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1.
华北前寒武纪麻粒岩与国外同类组合相比有特殊性,如(1)具面状分布的特点;(2)麻粒岩类型缺少斜长岩-淡色辉长岩组合以及下部堆晶相辉长岩组合,灰色片麻岩比例少,并普遍受到钾质交代;(3)多为不亏损型麻粒岩,未发现熔融残留型麻粒岩;(4)变质压力为低—中压过渡型,堇青石在变质沉积岩中普遍存在;(5)华北克拉通经历了多期麻粒岩相变质作用。这些特征对于深入研究华北麻粒岩的成因、下部地壳的性质以及克拉通的形成和演化都是必须加以考虑的。  相似文献   

2.
中国太古宙地质体组成、阶段划分和演化   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
沈其韩  钱祥麟 《地球学报》1995,16(2):113-120
我国太古宇陆壳主要见于华北克拉通区内,由高级变质的麻粒岩相带、角闪宕相区和低、中级变质的绿岩-花岗岩区组成。按地质时序可划分为始、古、中、新太古4个阶段。麻粒岩相带的组成主要由英云闪长质片麻岩为主和少量表壳岩或主要由表壳岩含一些花岗质岩石。绿岩-花岗岩区时代主要属新太古代,绿岩属基性火山-沉积建造,基性岩的原岩物质来自相对亏损的上地幔,形成于大陆边缘的裂谷环境。太古宙末,板块体制已经形成,麻粒岩相带是板块体制的俯冲碰撞机制的产物。对克拉通古陆块能长期成为大陆的解释,应认为是下地壳的挤压环境,促使陆壳以板底垫托叠置、垂直增生所致。  相似文献   

3.
徐学纯 《地学前缘》1998,5(4):284-290
麻粒岩作为下部地壳岩石的重要组成部分,是高温高压条件下的变质产物。变质流体是麻粒岩相变质过程的主要动力学因素之一。麻粒岩相变质流体成分以CO2为主,含有少量的H2O,CH4,N2和H2S等,具有高密度、低水活度、强还原弱氧化、低氧逸度和弱酸性的物理化学性质。麻粒岩的形成和大离子亲石元素的亏损均与流体岩石相互作用有关。稳定同位素的变化记录了麻粒岩相变质过程流体岩石相互作用的规模和范围。来源于地幔的富CO2流体的干化作用是麻粒岩形成的主要机制。角闪岩相到麻粒岩相的转变过程也是流体性质发生变化的过程。角闪岩相的流体成分以H2O为主,而麻粒岩相则以CO2为主。流体成分的变化也能导致变质相的转变。因此,流体是变质相转变的重要控制因素,直接影响和控制变质相的转变,应成为变质相划分的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

4.
华北北部麻粒岩相带构造区划及其早前寒武纪构造演化   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
李江海  翟明国 《地质科学》1997,32(3):254-266
作者在编绘华北北部高级变质岩区的变质地质图(1:2000,000)的基础上,对麻粒岩相带构造区划提出了新方案,提出相带内部构造单元的边界与变质相界线并不协调崐的新认识。这一巨型麻粒岩相带可以划分为南北两个亚区,它们分别具有不同的岩石组合、崐变质特点及演化历史。北亚区为早元古代陆缘活动带的组成部分,由TTG质杂岩和少量表壳岩系组成,主要经历1期变质;南亚区为太古代克拉通的组成部分,与克拉通内主要构造单元具有密切联系,经历多期变质,由孔兹岩区、剪切构造带、TTG杂岩一表壳岩穹隆等单元组成。整个麻粒岩相带及其邻区记录了中太古代一早元古代初华北克拉通北部小陆块形成、稳定,直至拼合形成较大的克拉通陆块,再发生陆内裂谷及陆缘构造活动,最终发生克拉通化的构造地质演化过程。  相似文献   

5.
胶东莱西地区高压麻粒岩的Sm-Nd同位素年代学   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
在胶东地区莱西-莱阳-栖霞一带的晚太古代花岗片麻岩中,出露一条长约200多公里,NE向展布的高压基性麻粒岩-超镁铁质岩带。由于这条岩带东邻苏鲁高压-超高压变质带,西接华北克拉通基底的古老变质岩,因此其区域构造归属以及大地构造意义是一个十分重要的问题。本文分析的高压基性麻粒岩样品具有降压退变质结构,退变质矿物组合为麻粒岩相。矿物-全岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1752Ma,全岩T(DM)模式年龄为2788Ma,与华北克拉通北缘的高压基性麻粒岩的同位素年龄完全相似。根据高压麻粒岩-超镁铁质岩的围岩片麻岩特征和同位素年龄,可以确定这条出露于华北陆块东缘的岩带是早前寒武纪华北克拉通下地壳岩石,其抬升与华北陆块与扬子陆块的拼合有关。  相似文献   

6.
山西吕梁群早元古代双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及成因   总被引:10,自引:10,他引:10  
山西吕梁山区中部的吕梁群形成于早元古代(~2.1Ga),其上部由变质玄武岩和变质流纹岩组成。流纹岩富集LIL和HFS元素且具高的Rb/Sr和Ga/Al比值,显示出与A型花岗质岩石的相似性。玄武岩具有低TiO2和P2O5含量且富集LIL和LREE元素。地球化学研究表明吕梁群玄武岩和流纹岩形成于大陆边缘的裂谷环境。玄武岩的母岩浆起源于亏损程度较低的地幔,并经历了结晶分异和地壳混染作用。流纹岩是由下地壳麻粒岩相正变质岩受到裂谷区高温热流和基性岩浆的影响部分熔融而形成  相似文献   

7.
王方正  路凤香 《岩石学报》1995,11(2):227-241
根据该地学断面Vp结构模型,造山带中基性火成岩、金伯利岩和花岗岩中的深源包体资料,以及火成岩和变质岩,特别是超高压变质岩和超基性岩的分布和组成所揭示的壳幔深部组成的信息,结合与相对应的岩石实验Vp数据的对比,建立了秦岭洛阳-伊川-十堰-秭归地学断面及邻区的岩石圈组成的岩石学模型。这一岩石学模型表明,华北与扬子克拉通,南北秦岭造山带与其克拉通的过渡带岩石圈的岩石学模型各不相同。华北克拉通下地壳是以麻粒岩相中酸性片麻岩和紫苏花岗岩为主,同时含有基性麻粒岩,而扬子克拉通的下地壳是以角闪岩相-麻粒岩相酸性片麻岩和TTG为主体,广泛存在基性火成岩层。南北秦岭造山带的中下地壳各自继承了扬子和华北克拉通的中下地壳的特点,但已被强烈改造;南北秦岭造山带上地幔组成差异性较大,北秦岭上地幔上部以榴辉岩及榴闪岩为主,而南秦岭以蛇纹石化橄榄岩为主体,各单元100km以下的地幔都是一样的,都是石榴石二辉橄榄岩组成。因此,秦岭造山带是一个具有近30亿年历史的由不同大陆块体拼合组成的,不具简单的岩石圈分层结构样式。  相似文献   

8.
变质流体研究新进展   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
徐学纯 《地学前缘》1996,3(4):200-208
变质流体是变质过程的主要动力学因素之一。目前变质流体研究主要集中在下部地壳麻粒岩相变质流体,俯冲带高压-超高压变质流体和接触变质流体等方面。研究的主要问题是流体流动机制和元素迁移,流体-岩石相互作用和流体来源。下部地壳麻粒岩相变质流体以CO2为主,具有较低的aH2O。δ13C研究表明大约2/3CO2是深成的。富CO2流体流动是紫苏花岗岩形成和热扰动的原因之一,也是麻粒岩形成和大离子亲石元素亏损的主要因素。俯冲带是高压、超高压变质作用发生和流体活动最活跃的场所。流体富含H2O、CH4和CO2,可以诱导部分熔融反应和岛弧岩浆作用。高压变质条件下的矿物稳定性也与流体有关。同位素研究表明,在超高压变质期间没有化学上完全相同的流体大规模循环。流体-熔体系统模式能更有效地解释下插板片的元素再循环。接触变质流体研究主要集中在含有易于发生流体-岩石反应的不纯碳酸盐岩地区。硅灰石带中流体/岩石比率高达40∶1,表明接触变质岩石中有大量流体存在。接触变质过程流体成分有较大差异,主要取决于流体来源、原岩性质和侵入体特征。流体流动和循环模式受控于构造变形,岩浆作用和变质过程的动力学条件及流体成分。  相似文献   

9.
魏春景 《地球科学》2018,43(1):24-43
华北克拉通古元古代造山带的时空分布与构造属性尚有很大争论,一种观点认为华北克拉通从新太古代至古元古代受大洋俯冲闭合控制,在1.85~1.95 Ga之间先后发生3次陆-陆碰撞形成3条造山带,即孔兹岩带、胶-辽-吉带和中部造山带;另一种观点强调华北克拉通这3条元古代造山带在1.80~1.98 Ga之间经历了相同的漫长演化过程,指示当时特有的热俯冲和碰撞环境.通过总结中部造山带中的五台-恒山地区变质作用研究进展,阐述该区古元古代造山时代与构造属性.五台-恒山地区的主要变质岩石-构造单元包括恒山杂岩、五台杂岩和滹沱群.恒山杂岩和五台杂岩主体为新太古代TTG片麻岩和表壳岩,它们在古元古代晚期经历了两期变质作用改造.第一期变质作用为中压型,是由于陆-陆碰撞导致弧后伸展盆地闭合、地壳加厚造山所致,从南向北形成一个递增序列:包括五台群下部和南恒山杂岩南部的低角闪岩相、南恒山杂岩北部高角闪岩相和北恒山杂岩的高压麻粒岩相,其压力峰期所对应的地热梯度为~15 ℃/km.变质锆石所记录的年龄峰值随着变质程度增高而降低,依次为~1.95 Ga、~1.92 Ga和~1.85 Ga,这是因为在变质过程中锆石生长受流体和熔体行为控制:在亚固相线下,变质锆石可记录峰期变质年龄,而在超固相线条件下记录伴随熔体结晶的退变质年龄.由此确定该区中压相系变质作用压力峰期时间为~1.95 Ga,对应地壳加厚造山的峰期.加厚地壳由于重力均衡导致变质岩从深部地壳折返至中部地壳,在P-T轨迹上表现为压力峰期之后发生等温减压(ITD)至0.5~0.7 GPa,岩相学上表现为峰期石榴石分解形成斜长石"白眼圈"等,指示缺流体条件.南恒山北部高角闪岩相岩石中的变质锆石记录的折返时间为~1.92 Ga,指示第一次造山结束.第二期变质作用为中-低压型,系为板内变形所致,表现为折返至中地壳的岩石伴随挤压型剪切变形和流体注入形成平衡矿物组合.朱家坊韧性剪切带就是这次板内变形的强构造域,其中也记录了顺时针型P-T轨迹,但所反映的地壳加厚程度有限,第二期变质-变形峰期时间为~1.85 Ga.由于朱家坊韧性剪切带左行走滑,导致北恒山麻粒岩地体抬升.五台-恒山地区在1.80~1.96 Ga之间经历两期变质-变形事件,这一认识或对讨论华北克拉通其他地区的古元古代造山带演化有一定启示意义.   相似文献   

10.
山东沂水麻粒岩杂岩中的变质流体及地质意义   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
山东沂水麻粒岩杂岩中含有大量高密度富CO_2流体包裹体,伴随有CO_2-H2O,CO_2±N_2±cH_4的包裹体。对这些包裹体的产状、分布和组成等特征进行了详细的岩相学研究,并选择有代表性样品进行了显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析。结合本区地质和岩石学研究成果确定沂水麻粒岩杂岩峰期变质温度为800℃,压力为0.75GPa。对变质流体组成、演化及其成岩意义也进行了讨论。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

14.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
正The Kuqa depression deposited thick rock salt,which has a lower density than surrounding rocks.When salt bodies form a certain scale,obvious negative gravity anomalies can be detected in the surface.Therefore,gravitational method can quickly obtain the shape,plane distribution of deep-seated salt bodies and overall tectonic morphology of the basin.  相似文献   

16.
正1 Introduction The Pingluoba brine,which characterized as high concentration with sodium,potassium,boron,lithium,and rubidium,possess great development value.The main composition of the brine can be summarized to the  相似文献   

17.
正1 Introduction In the present paper,MgCl2·6H2O,FeCl3·6H2O,and CeCl3·6H2O were used as raw materials in the precipitationhydrothermal method to synthesize MgF eC e hydrotalcite.The effects of the Fe:Ce molar ratio on the composition,crystal structure,and thermal stability of hydrotalcite are examined.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-  相似文献   

18.
正1 Introduction Crystallization is one of important unit operations in the chemical production process,which requires not only the crystal product with high purity and yield,but also the available particle size of the crystal products to ensure product quality.Crystallization process is affected by  相似文献   

19.
正Dear Authors and Readers:First of all,on behalf of the new Editorial Board,I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your continuing support of our journal.This journal,founded in 1922,is the oldest geological journal in China.As the flagship journal of the Geological Society of China,it has become more and more influential in earth sciences in China and beyond.The journal is now indexed by SCI,CA and more than 20 other databases,with an impact  相似文献   

20.
正20141283 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geological Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Nature,Origin and Tectonic Setting of Jinzhou Basin in the South Segment of Xuefeng Orogen(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(4),2013,p.1079-1091,10 illus.,47 refs.)Key words:foreland basins,strike-slip faults,Hunan Province  相似文献   

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