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1.
地幔捕虏体中的流体-熔体包裹体 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地幔流体的研究现已成为国内外前沿课题。地幔岩捕虏体中的流体-熔体包裹体是地幔流体的直接证据,通过对它们的研究可以直接获取地授流体的信息。包裹体按相态特征主要有三类：二氧化碳流体包裹体、二氧化碳-硅酸盐熔体包裹体、硫化物-熔体流体包裹体。本总结了地幔岩中流体-熔体包裹体的基本特征、微量元素地球化学、硫化物-熔体包裹体和二氧化碳流体包裹体稳定同位素特征的研究进展状况。讨论认为：地幔流体是由C、H、O、S等元素的挥发份和硅酸盐熔体组成;上地幔流体在化学成分上明显富含CO2、硫化物、LILE和BEE,它引起地幔交代作用和地授部分熔融;上地授流体的分布存在不均匀性,其组成也存在地区性差异。 相似文献
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地幔矿物中CO2流体包裹体的微量元素特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
本文在镜下观测基础上，挑选富含CO2包裹体的地幔橄榄岩的橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石样品，运用热爆法提取和ICP—MS技术，直接测定了单矿物中CO2流体包裹体的稀土和微量元素含量。在同样条件下，采用四极质谱法测定了CO2等气相成分，并以CO2含量为参考值，得出流体中的微量元素相对含量。热爆样品的显微镜观测表明，靠近颗粒表面的较大的CO2包裹体在1000℃爆裂时均已破裂，所测定的REE和其他微量元素主要来自CO2包裹体。CO2流体／球粒陨石标准化的REE数据表明，地幔CO2流体相对于地幔岩或地幔矿物而言，富集稀土元素，特别是轻稀土元素，LREE／HREE为1．53～11．96，REE分馏程度较大，(La／Yb)N一般大于1。CO2流体／上地幔岩石标准化值研究表明，除Co、Ni外，铁族元素在地幔流体中趋于贫化；Cu、Mo、W、Bi、Ag等热液矿床的重金属成矿元素在地幔CO2流体中富集。 相似文献
3.
山东金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床的流体包裹体REE组成 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
文章运用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）方法，研究了金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床的脉石英中流体包裹体REE组成特征，结果表明流体包裹体的REE均为LREE富集型，并显示Eu正异常。成矿流体REE配分模式和REE参数特征表明它们具有相当的来源。与金矿有关的成矿母岩，即昆嵛山花岗岩和七宝山次火山岩的REE特征也极为相似，反映成矿流体的REE组成都有从成岩向成矿过程演化继承的关系。矿床流体包裹体REE组成的相似特征及矿床碳氧同位素等特点表明，金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床是华北东部中生代同一构造热事件的产物。 相似文献
4.
雷琼新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体矿物中的流体─熔体包裹体的REE组成特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雷琼地区新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体的１２件单矿物稀土元素中子活化分析表明，雷州和琼北地幔岩包体中不含流体－熔体包裹体的同类矿物的ＲＥＥ组成有明显差异，反映了雷州与琼北玄武岩地幔源区ＲＥＥ组成的不均一性。通过对比同一地幔岩包体中含包裹体与不含包裹体相同矿物的微量元素组成，发现雷琼地幔岩包体矿物中的流体－熔体包裹体富含ＲＥＥ，尤其是ＬＲＥＥ；并且不同产地地幔包体同类矿物中和同一包体不同矿物中包裹体的丰度及其ＲＥＥ含量也有明显差异，表明地幔流体本身也存在不均一性。 相似文献
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雷琼新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体矿物中的流体—熔体包裹体的REE组成特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
雷琼地区新生代玄武岩中地幔岩包体的１２件单矿物稀土元素中子活化分析表明，雷州和琼北地幔岩包体中不含流体－熔体包裹体的同类矿物的ＲＥＥ组成有明显差异，反映了雷州与琼北玄武岩地幔源区ＲＥＥ组成的不均一性。通过对比同一地幔岩包体中含包裹体与不含包裹体相同矿物的微量元素组成，发现雷琼地幔岩包体矿物中的流体－熔体包裹体富含ＲＥＥ，尤其是ＬＲＥＥ；并且不同产地地幔包体同类矿物中和同一包体不同矿物中包裹体的丰度 相似文献
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上地幔流体的性质和作用——从女山幔源二辉橄榄岩捕虏体获得的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
玄武岩浆从地幔深处挟带上来的超镁铁质捕虏体含有地幔流体的直接证据,它们对于阐明地幔深部地质作用(部分熔融作用、地幔交代作用)的机制十分重要。女山幔源二辉橄榄岩的研究结果表明,初始的地幔流体除富含CO_2外,尚含有H_2O和少量CO、CH_4、SO_2、C1、F。地幔中的初始流体(挥发组分)在源部是溶解于地幔橄揽岩的高压固体矿物相中,它们在地幔上隆减压时出溶,形成细小的最早期流体包裹体。这些自由流体相在一定部应聚集,使得地幔固相线(和液相线)下降,引起上地幔发生减压部分熔融。初始的部分熔融主要发生于矿物边界,以单斜辉石最易遭受,形成矿物边缘的海绵状部分熔融带。当地幔剪切流动时,初始的部分熔融体珠滴联合成大的珠滴,并开始渗透,在变形橄榄岩中相连成脉状网络,晚期含C0_2岩浆包裹体及填隙玻璃即为其代表。由于剪裂作用,熔体(和流体)压裂开上覆橄榄岩,产生岩墙状通道,并在上地幔的某些低压区聚集成岩浆库。流体和熔体均为地幔交代作用的介质。在流体参与下,上地幔低度部分熔融产生的熔体将高度富集不相容元素。这些熔体和流体与亏损地幔间的相互作用,可以带来不相容元素重大的局部富集。当流体(和熔体)中H_2O浓度低时,仅发生隐交代作用;当H_2O浓度较高时,部分熔融程度也较高,相应有含水相(如角闪石等)成核,出现矿物交代作用。 相似文献
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地幔岩中流体包裹体研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
地幔岩石中的流体包裹体代表地幔流体的样品。地幔流体包裹体可以存在从地幔来的金刚石,地幔捕虏体和岩浆碳酸岩中。研究这些岩石和矿物中的流体包裹体可以得出其所代表的地幔流体的温度、压力、成分和同位素。我们目前见到的这三类地幔岩石的包裹体主要可在橄榄石、辉石、金刚石、方解石和磷灰石中见到。这些包裹体可以粗略地分为CO2包襄体和硅酸盐熔融体包裹体。又可细分为四类包裹体：（1）富碳酸盐的硅酸盐熔融包裹体。这种包裹体在金刚石、地幔岩捕虏体和岩浆碳酸盐岩中见到,它又可分为结晶质熔融包裹体和玻璃包裹体。（2）CO2包裹体。这种包裹体大多见于地幔捕虏体中,在金刚石和岩浆碳酸岩中也可见到。（3）含硫化物的包裹体。这种包裹体见于地幔捕虏体中,与纯CO2包裹体和含CO2的熔融包裹体共存。（4）高密度的流体包裹体。这种包裹体见于金刚石中,是一种高盐度、高密度的含K、Cl和H2O的流体包裹体,又可分为高卤水包裹体和含卤水的富硅的碳酸盐岩浆包裹体。从对金刚石、地幔捕虏体和岩浆碳酸盐岩中流体包裹体的研究表明,地幔流体存在不均匀性和不混溶性。 相似文献
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四川牦牛坪稀土矿床成因研究——来自包裹体的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
四川牦牛坪稀土矿床是中国的第二大轻稀土矿床。碳酸岩-正长岩杂岩体是矿区主要的围岩,萤石是主要的脉石矿物。在四川冕宁牦牛坪稀土矿床霓辉重晶石型矿体早期萤石中笔者发现了大量的流体-熔体包裹体,对萤石矿物包裹体研究结果表明,牦牛坪矿床的晚期萤石矿物中至少存在6种类型包裹体：（1）气液包裹体（V-L）;（2）含CO2三相包裹体（L-L-V）;（3）含有少量子晶的多相包裹体（L-V-D或L-L-V-D）;（4）流体-熔体包裹体或多子晶包裹体（L-L-V-MS）;（5）固体包裹体（S）和（6）已经爆裂的高压包裹体等。各种类型的包裹体代表了不同的成岩阶段,并存在成因上的内在联系。气液包裹体（V-L）初融温度为-24．5--22．0℃,冰点温度为-2．5～-6．0℃,盐度为4．2％～9．2％。均一温度集中在142-146℃。含CO2三相包裹体（L—L—V）Tm-CO2为-56．6℃,Tm-clathe为＋2．1-＋10．0℃,盐度为0．1％～13．0％;Th-CO2为＋25～＋30．3℃,均一温度为230～265℃。含子晶的多相包裹体（L—V—D或L-L—V—D）子晶溶化温度在260～285℃之间,与前两类包裹体具有明显的成因上联系。流体-熔体包裹体或多子晶包裹体（L—L—V—MS）CO2含量约为10vol％;固相成分含量30vol％到90vol％,为长板状或立方体子晶,有些子晶呈圆形,正高突起,一轴负晶,可能为稀土碳酸盐矿物;Tm-CO2为-65．0～-58．0℃,初熔温度为-55．0--52．0℃,Th-CO2为＋26．5～＋28．3℃,气体水合物溶解温度为＋26．0～＋31．0℃;CO2相在220～276℃均一到水溶液相。固体组分一般会出现4次明显的溶解过程,即200～240℃、240—300℃、270～370℃和370～720℃四个阶段。包裹体的显微测温和拉曼成分分析结果显示早期流体中富含H2O、CO2、H2S和心等挥发分,并富含大量的重晶石、氟碳铈矿的子矿物,晚期成矿流体中则以H2O和CO2为主。根据矿床地质特征和矿物包裹体的研究结果,我们认为源区地幔岩石的低程度部分熔融形成富集稀土的碱性碳酸岩岩浆,侵位过程中产生液态不混熔现象,分异出携带大量高度富集REE的富F和CO2的高温流体,并主要以气相形式迁移稀土元素,在气成热液阶段REE富集成矿。矿床的成矿作用是由碳酸岩岩浆气液流体的沸腾、充填和交代过程而实现的。萤石的形成经历了气相迁移、深部成岩、上升交代、侵位成岩的过程。萤石的形成与稀土矿化有密切的关系。 相似文献
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针对松辽盆地南部的双辽火山群中碱性玄武岩及包含其中的地幔捕掳体的普通薄片鉴定、岩石地球化学分析、流体包裹体显微岩相学和激光拉曼光谱分析,研究表明:双辽火山岩以碱性橄榄玄武岩为主,玄武岩中的地幔捕掳体比较发育;对玄武岩斑晶以及地幔捕掳体中的流体-熔融包裹体测试显示玄武岩中的橄榄石斑晶和地幔捕掳体中的流体-熔融包裹体十分发育,其成分主要是CO2,此外还含有少量的CO,CH4,N2和H2O,与上地幔中的自由流体相组分一致。松辽盆地南部的CO2气藏主要是幔源-岩浆成因,成藏时间较晚,主要在新生代,与双辽火山活动的时间接近。尽管双辽火山活动规模较小,但是具有很强的释出CO2的能力,这些富含CO2和H2O的碱性玄武质岩浆很可能并未喷出地表,而是沿着深大断裂进入盆地内部,从而成为松南无机CO2气藏气源体之一。 相似文献
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We discuss the concept of components in the Earth's mantle startingfrom a petrological and geochemical approach, but adopting anew method of projection of geochemical and isotopic data. Thisallows the compositional variability of magmatic associationsto be evaluated in multi-dimensional space, thus simultaneouslyaccounting for a large number of compositional variables. Wedemonstrate that ocean island basalts (OIB) and mid-ocean ridgebasalts (MORB) are derived from a marble-cake mantle, in whichdifferent degrees of partial melting of recycled lithosphere,which are heterogeneous in age and composition, contribute tothe magma genesis. This view is supported by the variabilityin the geochemical and isotopic signatures of OIB that are observedon the scale of a single ocean island as well as on that ofan ocean, mostly varying between two extreme compositions, thatare not strictly related to the commonly accepted mantle components(DMM, EMI, EMII, HIMU). Rather they are a distinctive featureof the mantle source sampled at each ocean island and are stronglydependent on the Pb isotope system. We recommend a change inperspective in studies of MORB–OIB geochemistry from onebased on physically distinct mantle components to a model basedon the existence of a marble-cake-like upper mantle. Althoughresembling the statistical upper mantle, this model impliesthat geochemical homogenization can be attained only withinthe limits of local mantle composition, so that a world-wideuniform depleted reservoir cannot be sampled by simply extendingthe volume of the region undergoing partial melting. KEY WORDS: geochemistry; isotope; mantle; OIB 相似文献
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Compositions of Upper Mantle Fluids Beneath Eastern China: Implications for Mantle Evolution 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHANG Mingjie WANG Xianbin LIU Gang ZHANG Tongwei BO WenruiInstitute of Geological Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu Key Lab of Gas-Geochemistry Lanzhou Institute of Geology CAS Lanzhou Gansu First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):125-130
The composition of gases trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in Iherzolite xenoliths collected from different locations in eastern China has been measured by the vacuum stepped-heating mass spectrometry. These xenoliths are hosted in alkali basalts and considered as residues of partial melting of the upper mantle, and may contain evidence of mantle evolution. The results show that various kinds of fluid inclusions in Iherzolite xenoliths have been released at distinct times, which could be related to different stages of mantle evolution. In general, primitive fluids of the upper mantle (PFUM) beneath eastern China are dominated by H2, CO2 and CO, and are characterized by high contents of H2 and reduced gases. The compositions of PFUM are highly variable and related to tectonic settings. CO, CO2 and H2 are the main components of the PFUM beneath cratons; the PFUM in the mantle enriched in potassic metasomatism in the northern part of northeastern China has a high content of H2, while CO2 a 相似文献
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Mantle plumes and plate motions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
J.Tuzo Wilson 《Tectonophysics》1973,19(2):149-164
This paper elaborates the hypothesis that convection plumes may be rising from the lower mantle to spread out in the asthenosphere and drive lithospheric plates about and thus possibly provide the primary mechanism which governs the behaviour of the earth's surface. The paper notes some characteristics of plumes and identifies more than thirty by the hot spots which overlie them. Most lie close to mid-ocean ridges and have produced aseismic ridges trending away from them on either plate. A few have been overridden by plates to produce single, isolated chains of seamounts and islands. One plume may have uplifted the Colorado Plateau. Such distinctions serve to identify five types of hot spots.Most plates are in motion over the lower mantle. They are considered to be driven by the plumes, but their paths are influenced by interactions with other plates. Some temporarily become more or less stationary relative to the lower mantle. It is held that stationary plates, of which Africa and Southeast Asia may be present examples, develop special characteristics among which much volcanism, epeirogenic uplift, rifting and the development of basins and swells are diagnostic.It is well-known that if two plates approach one another at a subduction zone that a continental plate generally overrides an oceanic one. It is here suggested that the question of which plate is more nearly stationary over the mantle is important and determines the character of the continental margin. It is held that, if a continental plate advances over an oceanic one which is fixed over the mantle, a migrating marginal trench and mountains of Andean type with huge batholiths will form on the leading edge of the continent. On the other hand, if a continental plate is fixed and one or more oceanic plates are advancing and sliding under it, island arcs (and, when a collision with another continent occurs, mountains of Appalachian type) will form along each coast towards which a plate is advancing. 相似文献
16.
成矿作用研究表明 ,在地球的演化历史中 ,成矿数量有从少到多 ,聚矿能力有由弱到强的演化趋势。中生代为全球规模的成矿大爆发阶段 ,究其原因可能与地球的发展演化密切相关。地球形成的早期 ,由于地球物质尚未充分分异 ,成矿强度不大。当然 ,有部分在地球演化早期形成的矿床 ,在后来的多次构造改造过程中被改造迁移 ,甚至消失。中生代地球进入了一个强烈的地幔热柱活动时期 ,聚集于D”层及外核的成矿物质可通过地幔热柱多级演化向上迁移 ,并在幔枝构造的有利构造扩容带中成矿 ,幔枝构造则成为中生代主要的成矿控矿构造类型 相似文献
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Petrology of Mantle Xenoliths from Harrat al Kishb: The Mantle beneath Western Saudi Arabia 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
Tertiary to Recent continental rifting and sea floor spreadingformed the Red Sea. Mantle xenoliths from the Saudi ArabianRed Sea margin provide an opportunity to study the mantle beneaththe flanks of this young ocean basin. The Harrat al Kishb mantlexenolith suite consists of Cr-diopside group spinel harzburgiteand lherzolite mantle wall rock, and a variety of pyroxenitesproduced by crystallization from mafic magmas within the mantle.The pyroxenites include two texturally distinct varieties ofCr-diopside group spinel websterites, and Al-augite group spinelpyroxenite, garnet-spinel websterite, and garnet-bearing spinelclinopyroxenite. All Harrat al Kishb xenoliths are deformedto some degree and many are recrystallized. Mineral exsolutionand zoning textures indicate reequilibration to decreasing temperatureconditions. Several xenoliths provide evidence for metasomaticprocesses in the mantle beneath western Saudi Arabia. Estimates of peridotite temperatures are 900–980?C withpressure bracketed between 13 and 19 kb. Al-augite spinel pyroxenitesyield temperatures of 1050–1070?C. Garnet-spinel websteritesyield temperatures and pressures in the range 1000–1030?C,13.8–16.5 kb. These P-T estimates show that mantle temperatures are elevatedwell above those predicted by low surface heat flow measurements.Mantle heating associated with rifting is young enough thatsurface heat flow has not yet equilibrated. The xenolith dataare consistent with a model of asthenosphere upwelling beneaththe Red Sea rift. Comparison of xenolith data with existingseismic refraction data reveals a coherent picture of the compositionof the western Saudi Arabian lithosphere. 相似文献
18.
MASUSDA Akimasa 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(5):1109-1121
Rare earth element (REE) contents, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were measured for three suites of mantle xenoliths from the Kuandian, Hannuoba and Huinan volcanoes in the north of the Sino-Korean Platform. From the correlations of Yb contents with Al/Si and Ca/Si ratios, the peridotites are considered to be the residues of partial melting of the primitive mantle. The chondrite-normalized REE compositions are diverse, varying from strongly LREE-depleted to LREE-enriched, with various types of REE patterns. Metasomatic alteration by small-volume silicate melts, of mantle peridotites previously variably depleted due to fractional melting in the spinel peridotite field, can account for the diversity of REE patterns. The Sr/ Ba versus La/Ba correlation indicates that the metasomatic agent was enriched in Ba over Sr and La, suggestive of its volatile-rich signature and an origin by fluid-triggered melting in an ancient subduction zone. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of these xenoliths, even from 相似文献
19.
Characteristics of Upper Mantle Activity in the South China Sea Region and the Indochina Mantle Plume 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
WU Nengyou ZENG Weijun LI Zhenwu CHEN Yizhong WEN Xiwen DU Deli LI Guosheng Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey MGMR PO Box Guangzhou 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(4):464-476
According to computed results of the mantle traction field beneath the lithosphere based on satellite-modelled gravity anomalies of different degrees, it has been revealed that the three types of mantle convection on different scales existing in the South China Sea region is the key factor controlling the geodynamics. The mantle convection models on large and middle scales have been proved by natural seismic S-wave tomographic data and interpreted by using the present mantle plume concept In consideration of other relevant geological and geophysical data, the authors put emphasis on discussing the expression form, origin and age of the Indochina mantle plume and its important effect on the conversion of organic matter and hydrocarbon accumulation in Cenozoic basins. 相似文献