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扬子地块Rodinian造山后向伸展作用转化的过程与时间,一直是扬子地块新元古代构造演化的重要科学问题。扬子地块东南瓮安穹隆保存了新元古界板溪群至南华系的完整地层层序与角度不整合接触关系,是回答和理解新元古代造山后构造转化问题的理想区域。对新元古代浅变质板溪群沉积岩和南华纪南沱组沉积层序进行了调查,并采取系列样品进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年分析和岩石地球化学分析。野外调查表明,南华纪南沱组角度不整合于板溪群之上;年代学分析结果表明,板溪群的沉积时代应在772 Ma之前,而南华纪南沱组沉积时代晚于691 Ma。瓮安穹隆新元古代板溪群沉积岩SiO2含量中等,SiO2/Al2O3平均值为5.53,K2O/Na2O平均值为7.14,TFeO+MgO平均值为3.47%。板溪群物源可能来自上地壳,原岩以长英质物源为主,为活动大陆边缘构造背景,其物源主要来自扬子地块西缘。南沱组沉积岩样品SiO2含量中等,SiO2/Al2O3平均值为4.69,K2O/Na2O平均值为20.41,TFeO+MgO含量平均值为6.64%;碎屑沉积岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线与上陆壳相似,以轻稀土富集、显著的铕负异常和重稀土平坦为特征。南沱组沉积岩物源可能来自上地壳,原岩以长英质物源为主,有少量中性岩混入,具有裂谷背景特征。综上所述,认为瓮安穹隆板溪群—南沱组地层层序代表了从造山作用向造山后伸展裂谷转化过程,其中板溪群可能与碰撞造山作用对应,主体约在772 Ma结束,而造山后裂谷的形成在691 Ma之后,因此,从造山作用向造山后伸展转化的时间大约为772~691 Ma。 相似文献
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关于华南大地构造问题的再认识 总被引:29,自引:3,他引:29
自80年代以来,华南大地构造格局问题的讨论是我国地学的热点之一。有关华南陆块地质构造演化及形成时代存在多家之说,其中“江南古陆”是否存在与原“板溪群”时代的归属是争论的焦点。许多学者从不同的角度提出了各种观点和构造演化模式。从近几年来在皖南、赣东北地区的一系列新发现,可以得出如下看法:(1)“板溪群”不是一个前震旦纪的变质地层单位;(2)“江南古陆”是不存在的;(3)华南不存在加里东后地台,而存在晚古生代洋盆,它可能是东特提斯洋的一部分;(4)印支运动在赣东北地区有重要的表现,晚古生代浅变质岩和蛇绿混杂岩是它的岩石记录 相似文献
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论板溪群与板溪蛇绿混杂岩 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
华南大地构造问题已经引起了国内外地质界的普遍关注,板溪群的问题是其中的关键。本文从地层,构造,同位素年龄和古生物等方面对板溪群及有关问题做了讨论,认为按多重地层划分原则定义的板溪群是一套正常的沉积地层;原带状大“板溪群”中含蛇绿岩的变质系是前震旦纪的产物,板(中笔代)蛇绿混杂岩的概念难以成立。 相似文献
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俞 《四川地质科技情报》1994,(1):45-45
自许靖华提出“华南大地仰冲构造学说”以来,一直引起国内外学者的关注,争论最终集中在。板溪群”上。最近,中科院地化所对湘西板溪群和冷家群分别采集样品,进行了Pb同位察测年。对所获数据加以处理后,得到的结果是:板溪群中的马底驿组样品数据分散无法形成P6-Pb等时线, 相似文献
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华南变质基底的组成、边界与构造演化(研究综述) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文据作者调查并综合有关资料,就华南变质基底的组成结构、边界性质、构造型式及演化过程作了较全面阐述;就板溪群是否为构造混杂岩,及其所代表的地质体性质作了深入分析和讨论,作者认为:华南可能存在晚太古-早元古统一变质基底,中元古末至印支期为板块活动期,印支期后,由于受太平洋板块作用影响而进入新的构造活动期。 相似文献
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湘黔边境加里东板内造山期后正向滑脱构造与成矿 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
湘黔边境地处扬子板块东南缘,加里东运动是区内古生代最强烈的板内造山运动;由新元古界板溪群至下古生界奥陶系所构成的NE-NNE向褶皱带为区内主体构造;近期区域地质调查所发现的加里东造山期后,构造体制由挤压转换为伸展所产生的一套正向顺层滑脱构造系统更具特色,不但空间结构完整,构造变形清楚,正向顺层滑脱标志明显,而且成矿控矿作用突出,是湘黔边境著名汞矿带的重要控矿构造. 相似文献
8.
桃江县板溪锑矿床地质特征及成矿构造分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
桃江县板溪锑矿,主要开采2号矿脉,它赋存在上元古界板溪群五强溪组上段,由中矿脉、东支脉和西盲脉组成,矿石矿物主要是辉锑矿,平均厚度0.40 m,平均品位Sb 25.48%,属燕山期中低温热液型锑矿床。矿区成矿构造V_2和V_(2-1)断裂,成矿前显张扭性,成矿期转化为压扭性质,西盲脉,则充填V_(2-2)断裂派生的“多”字型构造。它们为矿区富厚矿体提供了主要成矿空间,展示了构造与矿床的密切成生联系。 相似文献
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通过对庐山地区前寒武纪地层系统的同位素年代学测定,建立庐山地区前寒武纪地层年代学框架,结合详细野外地质构造研究和显微构造分析,本文厘定了庐山地区中生代大型飞来峰构造。该飞来峰外来系统为汉阳峰一带出露的庐山垄群火山岩系, 2个火山岩样品的锆石年龄分别为840±4 Ma和828±4 Ma,大致限定了该火山岩系的形成年龄;原地系统为汉阳峰山下广泛分布的星子群和板溪群,6个变沉积岩样品的碎屑锆石年代学数据指示原地系统地层的最大沉积年龄小于810~790 Ma,显示飞来峰外来系统和原地系统的层位关系已经发生倒置。庐山飞来峰下伏构造推覆面在其东南侧为韧性剪切带,发育糜棱岩和构造片岩,其中的矿物拉伸线理和长石碎斑系等运动学标志显示其逆冲推覆方向为由SW往NE。该飞来峰现今的长约12~15 km,宽约3~6 km,面积约为50 km2,最小推覆距离为15 km。根据推覆构造韧性剪切带内单矿物年代学推测其推覆时间在140 Ma左右,这既为华南地区燕山运动B幕时间提供了关键证据,也佐证华北、华南地区燕山运动B幕的一致性。庐山中生代飞来峰构造的厘定对中国东部燕山运动性质和板内造山形成机... 相似文献
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A supernova explosion in a close binary system in which one of the components is a compact magnetized object (neutron star or white dwarf) can form a narrow “tail” with length l t ~109 cm, width h t ~108 cm, and magnetic field B t ~106, due to the resulting shock wave flowing around the magnetosphere of the compact object. The energy released by the reconnection of magnetic field lines in this tail can accelerate electrons to relativistic speeds (γ≈104), creating the conditions required for powerful synchrotron radiation at energies from hundreds of keV to several MeV, i.e., for a gamma-ray burst (GRB). The duration of this radiation will depend on the power of the shock that forms during the supernova. If the shock is not sufficiently powerful to tear off the magnetosphere tail from the compact object, the duration of the GRB will not exceed l t /V A ≤1 s, and the conditions necessary for an “afterglow” at softer energies will not arise. If the shock is more powerful, the tail can be torn from the magnetosphere, forming a narrow ejection, which is perceived in its relativistic motion toward the observer(Γ~104) as an afterglow whose duration grows from tens of seconds at gamma-ray energies to tens of days in the optical. This may explain why afterglows are observed only in association with long GRBs (T 90>10 s). Very short GRBs (T 90<0.1 s) may be local, i.e., low-power, phenomena occurring in close pairs containing compact, magnetized objects, in which there is again an interaction between the magnetosphere of the compact object and a shock wave, but the shock is initiated by a flare on the companion, which is a red-dwarf cataclysmic variable, rather than by a supernova. 相似文献
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On a controversial method for modeling a coregionalization 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P. Goovaerts 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(2):197-204
This paper reviews two alternative approaches for modeling the (cross) variograms in a coregionalization: (1) fitting the traditional linear model of coregionalization. or (2) deducing the crossvariogram model as a linear combination of prior direct (auto) variogram models while checking the Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities. We show that the second approach has no practical advantage over the traditional one and may not be valid if more than two variables are involved. In such case. Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities are necessary but not sufficient conditions for validity of a coregionalization model. 相似文献
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The possible application of a Rindler type reference frame for studies of physical processes near the horizons of black and white holes is considered. New similar reference frames inside black and white holes in the region T of a Kruskal wormhole are introduced. 相似文献
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滨海地区社会与经济的发展引发了各种各样的水文地质问题,因此对滨海地区的水文地质条件,尤其是地下水与海水之间的水力联系的研究尤为重要.本文考察了海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海含水层系统中由海潮引起的水头波动.该系统由潜水含水层、承压含水层和介于其间的弱透水层构成.建立了该系统的数学模型,得到了该模型的解析解.该解析解包含2个无量纲参数:弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数.解析解表明,淤泥层使各处的水头波幅被缩小了一个常数倍(波幅缩减因子),并使各处的波动相位产生了一个不超过45°的正位移常数(时滞).该时滞对半日潮不超过1.5h,对全日潮不超过3h.波幅缩减因子和正位移常数只与弱透水层的相对越流系数和淤泥层的相对透水系数有关.当这两个无量纲参数取某些特殊值时,本次研究的解和前人考虑的几种较简单情形所对应的解一致.承压含水层中水头波幅随着淤泥层的相对透水系数的递增而严格递增,随弱透水层的相对越流系数的递增而严格递减;波动相位随着这2个无量纲参数的递增均严格递减.分析表明弱透水层的越流和淤泥层的存在均对承压含水层水头波动有显著影响. 相似文献
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An algorithm for determining if any given point,P, on the surface of a sphere is located inside, outside, or along the border of an arbitrary spherical polygon,S, is described. The polygon is described by specifying coordinates of its vertices, and coordinates of some pointX which is known to lie withinS. The algorithm is based on the principle that an arc joiningX andP will cross the border ofS an odd number of times ifP lies outsideS, and an even number of times ifP lies withinS. The algorithm has been implemented as a set of FORTRAN subroutines, and a listing is provided. The algorithm and subroutine package can be used with spherical polygons containing holes, or with composited spherical polygons. 相似文献
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K. Z. Andrawes R. R. Al-Omari W. M. Kirkpatrick 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1996,14(3):227-236
The effect of a smooth rigid stratum, located beneath a dense sand layer, on the bearing capacity and settlement of surface and shallow strip footings is investigated using an advanced experimental model. A theoretical analysis is presented for the bearing capacity of surface footings. The results indicate that the bearing capacity reaches a minimum value at a specific sand-layer thickness. Any increase in the layer thickness above this value causes an increase in the bearing capacity up to that corresponding to a continuous media.Notation
H=
thickness of the sand layer
-
B=
foundation width
-
N
q and N
=
bearing capacity factors for a semi-infinite layer
-
N
qs and N
s=
bearing capacity factors for a finite layer
-
H
o
/B=
limiting depth
-
D
r=
relative density
- =
angle of soil internal friction
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M=
model width
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D=
depth of surcharge
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q=
bearing stress, pressure applied on the footing
-
q
u=
bearing capacity
- =
unit weight of sand 相似文献
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Victor Ryzhik 《Computational Geosciences》2007,11(1):1-8
Spreading of a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) denser than water (DNAPL) lens (mound) in the unsaturated zone of double-porosity
aquifer above an impervious plane boundary is investigated. The double-porosity aquifer is conceptualized as a fracture network
surrounding pervious blocks. Vertical gravity equilibrium is assumed to prevail in each one of the two media, fractures and
blocks. Through vertical integration, two coupled partial differential equations for the DNAPL content in each medium are
obtained. The mass exchange rate between high- and low-permeability media is considered as a function of NAPL content. The
dominant effect is gravity, whereas capillary forces are negligible. Analytical solutions for one-dimensional and axisymmetric
problems of mound spreading are obtained. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1051-1071
Asia is the world’s largest but youngest continent, in which Pacific-type (P-type) and collision-type (C-type) orogenic belts coexist with numerous amalgamated continental blocks. P-type orogens represent major sites of continental growth through tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite type (TTG-type) juvenile granitoid magmatism and accretion of oceanic crust and intra-oceanic arcs. The Asian continent includes several P-type orogenic belts, of which the largest are the Central Asian and Western Pacific. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt is dominated by P-type fossil orogens arranged with a regular northward subduction polarity. The Western Pacific is characterized by ongoing P-type orogeny related to the westward subduction of the Pacific plate. Asia has a multi-cratonic structure and its post-Palaeozoic history has witnessed amalgamation of the Laurasia composite continent and Pangaea supercontinent. Nowadays, Asia is surrounded by double-sided subduction zones, which generate new TTG-type crust and supply oceanic crust and microcontinents to its active margins. The TTG-crust can be tectonically eroded and subducted down to the mantle transition zone to form a ‘second’ continent, which may generate mantle upwelling, plumes, and extensive intra-plate volcanism. Moreover, recent plate movements around Asia are dominated by northward directions, which resulted in the India–Eurasia and Arabia–Eurasia collisions beginning at 50–45 and 23–20 Ma, respectively, and will result in Africa–Eurasia collision in the near future. Therefore, Asia is the best candidate to serve as the nucleus for a future supercontinent ‘Amasia’, likely to form 200–250 Ma in the future. In this paper we unravel a puzzle of continental growth in Asia through P-type orogeny by discussing its tectonic history and geological structure, subduction polarity in P-type orogens, tectonic erosion of TTG-type crust and arc subduction at convergent margins, generation of mantle plumes, and prospects of Asia growth and overgrowth. 相似文献
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The focus of this contribution is to develop a complex variable function method to solve the two-dimensional scattering of plane waves by a lined cylindrical cavity in the poroelastic half-plane. The poroelastic half-plane is based on Biot’s dynamic theory, and the governing equations are solved by reduction to three Helmholtz equations. The lining structure can be treated as an elastic material and decoupled into two Helmholtz equations. Here, the large circle assumption is applied to simulate the half-plane boundary. By using appropriate boundary conditions and continuity conditions, the unknown coefficients in the potentials can be determined. Selected numerical results are presented in this paper. 相似文献
20.
The Behaviour of a Reinforced Soil Mattress Spanning a Cavity Modelled in a Geotechnical Centrifuge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sinkholes can occur on land underlain by dolomite and cause substantial damage to buildings and even loss of life. More than four million people work or reside on dolomite land in South Africa and it is therefore important to be able to construct safely on dolomite land and to minimise the risk of damage to infrastructure and loss of life. Compacted soil mattresses are often used to found structures on areas underlain by dolomite. This study investigated the effect of tensile reinforcement on the behaviour of a soil mattress spanning an underlying water filled cavity designed to impose a cover subsidence sinkhole. Three small-scale models, each consisting of a soil mattress with a cover subsidence sinkhole forming underneath, were constructed and tested in a geotechnical centrifuge. In the first test, an unreinforced soil mattress was tested and in two more tests, reinforced soil mattresses with different reinforcement strengths were tested. The settlement of the unreinforced soil mattress was initially less than that of the reinforced soil mattresses up to the point at which it failed suddenly. Neither of the reinforced soil mattresses failed suddenly, but both experienced large surface settlements that would have led to substantial damage to an overhead structure. 相似文献