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1.
天然丝光沸石表面重构改性及其在水中去除重金属的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
天然丝光沸石作为一种绿色廉价多孔材料广泛应用于环境治理中去除重金属,目前报道的天然沸石对重金属的去除率多在60%～90%,提升其去除效率已成为研究热点。本文采用正硅酸乙酯对天然丝光沸石进行表面重构改性,通过TEM、XRD、BET等手段表征其形貌和结构。结果表明:正硅酸乙酯水解生成的SiO_2可与天然丝光沸石复合形成新颖的"SiO_2/丝光沸石",原沸石表面包覆了新生纳米SiO_2孔结构,同时没有损坏原始沸石的多孔结构,使改性沸石材料兼具了天然丝光沸石和纳米SiO_2孔结构优点,增强了对重金属离子的吸附能力。该改性材料对水中Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Mn~(2+)的最高吸附率为99. 3%、97. 1%、98. 3%和97. 0%,且极少解吸,性能稳定。考虑经济成本并保证合适吸附率的情况下选择吸附效率最佳的投加量,得到改性材料对初始浓度10 mg/L的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)溶液的最佳投加量分别为0. 5 g/L、2 g/L、2 g/L、5 g/L,可为中试和规模应用提供参考。较之焙烧、酸、碱、盐和有机改性,本改性方式对多种重金属均有高的吸附率,并显现出操作简便、成本低和环境友好等优势,具有较好应用前景。 相似文献
2.
研究了ZH型重金属螯合纤维对水溶液中Sr~(2+)的吸附行为,考察了pH值、纤维加入量、Sr~(2+)初始浓度、作用时间等对吸附行为的影响,并采用SEM、EDS和FTIR等现代分析测试手段探讨了ZH型重金属螯合纤维对Sr~(2+)的吸附机制。结果表明,在pH值为7.0、纤维加入量为2.0 g/L、Sr~(2+)初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的条件下,纤维对Sr~(2+)的吸附在4 h左右基本达到平衡。实验条件下ZH型重金属螯合纤维对Sr~(2+)的最大吸附量可达26.22 mg/g。等温吸附拟合结果表明,ZH型重金属螯合纤维对Sr~(2+)的吸附可能是以单分子层为主的单分子层和多分子层吸附共同作用的结果。纤维对Sr~(2+)的动力学吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。红外光谱分析表明Sr~(2+)与纤维上—NH_2和—COOH等基团进行配位络合从而吸附在纤维表面,—CH_2—和C=CH_2等基团参与此吸附过程。能谱分析表明Sr~(2+)与纤维上Na~+和Ca~(2+)还存在着离子交换作用。 相似文献
3.
磁铁矿是一种绿色廉价的矿物材料,对水体中重金属离子具有良好的吸附性,但吸附容量低,选择性差,易团聚,通过改性可以克服该缺点并提高其吸附性能。本文以腐植酸为改性剂,采用常温水相反应制备了腐植酸改性磁铁矿吸附材料。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征研究其表面形貌和微观结构。采用静态平衡实验考察了pH、吸附时间等因素对铅、镉吸附性能的影响,探讨了吸附动力学规律,拟合了吸附等温线。结果表明:腐植酸上的羧基、羟基被成功地接枝到了磁铁矿表面。在室温下,溶液初始pH对Pb~(2+)的吸附率几乎无影响,对Cd~(2+)的影响较大,当pH=7时,Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)吸附率均达到了95%。对初始质量浓度为10mg/L的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)最佳吸附平衡时间为360min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。吸附等温线实验得到的竞争吸附顺序为Pb~(2+)Cd~(2+),由Langmuir等温吸附模型得到Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)饱和吸附容量分别为39.27mg/g、28.95mg/g,显著大于磁铁矿的饱和吸附容量,表明磁铁矿经腐植酸改性后增强了对水中铅镉的吸附能力。 相似文献
4.
鱼腥藻对某些金属离子的吸附效应研究（Ⅰ） 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
初步探讨了鱼腥藻对Mn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的生物吸附特性;研究了金属离子浓度与溶液pH值对吸附行为的影响;展示了某些藻类在分离富集中的应用前景。 相似文献
5.
以合成针铁矿为原料,通过煅烧法获得比表面积分别为85.74和22.65 m2/g的多孔纳米赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿,通过静态实验探究了针铁矿和煅烧产物的Sb(Ⅲ)吸附性能.结果 表明,Sb(Ⅲ)吸附效率为赤铁矿＞磁赤铁矿＞针铁矿,其前二者效率显著高于针铁矿.Sb(Ⅲ)在3种矿物表面的吸附均为快速的化学吸附,吸附在2h内即可接近平衡,符合准二级动力学反应和Freundlich等温吸附模型,为自发进行的吸热反应,升高温度有利于反应的进行.在45 ℃、pH=7的条件下,针铁矿、赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿的最大吸附量分别可达16.04、50.44和33.53 mg/g.pH对赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿的Sb(Ⅲ)吸附效率影响不大,但pH升高会导致针铁矿的吸附能力降低.CO32-、SiO44-、PO43-和胡敏酸会与Sb(Ⅲ)竞争吸附位,抑制3种矿物对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附,但这种抑制作用只在阴离子浓度较高的条件下有效.研究认为磁赤铁矿具有更多的表面活性位和较强的磁回收能力,是优于针铁矿和赤铁矿的含Sb(Ⅲ)废水处理材料. 相似文献
6.
As(Ⅲ)毒性高,易迁移,且是厌氧条件下地下水中主要存在形式。纳米铁颗粒在含砷水体处理中受到广泛关注,而锌具有比铁更低的氧化还原电位且更易保存,被认为是用于氯代有机化合物还原的最佳金属,但有关纳米锌用于水体中砷的研究很少。本文研究了纳米锌吸附As(Ⅲ)的反应动力学性质和吸附As(Ⅲ)的主要影响因素。通过应用准一级动力学、准二级动力学和粒内扩散三种模型对吸附过程进行模拟,结果显示纳米锌吸附As(Ⅲ)的过程更符合二级反应动力学模型,速率常数k2为0.18 g/(mg·min),吸附量为0.47 mg/g,且去除机理以化学吸附为主。批实验结果表明,纳米锌对As(Ⅲ)吸附最佳条件为:振荡时间120 min,纳米锌投加量2.5 g/L,pH值2~7。在最佳实验条件下,纳米锌对起始浓度为0.565 mg/L As(Ⅲ)和0.568 mg/L As(Ⅴ)进行吸附试验,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除率均能达到99.5%以上,表明纳米锌对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)都有很好的去除效果,可作为处理水体中砷的吸附材料之一。以纳米锌作为吸附材料与传统方法相比,并不需要将As(Ⅲ)预氧化成As(Ⅴ),在实际应用中可简化水处理程序,节约处理成本。 相似文献
7.
实验室合成制得的纳米铁BET比表面积为49.16 m2/g, 直径范围为20~40 nm.通过批实验考察纳米铁对As(Ⅲ)吸附动力学情况.结果表明, 在20℃、pH为7时, 纳米铁能够快速地去除As(Ⅲ), 在60 min内, 0.1 g纳米铁对起始浓度为910 μg/L溶液As(Ⅲ)去除率大于99%.反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程, 标准化后的As(Ⅲ)速率常数kSA为2.6 mL/(m2·min).纳米铁对As(Ⅲ)的吸附等温曲线能够很好地满足Langmuir和Freundlich方程, 相关系数R2＞0.95, 由Langmuir模型获得单层纳米铁的最大吸附量为76.3 mg/g.0.1 mol/L NaOH对吸附在纳米零价铁(NZVI)的As(Ⅲ)解吸率为21%.在竞争阴离子中, SiO32-和H2PO4-对As(Ⅲ)的去除有明显阻碍作用, 而其他离子基本上没有影响.纳米铁对As(Ⅲ)的去除机理主要是吸附和共沉淀. 相似文献
8.
《铀矿地质》2015,(5)
研究零价铁(Zero-valent iron,ZVI)去除溶液中的U(VI),分析了pH值、反应时间、ZVI投加量、铀溶液初始浓度、其它离子(Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3、CO2-3和Cu2+)等条件因素对U(VI)去除效果的影响,并讨论其去除机理。结果表明:ZVI对溶液中U(VI)有较好的去除作用,在pH=4,振荡时间为120min,ZVI投加量为1.6g/L,铀溶液初始浓度为10mg/L,铀去除量为4mg/g时,U(VI)的去除率可达到63.7%。其它离子实验结果表明:Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3对ZVI去除U(VI)影响不超过3%,CO2-3和Cu2+影响相对较大。ZVI去除溶液中U(VI)以还原沉淀和吸附作用为主,吸附-还原反应遵循一级化学反应动力学方程。 相似文献
9.
《矿物岩石》2016,(3)
采用水热法成功合成四方纤铁矿(β-FeOOH),并结合XRD、SEM、zeta电位分析等对合成物进行系列表征。重点考察Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、pH值以及不同光照条件等因素下,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:合成得到的β-FeOOH为纺锤形晶体,长径200nm~250nm,端面直径30nm~50nm。Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、pH值以及光照条件对β-FeOOH去除Cr(Ⅵ)均存在重要影响。随着Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度的升高,β-FeOOH吸附Cr(Ⅵ)量呈先递增后降低的趋势,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为50.07 mg/L时,β-FeOOH吸附Cr(Ⅵ)量达到最大值12.05mg/g,且吸附特征符合Langmuir方程吸附模型,饱和吸附量为16.35mg/g;β-FeOOH宜在弱酸性环境下去除Cr(Ⅵ),随着污染液pH的升高,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在pH为6.24时去除率达到最大,为96.67%;光照条件会影响β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除,β-FeOOH对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率呈现出黑暗环境自然环境紫外光照射。 相似文献
10.
凹凸棒石铁/铝氢氧化物纳米复合材料对磷的吸附动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用铁/铝盐水解法制备了凹凸棒石/铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅠ)、凹凸棒石/铁氢氧化物(PNCMⅡ)和凹凸棒石/铁铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅢ)3种凹凸棒石纳米复合材料。对比了这3种纳米复合材料对水中磷的吸附净化能力,并利用吸附动力学实验探讨了3种材料对磷的吸附机理。结果发现:负载了铝/铁氢氧化物后凹凸棒石的晶体结构没有改变;温度对于3种吸附剂吸附磷的动力学参数影响不显著;3种吸附剂对磷的实际吸附量、理论吸附量和初始吸附速率均随着磷的初始浓度增大而增大。PNCMⅠ对磷的理论吸附量为18.18 mg/g,较其他2种吸附剂大。当磷的初始浓度从5 mg/L增加到50 mg/L,PNCM I对磷的初始吸附速率从0.125 mg/(g·min)增加到1.425 mg/(g·min)。3种凹凸棒石黏土纳米复合材料对磷的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,表明其吸附均为化学吸附。 相似文献
11.
琼北火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新生代以来,雷琼地区多次、大量地喷发了一系列火山岩。前人主要基于K-Ar法对此划分了期次。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对琼北火山岩区进行了精细定年研究。低本底激光40Ar/39Ar法能够对低钾含量,极少量样品(毫克级)进行精细测定,非常适合极年轻火山岩的定年工作。结果显示的火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar法高质量数据表明琼北火山喷发活动时限跨越1.3～0.052Ma。在比较了表观年龄与等时线年龄差异之后,本文给出了年龄推荐值。正如测试数据所显示,本地区新生代火山岩普遍存在40Ar和36Ar过剩的问题,此时只有等时线年龄才代表喷发的真实年龄。 相似文献
12.
Cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured on abandoned fan surfaces along the Mojave section of the San Andreas Fault suggest that sediment is generated, transported, and removed from the fans on the order of 30-40 kyr. We measured in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be, and in some cases 26Al, in boulders (n = 15), surface sediment (n = 15), and one depth profile (n = 9). Nuclide concentrations in surface sediments and boulders underestimate fan ages, suggesting that 10Be accumulation is largely controlled by the geomorphic processes that operate on the surfaces of the fans and not by their ages.Field observations, grain-size distribution, and cosmogenic nuclide data suggest that over time, boulders weather into grus and the bar sediments diffuse into the adjacent swales. As fans grow older the relief between bars and swales decreases, the sediment transport rate from bars to swales decreases, and the surface processes that erode the fan become uniform over the entire fan surface. The nuclide data therefore suggest that, over time, the difference in 10Be concentration between bars and swales increases to a maximum until the topographic relief between bars and swales is minimized, resulting in a common surface lowering rate and common 10Be concentrations across the fan. During this phase, the entire fan is lowered homogeneously at a rate of 10-15 mm kyr−1. 相似文献
13.
The ^190Pt-^186Os system should be a unique tracer for mantle processes be-cause both Pt and Os are concentrated in the mantle.The ^190Pt-^186Os system will also be a good supplement to the ^187Re-^187Os system for dating and tracing mantle pro-cesses because the ^190Pt-^186Os system is not so easily contaminated by crustal materials as the ^187Re-^187Os system.In turn,the application of the ^187Re-^187Os system to Pt-enriched materials uncontaminated by crustal materials will indirectly refine the half life of ^190Pt.The ^190Pt is refined.In the coupled ^187Re-^187Os and ^190Pt-^186Os sys-tematics,an ^186Os*/^190Pt-^187Os*/^187Re Concordia diagram similar to the ^206Pb*/^238U-^208Pb*/^232Th Concordia can be constructed.In such a Concordia diagram,a date will be obtained so long as the ^190Pt-^186Os system remains closed even if the ^187Re-^187Os sys -tem is contaminated by crustal materials.In addition ,for the coupled ^190Pt-^186Os and ^187Re-^187Os systematics,the mantle processes and the interactions between the mantle and the crust will be described by two ratios:^186Os/^188Os and ^187Os/^188Os .The coupled ^187Re-^187Os and ^190Pt-^186Os systematics will be a powerful tool in the investigation of the geodynamic history of the Earth because the ^187Re-^187Os system is sensitive to the interactions between the mantle and the crust,while the ^190Pt-^186Os system is a good tracer for mantle processes. 相似文献
14.
M. N. Taran K. Langer I. Abs-Wurmbach D. J. Frost A. N. Platonov 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(9):650-657
Pyrope-knorringite garnets, Mg3(Al1-X Cr3+X)2Si3O12 with X=0.25, 0.50, and 1.00, were synthesized between 9 and 16 GPa and 1300 and 1600 °C, using multianvil high-pressure techniques. The garnets with X=0.25 and 0.50 are fine-grained, pink and violet in color. The end-member knorringites with X=1.00 are black when compact and gray when coarse-grained. The fine powder is greenish gray in natural light and pale pink under a tungsten lamp. Powder remission spectra in the wavenumber range 30 000–10 000 cm–1 on finely powdered crystals were measured by two different methods: (I.) by the use of a small integrating sphere for small samples or (II.) microscope-spectrometric measurement using diffusely reflected radiation from a 45° illuminated microsample. Both methods yielded similar diffuse reflectance spectra. The following crystal-field parameters of [6]Cr3+ were determined for garnets with X=0.25, 0.50, 1.00: 10 Dq=17 856, 17 596, 17 286 cm–1; and B=654, 677, 706 cm–1; nephelauxetic ratio =(Bfield/Bfree)= 0.71, 0.74, 0.77. The -values indicate decreasing covalency of the Cr–O bond with increasing Cr content. The 10 Dq value for together with the mean Cr–O distance in end-member knorringite, 1.96 Å (Novak and Gibbs 1971), were used to calculate from the spectral data, local mean Cr–O distances (Langer 2001a) as a function of composition. The results indicate relatively strong local site relaxation with a value of =0.77. 相似文献
15.
Aierken Sidike X.-M. Wang Alifu Sawuti H.-J. Zhu I. Kusachi N. Yamashita 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(8-9):559-566
Natural calcite from Kuerle, Xinjiang, China, shows orange-red fluorescence when exposed to short-wave ultraviolet (UV) light (Hg 253.7 nm). Photoluminescence (PL) emission and excitation spectra of the calcite are observed at room temperature in detail. The PL emission spectrum under 208 nm excitation consists of three bands: two UV bands at 325 and 355 nm and an orange-red band at 620 nm. The three bands are ascribed to Pb2+, Ce3+ and Mn2+, respectively, as activators. The Pb2+ excitation band is observed at 243 nm, and the Ce3+ excitation band at 295 nm. The Pb2+ excitation band is also observed by monitoring the Ce3+ fluorescence, and the Pb2+ and Ce3+ excitation bands, in addition to six Mn2+ excitation bands, are also observed by monitoring the Mn2+ fluorescence. These indicate that four types of the energy transfer can occur in calcite through the following processes: (1) Pb2+ → Ce3+, (2) Pb2+ → Mn2+, (3) Ce3+ → Mn2+ and (4) Pb2+ → Ce3+ → Mn2+. 相似文献
16.
H. Knicker G. Almendros F. J. Gonzlez-Vila H. -D. Lüdemann F. Martin 《Organic Geochemistry》1995,23(11-12)
A variety of fungal melanins with natural 15N abundance are characterized by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy and are compared to solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectra of organic matter from representative soils. In all solid-state 15N NMR spectra the peptide/amide region (−220 to −285 ppm) dominates with more than 70% of the total intensity. The region between −285 and −375 ppm, assigned to amino and ammonium groups, always contains more than half of the remaining intensity. The area in the region from −30 to −220 ppm, where aromatic heterocycles would show signals, makes up less than 10% of the total intensity. These findings call into question common structural models for melanins. The solid-state 13C NMR spectra, on the other hand, reveal large differences when the melanins are compared to each other, and to composts and soils. The concentration of the aromatic carbon varies from 5 to 40% in the melanin series. The ratio Caro/Ntot and Cali/Ntot were calculated, and confirm that nitrogen in these samples is bound in Ca-groups rather than in aromatic heterocyclic structures. 相似文献
17.
Constraints from strontium and neodymium isotopic ratios and trace elements on the sources of the sediments in Lake Huguang Maar 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Houyun Zhou Bo-Shian Wang Huazheng Guan Yi-Jen Lai Chen-Feng You Jinlian Wang Huai-Jen Yang 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):289-300
The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar in coastal South China were previously thought to originate mainly from wind-blown dust transported from North China, such that the lake sediments recorded the varying strength of the Asian winter monsoon. An alternative explanation was that the local pyroclastic rocks supplied the lake sediments, but the actual contributions from the different sources remained unclear. Geochemical analyses including 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd and trace elements support the local pyroclastic rock as the dominant source: < 22% of the total Sr in the lake sediments and 17% of the Nd arises from the distant source. Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf for the lake sediments are identical to those for the local rock but differ from the ratios for the wind-blown dust, and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns for the lake sediments are similar to those for the local rock and soil, but differ from those for the distant source. The sediments in Lake Huguang Maar are probably input into the lake through runoff and thus controlled by the hydrology of the lake. Wind-blown dust transported by the Asian winter monsoon from arid North China is only a minor contribution to the sediments. 相似文献
18.
19.
Rajneesh Bhutani Kanchan Pande T. R. Venkatesan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(4):737-754
New40Ar-39Ar thermochronological results from the Ladakh region in the India-Asia collision zone provide a tectono-thermal evolutionary
scenario. The characteristic granodiorite of the Ladakh batholith near Leh yielded a plateau age of 46.3 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). Biotite from the same rock yielded a plateau age of 44.6 ± 0.3 Ma (2σ). The youngest phase of the Ladakh batholith, the leucogranite near Himya, yielded a cooling pattern with a plateau-like age
of ∼ 36 Ma. The plateau age of muscovite from the same rock is 29.8 ±0.2 Ma (2σ). These ages indicate post-collision tectono-thermal activity, which may have been responsible for partial melting within the
Ladakh batholith. Two basalt samples from Sumdo Nala have also recorded the post-collision tectono-thermal event, which lasted
at least for 8 MY in the suture zone since the collision, whereas in the western part of the Indus Suture, pillow lava of
Chiktan showed no effect of this event and yielded an age of emplacement of 128.2 ±2.6 Ma (2σ). The available data indicate that post-collision deformation led to the crustal thickening causing an increase in temperature,
which may have caused partial melting at the base of the thickened crust. The high thermal regime propagated away from the
suture with time. 相似文献