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1.
南黄海辐射沙洲西太阳沙海域钻孔沉积环境分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
南黄海辐射沙洲枢纽区的西太阳沙海域钻孔岩芯很好地揭示了研究区全新世中晚期潮成沙脊沉积序列和晚更新世末期滨岸潮滩沉积序列.潮成沙脊在垂向上由两个基本的沉积相构成:出现在-5m水深以上的沙脊-浅潮下相以发育小型沙波交错层理、水平层理、块状层理和缺乏生物扰动为特点; 发育在水深 -5m以下的沙脊-深潮下相以出现脉状层理、波状层理和沙波交错层理组合为特点,具有丰富的生物扰动,并保存有风暴沉积.14C测年数据表明潮成沙脊是中全新世以后形成的,在辐射沙脊群形成之前,研究区经历了晚更新世的滨岸潮滩环境以及早全新世的海侵环境.烂沙洋靠西太阳沙一侧潮流通道目前已切入晚更新世滨岸潮滩相地层,潮道底部约8m厚的淤积层夹有强烈变形的滑塌堆积,可能与台风、风暴潮引起的骤然淤积有关,目前已被1992～2003年的海图资料证实. 相似文献
2.
通过钻井、录井、测井及岩心等资料的综合分析,识别出辫状河三角洲和曲流河三角洲是鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长9油层组主要的三角洲沉积相类型。辫状河三角洲分布于盆地西部,辫状分流河道和辫状水下分流河道发育砂岩,砂岩中主要发育冲刷面、槽状交错层理、板状交错层理和平行层理等,以向上变细的正粒序为主,砂岩粒度概率曲线主要为两段式或三段式。曲流河三角洲分布于盆地东部,陆上分流河道、水下分流河道和河口坝发育砂岩,砂岩中主要发育冲刷面、槽状交错层理、板状交错层理、平行层理和砂纹层理等,以向上变细的正粒序为主,也可见向上变粗的逆粒序,砂岩粒度概率曲线主要为两段式或三段式,可见四段式。进一步的对比分析表明,盆地内长9油层组辫状分流河道、辫状水下分流河道和陆上分流河道中砂体最发育,水下分流河道和河口坝砂体次之。 相似文献
3.
昌黎海岸风成沙丘的形态与沉积构造特征及其成因初探 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
本文论述了昌黎海岸风成沙丘的分布与形成特征、层理构造及其沙丘表面沙波发育情况．并对其成因进行了探讨．沙丘迎风坡表面普遍发育有风成沙纹，层理构造非常发育，有低角度交错层理、大型板状交错层理。海岸沙丘沉积物主要来自滦河．滦河入海泥沙在偏风浪的作用下向北搬运并堆积在海滩上．强劲的向岸风使海滩沙向陆搬运建造成海岸沙丘。目前．沙丘仍在活动之中。 相似文献
4.
塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组沉积相与沉积模式 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13
塔中地区志留系自下而上包括柯坪塔格组(下沥青砂岩段、灰色泥岩段、上沥青砂岩段)、塔塔埃尔塔格组（红色泥岩段和砂泥岩段）、依木干他乌组。通过对塔中地区志留系钻井岩心观察和盆地西北部阿克苏、柯坪、巴楚等地露头剖面的观察,塔中地区志留系下沥青砂岩段岩石类型主要为绿灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩、极细砂岩和细砂岩,部分井发育中细砂岩和中砂岩,砂岩层中常见大量撕裂状泥砾和黄铁矿,发育水平纹理、平行层理、低角度交错层理和楔状交错层理,在露头剖面中可见槽状交错层理。发育的主要沉积相类型为前滨-临滨、浅海陆棚、受风暴影响的浅海砂坝或潮汐砂脊等。在部分井的志留系底部还可见砂砾岩沉积,砾石磨圆较好,砾石成分为石英岩、燧石、泥砾、砂岩砾及其它变质岩砾,向上过渡为中粗砂岩和中细砂岩,发育板状和槽状交错层理,具向上变细的粒序结构,具河流相沉积特征,如塔中30、塔中161井的志留系底部。总体认为塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组下沥青砂岩段为无障壁滨线-陆棚为主的沉积体系,具有海侵背景下受风暴控制的滨线－陆棚沉积模式, 随海侵发展形成宽度几十公里以上的滨线－陆棚砂岩沉积体,垂向上为滨岸砂到陆棚砂的演化序列。上沥青砂岩段以潮坪沉积为主,并有部分前滨和临滨沉积,横向相变,垂向交互叠置,在砂体发育程度和规模上较下沥青砂岩段差。根据岩心物性和测井物性分析,浅海陆棚沙坝和滨岸沙坝砂岩储集性好于潮坪相砂岩。 相似文献
5.
关于米仓山早寒武世地层的物源区母岩,长期以来持有的观点认为主要来自东北汉南古陆和(或)西北摩天岭古陆(碧口地块)。然而,仙女洞组的岩相古地理等确定的物源方向并不支持。灰色泥岩和灰色灰岩,发育水平层理,沉积环境为泻湖;灰色厚层鲕粒灰岩等(发育板状交错层理和鲕状交错层理)、沉积环境为鲕粒滩;灰色中-厚层角砾状灰岩和砾屑灰岩等,发育滑塌构造,沉积环境为碳酸盐斜坡。区域古地理指示,沿福庆-正源-大两-杨坝-桥亭一线向北东方向,沉积水体逐渐变深,古地理由泻湖、鲕粒滩逐渐过渡为碳酸盐斜坡。交错层理恢复的古潮流指示,潮流主要为西北和西南方向。重矿物组成和电子探针分析结果表明,以花岗岩和变砂岩、泥岩为主。综合分析表明,仙女洞组的物源主要来自西北碧口地块和西南康滇古陆的花岗岩、变质砂岩和变质泥岩,且经历再旋回过程。 相似文献
6.
大型板状交错层理内部沉积物的分异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对取自长江上荆江三八滩大型板状交错层理内部同一细层不同部位的５个样品进行了粒度分析和矿物鉴定，结果表明，在同一细层内沉积物有明显的分异作用。细层中上部以中等粒径、低密度的颗粒为主，分选好。细层的下部和底部主要聚集沉积物的粗尾和细尾部分，因而分选较差。此外，密度较大的矿物亦趋于聚集在细层的底部。沉积物的这种分异主要是因为在沙波运移过程中矿物沿背流面发生重力分异且在背流面附近存在回流所致。大型板状交错层理内部沉积物的这种分异作用对认识其储集性能的层内非均质性有重要的意义 相似文献
7.
为揭示三台油田和阜东斜坡区在物源方向、沉积相等方面的差异性,采用重矿物分析法、沉积差异对比法展开研究。结果表明：三台油田物源由南向北,来自南部的博格达山。研究区以中砂岩为主,发育以表征分流河道为主的槽状、板状交错层理及平行层理砂岩相,水动力较强,以辫状河三角洲沉积环境为主;阜东斜坡区主物源为NE向的卡拉麦里山,次物源为南部博格达山。研究区以细砂岩为主,发育以表征侧积作用为主的板状交错层理砂岩相,水动力条件由强到弱,以曲流河沉积为主。通过对研究区“量体裁衣”式差异对比研究,理清了三台油田和阜东斜坡区沉积相沉积特征,为后续井网部署明晰方向,即三台油田应在前缘区寻找优质储层,阜东斜坡应在西北区寻找有利区提供井网部署方向。 相似文献
8.
在进行庵东潮坪水文要素定点测量的基础上,对地貌特征,沉积粒度,沉积构造及重向剖面作了全面分析与研究。结果表明,滩地位于杭州湾进、退潮流的交会点,控制其发育的主动力为潮汐作用,具明显的不规则半日潮特性,涨潮流强度远大于落潮流,造就了宽达十余公里的潮滩地貌。滩地水动力深受湾内水流影响,高潮期服从其总体潮流流向,导致潮坪上发育众多与杭州湾深槽系统相连的潮沟,破坏了沉积物正常分布规律,高潮坪存在一定向平行岸线的大型潮沟,受强劲水流影响,沉积粒度粗化,并因快冲快淤而产生变形构造;中潮坪接受退潮期潮沟漫岸物质,粒度相对较小,分选性变差,沉积构造以直脊流水波痕及板状交错层理为主;低潮坪潮流作用大、沉积粒度粗,分选性最佳,发育小型流水波痕,内部构造以槽状交错层理,“青鱼刺”层理及再作用构造为特征。潮坪近岸处潮沟迁移层序及浪成波痕层理的发现反映水动力异常强大,威胁人工海塘的安全,建议停止进一步围垦滩涂,采取促淤方法,抑制潮沟的发育,以维持滩地稳定。 相似文献
9.
本文以柴达木盆地西部侏罗系为例,对野外露头中的槽状交错层理进行识别和观测。根据其几何学特征分为大型、中型和小型槽状交错层理;根据其岩性特征和槽的组合分为单岩性槽状交错层理和复合槽状交错层理。沉积水动力学分析表明可以从槽状交错层理特征中的粒序、低角度斜层和逆向层理提取可靠的古流信息。根据槽状交错层理几何学特征指示柴达木盆地西部侏罗系古流格局比较复杂,东北部水流自北东流向南西;西南部古流主要来自南东方向和北东方向,柴达木盆地西部阿尔金山斜坡处于持续沉降时期,为一沉积坳陷。 相似文献
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《地下水》2016,(1)
基于前人对研究区延长组长2段沉积相成岩作用等研究较少,应用现代沉积学原理,对靖边油田南部延长组长2段沉积相进行系统分析。研究表明,长2段的沉积物颜色为灰白色、浅灰色,显示出一种水体较浅、水上的沉积环境;发育有板状交错层理、槽状交错层理、平行层理、砂纹层理等构造;沉积时水动力条件较强,发育曲流河和辫状河沉积。曲流河沉积主要发育在长2~1油层组。根据河道砂坝的沉积物组成,可将其区分为两种类型:以砾质沉积为主的砾质辫状河和以砂质沉积为主的辫状河流。研究区长2~2、长2~3沉积类型表现为砂质辫状河流沉积。以河道砂坝为主,局部发育不完整泛滥平原。在长2~1时期,研究区的沉积类型由辫状河变为曲流河,侧向加积形成较宽的河道砂体。长2~2时期延续了长2~3时期的辫状河沉积类型。整体砂体厚度较厚。 相似文献
11.
The Frewens sandstone is composed of two elongate tide-influenced sandstone bodies that are positioned directly above and slightly landward of a more wave-influenced lobate sandstone. The 20-km-long, 3-km-wide Frewens sandstone bodies coarsen upwards and fine away from their axes, have gradational bases and margins and have eroded tops abruptly overlain by marine shales. These sandstones are superbly exposed in large cliffs on the banks of the South Fork of the Powder River in central Wyoming, USA. The deposits change upwards from thinly interbedded sandstones and mudstones to metre-thick heterolithic cross-strata and, finally, to metres-thick sandstone-dominated cross-strata. There is abundant evidence for tidal modulation of depositional flows; however, palaeocurrents were strongly ebb-dominated and nearly parallel the trend of sandstone-body elongation. Detailed mapping of stratal geometry and facies across these exposures shows a complex internal architecture. Large-scale bedding units within sandstone bodies are defined by alternations in facies, bed thickness and the abundance of shales. Such bedsets are inclined (5°–15°) in walls oriented parallel to palaeoflow and gradually decrease in dip over hundreds of metres as they extend from the sandstone-dominated deposits higher in a sandstone body to muddier deposits lower in the body. Where viewed perpendicular to palaeoflow, bedsets are 100-metre-wide lenses that shingle off the sandstone-body axis towards its margins. The sandstone bodies are interpreted as sand ridge deposits formed on the shoreface of a tide-influenced river delta. Metres-thick cross-strata in the upper parts of sandstone bodies resemble deposits of bars (sandwaves) formed where tidal currents moved across shallows and the tops of tidal ridges. Heterolithic deposits lower in sandstone bodies record fluctuating currents caused by ebb and flood tides and varying river discharge. Erosion surfaces capping sandstone bodies record tidal ravinement. The tidal ridges were abandoned following transgression and covered with marine mud as waters deepened. 相似文献
12.
西湖凹陷平湖组受潮汐影响作用明显,但前人研究鲜有提及潮汐砂脊这种典型的潮汐作用下的沉积体。综合运用地震、测井、岩芯及分析化验资料,在西湖凹陷平湖组发现潮汐砂脊沉积体系。潮汐砂脊在地震振幅属性图上,呈条带状特殊地貌特征;岩芯上为典型的反旋回,旋回上部发育板状交错层理、冲刷面等反映强水动力的沉积构造,旋回下部细粒沉积中则发育潮汐层理、生物扰动等沉积构造;测井曲线上,砂脊底部表现为突变界面,并且砂脊发育区重矿物相对富集。潮汐砂脊砂质纯、物性好,并多发育于泥质背景中,与周围泥岩储盖配置好,可构成良好的岩性油气藏勘探目标。另外,砂脊的发育情况可以反映不同时期西湖凹陷与南部广海的沟通情况,因此对于研究西湖凹陷的古地理具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
13.
Sedimentation on the open-coast tidal flats of south-western Korea is controlled by seasonal variation in the intensity of onshore-directed winds and waves. As a result, an environmental oscillation takes place between tide-dominated conditions in summer and wave-dominated conditions in winter. In summer, thick muddy deposits, including sporadic storm deposits, accumulate in response to low wave energy, weak currents, and intense solar insolation that promotes consolidation of the mud at low tide. Bioturbation is minimal because of rapid sedimentation and soft substrate. During the autumn, the summer mud deposits experience erosion due to increasingly strong onshore winds and waves, until only small mud patches and mud pebbles remain. The concentration of ebb runoff between the mud patches produces small, ephemeral tidal creeks. In winter, storm waves occur frequently (ca 10 days a month) and dominate sedimentation in the intertidal zone, producing extensive wave-generated parallel lamination and short-wavelength (0·3–2 m) hummocky cross-stratification. The prevalence of strong onshore winds decreases in spring, allowing longer and more frequent intervals of calm weather, during which time muddy sediments are deposited by tidal processes. Over the long term, winter storm waves dominate sedimentation and the preserved deposits consist of amalgamated storm beds that resemble those generally associated with shorefaces. This raises the question of how many ancient ‘shorefaces’ are, in fact, open-coast tidal flats. 相似文献
14.
月岭形成机制及其与潮汐力的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
月岭作为月表常见的线性构造类型之一,具有一定的分布规律。利用LRO(Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter)的DEM数据提取月岭剖面并进行了构造分析,认为月岭主体为逆冲断层叠加牵引褶皱的挤压构造形成机制。前人多用月海盆地沉降叠加月球热能收缩解释月岭的成因,但它无法解释盆地中央月岭呈近南北向的优选方位,这种现象可能是受到近东西向区域性挤压应力的影响,与潮汐力对月球中低纬度区域的应力作用状态相符,推测潮汐力可能是盆地中央月岭形成的主因。综合利用嫦娥一号CCD影像数据、Lunar Orbiter和LRO全色波段影像数据,解译识别出月球正面中低纬度1 464条月岭。对其进行方向统计,结果表明,月岭整体走向也与Melosh预测的在潮汐力作用下形成的构造样式相似。由此推测,月岭的展布与潮汐力具有很强的相关性,进一步论证了月岭的形成与潮汐力有关。 相似文献
15.
In central Wisconsin, Cambrian strata of the Elk Mound Group record deposition on open‐coast, wave‐dominated tidal flats. Mature, medium‐grained quartz arenite is dominated by parallel‐bedding with upper‐flow regime parallel‐lamination, deposited during high‐energy storms that also produced three‐dimensional bedforms on the flats. Abundant wave ripples were produced as storms waned or during fair weather, in water depths ≤2 m. Indicators of variably shallow water (washout structures and stranded cnidarian medusae) and subaerial exposure (adhesion marks, rain‐drop impressions and desiccation cracks, including cracked medusae) are abundant. Parallel‐bedded facies preserve a Cruziana ichnofacies, similar to other Cambrian tidal‐flat deposits. Flats were dissected by small, mainly straight channels, the floors of which were grazed intensely by molluscs. Most channels were ephemeral but some developed low levées, point bars and cut‐banks, probably reflecting stabilization by abundant microbial mats and biofilms. Channels were filled with trough cross‐bedding that is interpreted to have been produced mainly during storm runoff. The strata resemble deposits of open‐coast, wave‐dominated tidal flats on the east coast of India and west coast of Korea. Ancient wave‐dominated and open‐coast tidal flats documented to date appear to have been limited to mud‐rich strata with ‘classic’ tidal indicators such as flaser bedding and tidal bundles. The Cambrian (Miaolingian to early Furongian) Elk Mound Group demonstrates that sandy, wave‐dominated tidal flats also can be recognized in the stratigraphic record. 相似文献
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通过对贵州盘县上二叠统钻井资料的研究分析,基于沉积岩石学、沉积学、古生物地史学及沉积地球化学等相标志识别出潮坪沉积以陆源碎屑沉积为主,可细分为砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪和潮沟等5种微相。分析认为:潮坪沉积发育海退型进积层序,沉积物粒度整体较细,分选性较好,发育潮汐层理;混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪微相泥岩中V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ba、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ceanom等地球化学参数指示了各微相沉积水体的缺氧-贫氧-氧化状态、贫氧-氧化状态和还原-贫氧-缺氧-氧化状态,与地质背景吻合性好。 相似文献
18.
Architecture and recognition criteria of ancient shelf ridges; an example from Campanian Almond Formation in Hanna Basin,USA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Julio Leva López Valentina Marzia Rossi Cornel Olariu Ronald J. Steel 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1651-1676
Shelf ridges are sedimentary bodies formed on the continental shelf due to transgressive reworking (tidal or storm) of lowstand deposits. Common on modern shelves, they are under‐represented in the geological record due to a lack of recognition criteria and facies model. This article proposes a new facies and architectural model for shelf ridges, linked to their inception–evolution–abandonment cycle and the process regime of the basin. The model is mainly based on new outcrop data and interpretations from three sandstone bodies of the Almond Formation, an overall transgressive interval during the infill of the Campanian Western Interior Seaway. Building from the case study, and ancient and modern examples, six characteristics are proposed for the recognition of ancient shelf ridges. Shelf ridges: (i) are encased between thick marine mudstone intervals; (ii) have a basal unconformity that erodes into marine muds or into the remnants of a previous shoreline; (iii) have a non‐erosional upper boundary that transitions into marine muds; (iv) are characterized by clean and well‐sorted sandstones, often cross‐bedded; (v) contain fully marine ichnofauna; and (vi) present compound architectures with large accretion surfaces and lower order structures. Although shelf ridges have been described in previous studies as generated exclusively by either tidal or storm currents, it is clear, from modern examples and the case study, that these two processes can be recorded and preserved in a single shelf ridge. The stratigraphy of these sandstone bodies is therefore much more complex than previously recognized, bearing the signature of changing tidal and storm intensity through time. Because they are developed during transgressions, shelf ridges are commonly subject to strong changes in process regime as sea‐level changes can easily affect the oceanographic conditions and the morphology of the basin. For this reason, shelf ridges can provide the best record of shelf process variability during transgressions. 相似文献
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A. Chakrabarti 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(3):353-368
Sedimentary structures of some coastal tropical tidal flats of the east coast of India, and inner estuarine tidal point bars
located at 30 to 50 kilometers inland from the coast, have been extensively studied under varying seasonal conditions. The
results reveal that physical features such as flaser bedding, herringbone cross-bedding, lenticular bedding, and mud/silt
couplets are common to both the environments. In fact, flaser bedding and lenticular bedding are more common in the point
bar facies during the monsoon months than in the coastal tidal flat environments. Interference ripples, though common in both
the environments, show different architectural patterns for different environmental domains. Interference ripples with thread-like
secondary set overriding the earlier ripple-form, resembling wrinkle marks, are the typical features in estuarine point bars
near the high water region. Because structures which are so far considered as key structures for near-coastal tidal flats
are common to both the environments, caution should be exercised for deciphering palaeo-environments, particularly for Proterozoic
rocks, where one has to depend only on physical sedimentary structures. 相似文献
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低能海岸的垂直层序和风暴沉积 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
我国淤泥质海岸由微型和小型层序构成。微型层序主要是潮汐作用形成的,小型层序由粗、细粒单层构成,其中粗粒单层形成于风暴时期,细粒单层形成于平静天气。小型层序系完整的风暴层序。在游泥质海岸层序中风暴沉积的厚度超过非风暴沉积,且排列有序。低潮坪沉积物粗,向陆向海变细,从而构成中间粗、两端细的淤泥质海岸典型垂直层序。随着条件和因素的变化,典型垂直层序可以产生若干变异,识别出三种变异层序。 相似文献