共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
《中国煤炭地质》2020,(6)
根据樊庄区块主力煤层煤体结构和煤储层裂缝发育特征,结合构造变形分布规律以及现代构造应力场模拟,深入分析了构造作用对煤储层裂缝非均质性的控制机理。研究区褶皱构造比较发育,主要为轴向近NS的宽缓褶皱,褶皱轴部构造裂隙发育,对煤储层有利;煤层中断裂构造非常发育,以正断层为主,越靠近断层,煤层破碎越明显,裂隙越发育,但在寺头断层附近为强烈变形的软煤发育带,对煤储层不利。运用ANSYS有限元模拟软件模拟了研究区现代构造应力场分布特征,垂直主应力大小与煤层埋深正相关,随垂直主应力增大,裂缝则趋于闭合;最大水平主应力方向与煤储层主裂隙发育方向平行,所以主应力差值越大,越利于煤储层裂隙的开启。 相似文献
2.
《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(4)
构造裂缝的发育往往与褶皱、断层等构造密切相关,本文对钱塘坳陷南缘富阳–临安地区褶皱岩层中的同褶皱裂缝进行了研究。在褶皱翼部多发育与层面斜交的构造裂缝,具体表现为与层面高角度斜交构造裂缝较为发育,而与层面低角度相交的构造裂缝发育较少或不发育。其中,与层面高角度斜交的构造裂缝的特征与层间剪切作用下形成的裂缝特征不同。分析认为岩层褶皱初期主应变轴与层面平行或直交,在岩层褶皱变形过程中,主应变轴与层面高斜交。岩层外弧受到与层面不平行的拉伸,而内弧则受到与层面不平行的压缩作用。本文认为褶皱过程中应变轴的变化是导致岩层中形成与层面高角度斜交构造裂缝的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
围绕库车前陆盆地内某典型断层转折褶皱剖面,实测统计该剖面不同构造部位的剪切裂缝,分析断层转折褶皱中剪切裂缝的发育规律,进而建立断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝的发育模式。统计结果表明,研究区剪切裂缝有2种类型,一类是与岩层面高角度相交的高角度缝,广泛发育在构造各个部位;另一类是与层面近于平行的顺层裂缝,主要发育在断层面附近,并随岩层的变形,产状发生改变。远离断层面,剪切裂缝发育程度整体上呈减小趋势,下盘裂缝发育强度的减小大于上盘,上盘裂缝发育强度整体大于下盘。褶皱内层剪切裂缝较外层发育,褶皱两翼裂缝发育强度大于褶皱枢纽。断层产状的改变,会引起上盘运动状态的改变,使得在上盘活动轴面附近出现应力集中,局部剪切裂缝发育强度出现增大现象。断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝的发育模式可以分为3个阶段,断层形成前主要发育与层面高角度相交的区域性剪切裂缝;断层形成初期,断层面附近两盘牵引变形不明显,上盘穿过断坡下部破折点处活动轴面的部分会产生新的剪切裂缝,即与岩层高角度相交剪切缝和与断层面低角度相交剪切缝;牵引构造明显时,断层面附近两盘弯曲部位会产生顺层剪切裂缝,两翼的裂缝发育强度大于枢纽。 相似文献
4.
圆锥状褶皱是与圆柱状褶皱几何特征不同但又有一定联系的构造,在自然界并不少见,不仅可以出现于圆柱状褶皱的尾端,而且常见于多期构造变形迭加的地区。作者在辽宁省鞍本地区进行变质岩构造解析时,也遇到了多个不同尺度的圆锥状褶皱。 相似文献
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6.
南天山晚新生代褶皱冲断带构造特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
南天山晚新生代褶皱冲断带位于南天山南麓,是南天山陆内造山作用过程中,南天山造山楔向塔里木盆地推进的结果.褶皱冲断带的构造变形以挤压冲断构造为主,伴生有挤压走滑构造和盐相关构造.以盖层滑脱冲断为特征,伴生有基底卷入型冲断构造.褶皱冲断带的主滑脱冲断层由造山带向盆地方向逐渐抬升,而且,"厚皮"构造向造山带方向越来越发育,"薄皮"构造向盆地方向越来越发育.整个褶皱冲断带从东到西冲断作用发生的时间基本一致,起始于中新世中-晚期并一直持续到现今;冲断高峰发生于新近纪晚期-第四纪.褶皱冲断带的形成过程为前展式,由南天山向塔里木盆地推进.受地层剖面结构、沉积建造、基底起伏、所处的构造部位等因素控制,南天山褶皱冲断带的构造变形特征沿走向具有明显的分段性,从东到西划分出4个次级褶皱冲断带:库车、乌什、柯坪和喀什北褶皱冲断带.每个次级褶皱冲断带在共性的基础上,都有自己独特的构造变形特点. 相似文献
7.
铁法矿区煤储层裂隙系统评价与渗透率预测研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对铁法矿区矿井实际资料的研究,依据围岩节理及煤层裂隙的宏观、微观统计分析,探讨了煤储层孔裂隙的发育特征,对该区储层渗透率进行了预测.认为区内褶曲发育,褶皱轴部地带为裂隙发育带,煤层裂隙发育,连通性好,具备储层渗透性好的优势;受区域构造应力场控制,裂隙发育表现出明显的方向性,主裂隙发育的NW方向为渗透性优势方位. 相似文献
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9.
安徽黄栗树地区流变褶皱及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄栗树地区位于张八岭超高压变质带东侧,该区变形构造可以划分为基底韧性变形带、韧脆性构一岩带和流变褶皱带。流变褶皱构造发育于黄（栗树）－破（凉亭）断裂以东的震旦系和下古生界盖层岩系中,自北西向南东依次表现为翻转褶皱,平卧褶皱和倒转褶皱流变褶皱与基底韧性－韧脆性变形呈渐变关系,并且与基底韧性－韧脆性变形具有一致的变形运动学和动力学特征,反映了扬子地块与华北地块碰撞造山期及折返过程的构造变形特点。 相似文献
10.
总结了褶皱相关断裂发育机制的3个构造几何学模型:同心圆褶皱模型、膝折带褶皱模型和弯流褶皱模型。基于燕山中部中、新元古界地层中发育的5个露头尺度褶皱及其中、小型断裂构造的实例剖析,探讨了收缩变形过程中褶皱与断裂构造发育时序与褶皱相关断裂构造的产生机制。研究指出,规模与所在褶皱构造相当或略小的断裂构造当中,既有形成时间早于褶皱变形的断层,也有在褶皱变形过程中调节褶皱不同部位应变差异的褶皱相关断裂构造,而且卷入后期变形的早期断裂可能成为制约褶皱成核位置的影响因素,以及成为枢纽叠覆楔构造的形成方式之一。断层位移-距离曲线特征和断层与褶皱变形几何学、运动学关系分析,可用来判断断层、褶皱变形发生相对时序。认为影响褶皱相关断裂构造发育的机制主要有3种:(1)纵弯滑褶皱作用中,翼部顺层滑动受到限制而无法持续时,将通过断层向上切层的方式予以调节,从而形成翼部或转折端揳入逆冲断裂以及背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲断层;(2)各种因素导致的褶皱曲率变化是褶皱相关断裂产生的重要机制之一,褶皱曲率变化可由褶皱轴面的合并和新生直观反映,轴面合并引起褶皱曲率变化的层位,可能是诱发褶皱相关断裂,如背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲构造开始产生的重要部位;(3)能干性差异和强硬层之间距离较大的岩层组合发生纵弯褶皱变形时,软弱岩系在褶皱核部的聚集和逃逸,是迫使递进收缩的强硬层产生褶皱相关断裂构造的重要机制。 相似文献
11.
This paper presents the development of a discrete fracture model of fully coupled compressible fluid flow, adsorption and geomechanics to investigate the dynamic behaviour of fractures in coal. The model is applied in the study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration and differs from the dual porosity model developed in our previous work, with fractures now represented explicitly using lower-dimensional interface elements. The model consists of the fracture-matrix fluid transport model, the matrix deformation model and the stress-strain model for fracture deformation. A sequential implicit numerical method based on Galerkin finite element is employed to numerically solve the coupled governing equations, and verification is completed using published solutions as benchmarks. To explore the dynamic behaviour of fractures for understanding the process of carbon sequestration in coal, the model is used to investigate the effects of gas injection pressure and composition, adsorption and matrix permeability on the dynamic behaviour of fractures. The numerical results indicate that injecting nonadsorbing gas causes a monotonic increase in fracture aperture; however, the evolution of fracture aperture due to gas adsorption is complex due to the swelling-induced transition from local swelling to macro swelling. The change of fracture aperture is mainly controlled by the normal stress acting on the fracture surface. The fracture aperture initially increases for smaller matrix permeability and then declines after reaching a maximum value. When the local swelling becomes global, fracture aperture starts to rebound. However, when the matrix permeability is larger, the fracture aperture decreases before recovering to a higher value and remaining constant. Gas mixtures containing more carbon dioxide lead to larger closure of fracture aperture compared with those containing more nitrogen. 相似文献
12.
断层相关褶皱对裂缝的控制作用主要体现在岩层的几何形态对裂缝方位的影响和变形对岩石破裂的控制程度。本文在断层相关褶皱概念模型的基础上提出了裂缝域,并以Suppe的平行膝折概念模型为对象,利用几何学方法对模型中区域性裂缝的裂缝域进行分区描述,并提出了断层相关褶皱的曲线概念模型中区域性裂缝的分布规律。以新疆卡普沙良河一处断层转折褶皱剖面上裂缝的实测数据为依据,对模型进行验证,发现测量结果同模型基本一致。该方法为前陆冲断带地区断层相关褶皱对裂缝控制作用的定量预测提供了一种全新的思路。 相似文献
13.
油气储层中构造裂缝发育与有限应变状态关系密切,为了探索有限应变分析与构造裂缝预测的新技术方法,此次研究设计完成了一组单侧挤压收敛模型的物理模拟实验,并引入粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)技术对实验过程进行了定量化分析。实验模型在垂向上为含粘性层的多层结构,实验结果形成了一个肉眼可见的箱状褶皱。通过PIV技术可以获取实验模型变形演化过程中各阶段的位移场数据,计算出各阶段的增量应变,实现从初始状态到褶皱形成之后整个变形过程的有限应变分析,探讨构造裂缝成因机制和分布规律,进行定量化裂缝预测。挤压变形过程初期,应变分布范围很广,有限应变较弱(约4%~8%),在挤压方向上的线应变表现为弱压应变,在垂向上的线应变表现为弱张应变,这种现象是褶皱和断层产生前平行层缩短和层增厚的纯剪变形结果,也是区域型张裂缝和剪裂缝形成的主要机制。褶皱和断层即将发育之时至发育之后,应变局限在断层发育的剪切带及附近区域,有限应变表现为较强(达20%)的剪切应变和剪切张应变,是断层面附近简单剪切变形作用的结果,也是局部型剪裂缝和张剪裂缝形成的主要机制。 相似文献
14.
川东北巴中—通南巴地区须家河组致密砂岩储层裂缝发育特征及控制因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以岩芯及野外观察、分析测试、测井等资料为基础,分析了川东北巴中—通南巴地区致密砂岩储层裂缝的类型及成因,结合裂缝充填矿物包裹体分析,厘定裂缝形成期次。在此基础上,探讨了岩性组合、岩层厚度、断层、褶皱变形强度对裂缝发育的控制作用。研究表明:研究区须家河组裂缝具有多成因、多期次、差异分布的特点。主要发育构造裂缝,且主要分布于致密砂岩储层中,可划分为3期:燕山中期(中侏罗世)的NNW和NWW向共轭构造缝,被细粒方解石充填;燕山晚期(白垩纪)的NE向断层、褶皱伴生高角度缝,被粗粒方解石或石英充填;喜马拉雅期(古近纪)的NW和近SN向断层伴生缝,被粗粒方解石半充填或未充填。成岩裂缝和超压裂缝的成因与黏土矿物失水收缩及烃源岩大量生烃引起的流体增压有关,主要形成时间为晚侏罗世—早白垩世。裂缝发育的差异性主要受控于岩性组合、地层厚度、断层及褶皱变形强度,单层厚度小、距断层距离近、褶皱变形强度大的中、细砂岩储层,裂缝最为发育。 相似文献
15.
Fracture Length Estimation from Borehole Image Logs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sait Ismail Özkaya 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(6):737-753
We describe a method to estimate fracture length for circular fractures from borehole image logs. The relative frequency of fractures, which have complete circumference trace on image logs is related to fracture length. A simple functional relationship can be derived for the relative frequency of complete fracture traces in terms of average fracture inclination to borehole, borehole diameter and fracture length. This formulation however, tends to underestimate fracture length because a constant length is assumed. A more accurate length estimate can be obtained by assuming that fracture length is linearly correlated to fracture aperture or spacing. Cumulative frequency distribution of fracture aperture and spacing can be obtained from borehole image logs. The problem then transforms itself to finding the scaling factor between fracture length and aperture (or spacing) from the relative frequency of fractures with complete traces. The product of the scaling factor and average fracture spacing (or aperture) gives the average fracture length. 相似文献
16.
<正>The western Sichuan Basin,which is located at the front of the Longmen Mountains in the west of Sichuan Province,China,is a foreland basin formed in the Late Triassic.The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation is a tight gas sandstone reservoir with low porosity and ultra-low permeability, whose gas accumulation and production are controlled by well-developed fracture zones.There are mainly three types of fractures developed in the Upper Triassic tight gas sandstones,namely tectonic fractures,diagenetic fractures and overpressure-related fractures,of which high-angle tectonic fractures are the most important.The tectonic fractures can be classified into four sets,i.e.,N-S-,NE-, E-W- and NW-striking fractures.In addition,there are a number of approximately horizontal shear fractures in some of the medium-grained sandstones and grit stones nearby the thrusts or slip layers. Tectonic fractures were mainly formed at the end of the Triassic,the end of the Cretaceous and the end of the Neogene-Early Pleistocene.The development degree of tectonic fractures was controlled by lithology,thickness,structure,stress and fluid pressure.Overpressure makes not only the rock shear strength decrease,but also the stress state change from compression to tension.Thus,tensional fractures can be formed in fold-thrust belts.Tectonic fractures are mainly developed along the NE- and N-S-striking structural belts,and are the important storage space and the principal flow channels in the tight gas sandstone.The porosity of fractures here is 28.4%of the gross reservoir porosity,and the permeability of fractures being two or three grades higher than that of the matrix pores.Four sets of high-angle tectonic fractures and horizontal shear fractures formed a good network system and controlled the distribution and production of gas in the tight sandstones. 相似文献
17.
The response of deformable fractures to changes in fluid pressure controls phenomena ranging from the flow of fluids near wells to the propagation of hydraulic fractures. We developed an analysis designed to simulate fluid flows in the vicinity of asperity‐supported fractures at rest, or fully open fractures that might be propagating. Transitions between at‐rest and propagating fractures can also be simulated. This is accomplished by defining contact aperture as the aperture when asperities on a closing fracture first make contact. Locations on a fracture where the aperture is less than the contact aperture are loaded by both fluid pressure and effective stress, whereas locations where the aperture exceeds the contact aperture are loaded only by fluid pressure. Fluid pressure and effective stress on the fracture are determined as functions of time by solving equations of continuity in the fracture and matrix, and by matching the global displacements of the fracture walls to the local deformation of asperities. The resulting analysis is implemented in a numerical code that can simulate well tests or hydraulic fracturing operations. Aperture changes during hydraulic well tests can be measured in the field, and the results predicted using this analysis are similar to field observations. The hydraulic fracturing process can be simulated from the inflation of a pre‐existing crack, to the propagation of a fracture, and the closure of the fracture to rest on asperities or proppant. Two‐dimensional, multi‐phase fluid flow in the matrix is included to provide details that are obscured by simplifications of the leakoff process (Carter‐type assumptions) used in many hydraulic fracture models. Execution times are relatively short, so it is practical to implement this code with parameter estimation algorithms to facilitate interpretation of field data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
The role of shear dilation as a mechanism of enhancing fluid flow permeability in naturally fractured reservoirs was mainly recognized in the context of hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal reservoir stimulation. Simplified models based on shear slippage only were developed and their applications to evaluate HDR geothermal reservoir stimulation were reported. Research attention is recently focused to adjust this stimulation mechanism for naturally fractured oil and gas reservoirs which reserve vast resources worldwide. This paper develops the overall framework and basic formulations of this stimulation model for oil and gas reservoirs. Major computational modules include: natural fracture simulation, response analysis of stimulated fractures, average permeability estimation for the stimulated reservoir and prediction of an average flow direction. Natural fractures are simulated stochastically by implementing ‘fractal dimension’ concept. Natural fracture propagation and shear displacements are formulated by following computationally efficient approximate approaches interrelating in situ stresses, natural fracture parameters and stimulation pressure developed by fluid injection inside fractures. The average permeability of the stimulated reservoir is formulated as a function of discretized gridblock permeabilities by applying cubic law of fluid flow. The average reservoir elongation, or the flow direction, is expressed as a function of reservoir aspect ratio induced by directional permeability contributions. The natural fracture simulation module is verified by comparing its results with observed microseismic clouds in actual naturally fractured reservoirs. Permeability enhancement and reservoir growth are characterized with respect to stimulation pressure, in situ stresses and natural fracture density applying the model to two example reservoirs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
通过对野外露头和井下岩心构造裂缝的观察和描述,及其性质、产状、密度、强度、开度、充填程度和充填物等测
量要素的观测和统计,对库车前陆冲断带山前构造裂缝发育特征及分布规律进行了综合分析。该区主要发育三组近南北走
向的剪裂缝和张剪裂缝,裂缝倾角总体以大于45°的高角度缝和垂直缝为主,野外和岩心裂缝开度分别以0~5 mm和0~1mm
为主,裂缝多未充填或半充填,充填物以钙质充填为主。裂缝各参数的分布呈现出东西分段,南北分带的特点,以克拉苏
-依奇克里克构造带的裂缝密度和强度最高。具体到层位上,库车东部以下侏罗统阿合组裂缝最为发育,库车西部则以下
白垩统巴什基齐克组砂岩的裂缝密度最高。总体上,库车坳陷构造裂缝十分发育,有益于致密储层孔渗条件的改善,有利
于裂缝型油气藏的形成。 相似文献
20.
柿庄北地区位于沁水盆地东南部,是我国重要的煤层气产区。煤层裂缝作为主要的渗流通道,对煤层气高产富集起到重要控制作用。该区山西组3号煤层中褶皱轴部走向为近南北向,野外露头区发育一组共轭剪裂缝,优势方位为NW与近EW向,其次是近SN向。根据构造形迹确定燕山期应力场以SEE105°挤压为主。利用水力加砂压裂法对现今井点目的层地应力进行计算,通过古地磁定向与声速各向异性确定现今最大水平主应力方向为NE55°。将煤层构造与地表起伏形态作为主要影响因素,采用有限元法对燕山期及现今地应力场进行数值模拟,利用弹性力学理论对裂缝参数进行计算,计算结果认为柿庄北3号裂缝孔隙度、渗透率普遍较小,整体上中部背斜区 > 中部平缓区 > 东部单斜区 > 中部向斜区 > 西部地区。模拟的裂隙特征与实测数据所反映的裂缝特征相近,单井产气量高的地区,裂隙较发育。 相似文献