussian model. The copper grades are then simulated in cascade, generating one grade realization for each rock type realization. The simulated grades are finally compared to those obtained using traditional approaches against production data. 相似文献
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以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例.通过综合地质研究,构建了矿体定位预测概念模型.在地质勘探数据和物化探数据集成的基础上,采用三维地质建模技术,对地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体等地质体进行了推断和圈定,构建了地质体的线框模型与块体模型.基于定位预测概念模型和地质体三维块体模型,通过地质空间定义和立体单元划分,建立了岩体及其表面形态起伏、接触带、地层、褶皱、断层等控矿地质因素的三维栅格场模型.在定量分析控矿地质因素与矿化分布的关系的基础上,建立了反应这种关联关系的矿体立体定量预测模型.预测模型提供矿田深部(-1000m标高以上)所有50m×50m×50m立体单元的铜品位、铜金属量和含矿概率的预测结果.基于预测结果圈定了4个深部找矿立体靶区,为深部找矿工程的设计、布置提供尚未发现的臆伏矿体的位置、品位、金属量等信息的指导. 相似文献
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以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿田为例,通过综合地质研究,构建了矿体定位预测概念模型。在地质勘探数据和物化探数据集成的基础上,采用三维地质建模技术,对地层、构造、岩浆岩、矿体等地质体进行了推断和圈定,构建了地质体的线框模型与块体模型。基于定位预测概念模型和地质体三维块体模型,通过地质空间定义和立体单元划分,建立了岩体及其表面形态起伏、接触带、地层、褶皱、断层等控矿地质因素的三维栅格场模型。在定量分析控矿地质因素与矿化分布的关系的基础上,建立了反应这种关联关系的矿体立体定量预测模型。预测模型提供矿田深部(-1000m标高以上)所有50m×50m×50m立体单元的铜品位、铜金属量和含矿概率的预测结果。基于预测结果圈定了4个深部找矿立体靶区,为深部找矿工程的设计、布置提供尚未发现的隐伏矿体的位置、品位、金属量等信息的指导。 相似文献
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Obtaining accurate geological boundaries and assessing the uncertainty in these limits are critical for effective ore resource and reserve estimation. The uncertainty in the extent of an ore body can be the largest source of uncertainty in ore resource estimation when drilling is sparse. These limits are traditionally interpreted deterministically and it can be difficult to quantify uncertainty in the boundary and its impact on ore tonnage. The proposed methodology is to consider stochastic modeling of the ore boundary with a distance function recoding of the available data. This technique is modified to incorporate non-stationarities in the form of a locally varying anisotropy field used in kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation. Implementing locally varying anisotropy kriging retains the geologically realistic features of a deterministic model while allowing for a stochastic assessment of uncertainty. A case study of a gold deposit in Northern Canada is used to demonstrate the methodology. The proposed technique generates realistic, curvilinear geological boundary models and allows for an assessment of the uncertainty in the model. 相似文献
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不同斑岩铜矿的构造地质、成矿时代和控矿因素具有其特殊性, 所以需要针对具体的矿区开展地质调查以获取矿区标志性蚀变矿物组合信息, 从而利用遥感技术手段提取矿区蚀变信息, 确定找矿远景区.通过综合分析秘鲁南部斑岩铜矿地质特征、控矿因素, 确立了以泥化-绢英岩化和青磐岩化组合蚀变矿物带为遥感找矿指示标志, 并以ASTER数据为遥感数据源开展蚀变矿物信息提取技术研究, 结合已有矿区地质资料、高光谱影像和实地勘查结果, 验证了典型蚀变带矿物信息提取结果的可靠性, 另圈定了2处找矿远景区.在综合分析、梳理已有研究基础上, 构建了多光谱遥感找矿模式, 并在智利、阿根廷等其他多个斑岩铜矿区取得了较好的应用效果. 相似文献
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Mohammad Maleki Xavier Emery Alejandro Cáceres Diniz Ribeiro Evandro Cunha 《Computational Geosciences》2016,20(5):1013-1028
This work addresses the problem of delineating the spatial layout of ten rock type domains in an iron ore body and of assessing the uncertainty in the domain boundaries. A stochastic approach is proposed to this end, based on truncated Gaussian simulation, which consists in defining successive partitions of the space that comply with the desired spatial continuity and contact relationships between rock type domains. The sequencing of these domains is driven by their position (surficial vs. underlying rocks), granulometry (compact vs. friable rocks), and grades (rich vs. poor) of iron, alumina, manganese and loss on ignition. A total of 100 realizations are produced, conditioned to available drill hole data, and used to quantify the uncertainty in the occurrence of each rock type domain, at both global and local scales. 相似文献
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正Three-dimensional geological modeling(3DGM) assists geologists to quantitatively study in three-dimensional(3D) space structures that define temporal and spatial relationships between geological objects.The 3D property model can also be used to infer or deduce causes of geological objects.3DGM technology provides technical support for extraction of diverse geoscience information,3D modeling,and quantitative calculation of mineral resources.Based on metallogenic concepts and an ore deposit model, 3DGM technology is applied to analyze geological characteristics of the Tongshan Cu deposit in order to define a metallogenic model and develop a virtual borehole technology;a BP neural network and a 3D interpolation technique were combined to integrate multiple geoscience information in a 3D environment. The results indicate:(1) on basis of the concept of magmatic-hydrothermal Cu polymetallic mineralization and a porphyry Cu deposit model,a spatial relational database of multiple geoscience information for mineralization in the study area(geology,geophysics,geochemistry,borehole,and cross-section data) was established,and 3D metallogenic geological objects including mineralization stratum,granodiorite, alteration rock,and magnetic anomaly were constructed;(2) on basis of the 3D ore deposit model,23,800 effective surveys from 94 boreholes and 21 sections were applied to establish 3D orebody models with a kriging interpolation method;(3) combined 23,800 surveys involving 21 sections,using VC++ and OpenGL platform,virtual borehole and virtual section with BP network,and an improved inverse distance interpolation(IDW) method were used to predict and delineate mineralization potential targets (Cu-grade of cell not less than 0.1%);(4) comparison of 3D ore bodies,metallogenic geological objects of mineralization,and potential targets of mineralization models in the study area,delineated the 3D spatial and temporal relationship and causal processes among the ore bodies,alteration rock,metallogenic stratum,intrusive rock,and the Tongshan Fault.This study provides important technical support and a scientific basis for assessment of the Tongshan Cu deposit and surrounding exploration and mineral resources. 相似文献
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The 3D lithofacies architecture of the thrust-imbricated Paleoproterozoic 85.5 Mt Flin Flon volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore system, Trans-Hudson orogen, Canada has been mapped in 3D using a numerical grid modeling methodology. This methodology is based on the Structural Knowledge Universal Approach (SKUA®) modeling work flow developed for modeling hydrocarbon reservoirs. One of the major advantages of applying this methodology to mineral exploration is that it allows exploiting knowledge on the structural setting of the ore deposit without the need to determine all kinematic constraints that would be required for a full 3D balanced restoration. The work flow proceeds by modeling the volume of the thrust-repeated mine horizon on a curvilinear faulted grid that is conformable to the enveloping geological structure and that includes discontinuities to model fault offsets. It then uses a coordinate transformation to partly remove the influence of geological structure on Euclidean distance-based geostatistical estimations. It subsequently applies the inverse of this coordinate transformation to represent the interpolated or simulated lithofacies distribution in the finite deformed state. Randomized validation experiments show that the geostatistical analysis resulted in an estimated overall 74% accuracy of the predicted lithofacies classes over the grid. The lithofacies grid models provide insight into the post-depositional deformation history of the ore system and the rifted volcanic arc setting in which the Flin Flon massive sulfide ore was deposited. The lithofacies grid models also serve as stratified containers for generating lithochemical property models that can be used for spatially characterizing ore-forming processes, such as hydrothermal alteration and ore metal zoning. 相似文献
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高光谱遥感技术是近年来兴起并逐渐成熟的蚀变矿物研究方法。盘龙沟金矿床围岩蚀变发育,主要蚀变类型包括硅化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、钠长石化、褐铁矿化等,蚀变与金矿化关系密切。文章通过航空高光谱遥感数据和地面光谱数据,提取和诊断盘龙沟金矿床的不同地段、不同地质体的蚀变矿物信息,研究分析金矿区的航空和地面高光谱蚀变矿物、蚀变矿物组合特征,以及矿区围岩蚀变特征,总结航空和地面光谱蚀变矿物分带找矿标志规律,结合金矿床地质矿产特征,系统剖析金矿床的综合找矿标志特征,构建盘龙沟金矿床高光谱蚀变矿物找矿标志;同时依据绢云母、绿泥石的诊断光谱,研究两种蚀变矿物的光谱变化特征,分析了金矿床围岩蚀变的形成条件和蚀变矿物的温压条件,进而初步推测盘龙沟金矿床为中低温热液型金矿,其矿体与围岩形成的环境条件不同。 相似文献
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马坞金矿分布于岷-礼成矿带的东部,通过野外地质勘查和1/万土壤地球化学测量,获得了丰富的矿体地质及地球化学测量数据,系统分析了矿床的地球化学特征,围岩蚀变以中-低温热液蚀变为主,蚀变强度与金矿化程度呈正相关,从地质的地层、构造、岩浆岩及地球化学特征方面分析了控矿因素,对找矿潜力进行了分析. 相似文献
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以云南东川金江小石将军铜矿床为主要研究对象,对小石将军铜矿床区域地质、矿区地层、构造、岩浆岩、控矿因素、矿体特征、围岩蚀变等地质特征认真、详细观察、分析,结合东川知名矿床地质特征进行对比研究,将矿床成因类型初步厘定为沉积变质叠加热液改造型矿床。 相似文献
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水洞岭矿床为一中型铜多金属矿床,(332)+(333)+(334)铜铅锌金属量13万余吨。笔者在收集区内已有地质勘查、科研成果资料的基础上,对矿区的地质情况进行了实地调查。通过对成矿地质特征的总结和综合研究,对矿床的成因进行了探讨。该矿床成矿的大地构造背景、赋矿岩石特征、矿体形态、近矿围岩蚀变的主要类别、矿石构造类型分带、矿石矿物组合、主要成矿元素组合及主要伴生组分等地质要素均与黑矿(VMS型)的特征基本相同;同时,矿石组构(交代文像结构、交代残余结构及矿石中呈脉状—细脉状斜切赋矿岩石片理而出现的黄铁矿化及闪锌矿化)、细鳞片状绢云母化及深色鳞片状叶绿泥石化蚀变特征等联合表明,矿床具有后期热液弱改造的痕迹。因此,水洞岭矿床的成因类型应归结为海底火山喷流沉积-弱改造类黑矿型矿床。 相似文献
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Fault detection in 3D by sequential Gaussian simulation of Rock Quality Designation (RQD) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gazestan phosphate ore deposit (Central Iran) is an apatite deposit which is instrumental in selecting the method of excavation. The position of fault systems and the condition of rock quality also play a role in the method used for mineral resources and ore reserves estimation. Conversely, the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) is a parameter that provides a quantitative judgment of rock mass quality obtained from drill cores. This factor can be applied to detect the fractured zones which occur due to fault systems. Additionally, the faulted areas can be determined by surface geological map and a few by core drilling. Some of the faulted areas are not distinguishable in the surface and are covered by soils, especially within 3D modeling and visualization. In this study, an attempt has been made to establish a relationship between the RQD percentages which were geostatistically simulated and faulted areas through the region. In comparison, the results showed that low RQD domains (RQD <20 %) can be interpreted as fault zones; high RQD domains (RQD >50 %) correspond to less fractured areas, and the contact between high and low RQD domain is gradual. Therefore, this categorization of RQD domains can be incorporated to detect the faulted zones in 3D models for mine design. Based on the categorization, the uncertainty within the area was calculated to introduce two new core drilling points for the completion of this phase of exploratory grid from the fault structural viewpoint, in order to have a proper model of ore reserve to estimate. It was concluded that this procedure can be utilized for conceptual comprehension of fault trends in 3D modeling for the method selection of excavation and complete the estimation procedure phase. 相似文献
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太华山金矿区位于福建中部尤溪-德化-永泰三县的结合部位之"闽中金矿集中区",是该区具有找矿前景的靶区之一。随着太华山金矿区金坂矿段深部找矿勘查较系统的工程投入,发现了该区段深部的含矿斑岩体及其矿化蚀变系统。通过对金坂矿段620 m中段以上的含矿斑岩、矿化类型、蚀变分带特征及斑岩与各类型矿化的关系等进行系统分析,初步认为太华山金坂矿段矿化类型具有浅成低温热液型金银矿的特征,其金银矿(化)体在空间上与流纹斑岩紧密相伴,主要产于流纹斑岩体的内外接触带中,自上而下的矿化类型分为:顶部(微)细粒浸染型、中部石英细脉/网脉型及深部热液角砾/黄铁矿浸染石英脉型等,成矿具有"一体多型"的特点。结合太华山矿区太华山矿段、尤岭隔矿段地质特征的对比分析,提出了该区深部金银矿找矿地质模型,对完善太华山热泉-次火山斑岩成矿系统模型及其指导深部探矿工作具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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西藏铁格隆南铜(金)矿床三维模型分析与深部预测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
铁格隆南铜(金)矿床是近年来在班公湖-怒江成矿带西段多龙矿集区新发现的超大型Cu(Au-Ag)矿床。本文针对铁格隆南矿区深部找矿问题,以现代成矿地质理论和多元地学信息综合分析技术为支撑,以构建矿床找矿模型为指导,依托数据库技术、3S技术、三维建模与可视化技术及地质统计学理论与方法,开展基于矿产地质、地球物理、地球化学等成矿条件及找矿标志的三维地质实体建模与矿化异常三维空间重构,将铁格隆南矿床的预测评价研究拓展到三维空间,揭示了区内成矿地质特征、地球化学及地球物理异常表征,据此探讨了矿床的成因及矿体分布特征。并在此基础上,开展了矿区的地质-地球化学-地球物理综合信息分析与预测评价,以期减少单一信息多解性和成矿条件不确定性,为铁格隆南矿区深部找矿工作提供参考。研究结果表明:在地质找矿模型指导下,基于深部成矿空间三维结构重构基础上的三维地质、地球物理、地球化学异常信息提取与综合分析,可以有效的识别成矿地质体和矿致异常信息,实现深部矿产资源靶区空间定位预测,为深部找矿预测研究提供了新思路。综合分析结果显示铁格隆南矿床深部找矿潜力巨大。 相似文献
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通过对江苏省南京市江宁区杨库村铜矿的地质背景、矿床地质特征、围岩蚀变及矿床成因、成矿控矿条件的分析研究,并与相邻已知矿区进行对比,结合近几年的工作成果,阐述了杨库村铜矿的找矿前景。 相似文献