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为探究斜坡内赋存不同角度裂隙对反倾岩质斜坡倾倒变形影响效应,设计9组底摩擦试验,对比无裂隙、含一组陡裂隙和一陡一缓两组裂隙的3种类型试验,并研究不同裂隙角度对破裂面影响效应。研究发现:陡倾裂隙倾角的变化对岩坡变形及主破裂面形态有明显规律性影响,陡倾裂隙倾角越陡,发生倾倒破坏的初始破坏部位逐渐偏浅,破坏面积相对减小,破裂面从近直线型逐渐转变成近弧形;缓倾裂隙的赋存,使陡倾裂隙顺尖端开裂增长并且相互沟通形成贯通的破裂面过程更加快捷;主破裂面上覆层状岩体在倾倒变形时,会在其中部产生反向弯曲折断;通过定量分析,发现随着陡倾裂隙倾角增大,岩坡倾倒变形破坏幅度降低,而主破裂面无论是长度还是反映迹线复杂度的分维值亦随之降低。 相似文献
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中国胶东焦家式金矿类型及其成矿理论 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
胶东焦家式金矿是中国最重要的金矿类型,是受构造控制的热液型金矿,可分为破碎带蚀变岩型、含金石英脉型、破碎带石英网脉带型、硫化物石英脉型、层间滑动构造带型、蚀变砾岩型和盆缘断裂角砾岩型等亚类。金矿成矿时期为早白垩世,成矿物质来源于强烈的壳幔相互作用,常具有绢英岩化、黄铁矿化、硅化、钾化等矿化蚀变,金矿体产出具有尖灭再现、分支复合、侧伏、斜列、叠瓦规律。岩浆热隆、流体活动、伸展拆离是导致胶东大规模金矿形成的三大关键要素;早白垩世壳幔同熔岩浆活动分凝和激活的围岩流体是金矿迁移、富集的载体;岩浆上隆产生的伸展拆离构造为金矿成矿提供了有利空间。据此,提出了焦家式金矿“热隆-伸展”成矿理论。焦家式金矿形成于早白垩世中国东部岩石圈大规模减薄阶段,受伸展构造系统控制。控矿构造沿倾向呈现陡缓相间的倾角变化规律,金矿主要沿断裂倾角变化的平缓部位和陡、缓转折部位富集,构成“阶梯式”分布型式。 相似文献
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基于位场信息的伊舒地堑莫里青断陷西北缘断裂性质 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
伊舒地堑边缘断裂不仅控制了盆地的空间形态,而且在很大程度上控制了盆地的结构、构造发育特征和盖层沉积。本文利用1∶5万重、磁资料研究了地堑内莫里青断陷西北缘断裂性质,得出了区内NE—SW向断裂为边界主断裂,呈现出张性特征,属高角度正断层,近EW向断裂,呈现出压性特征,属高角度逆断层的结论。 相似文献
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2013年1月11日云南镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
2013年1月11日,云南镇雄发生滑坡,滑程近800m,堆积体积约40104m3,赵家沟村民小组60多间房屋被毁, 46人遇难。本文对旱季期间少遇的镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害原因进行了现场调查,运用有限元法分析了久雨和采矿条件下滑坡失稳机理。从地质上,滑坡位于乌蒙山区常见的煤系地层区,上部为陡倾的三叠系中统灰岩、白云岩,中部为相对较陡的三叠系下统砂页岩地层,下部为平缓的二叠系上统页岩、泥岩地层,局部含煤,具有上硬下软的工程地质结构和上部富水下部隔水的水文地质结构,极易形成滑坡地质灾害。在地形上,形似靴状地形,上部陡峭地形导致山体易于失稳,而中下部开阔伸展良好的沟谷提供了远程的运动条件,较大的势能向动能的转化,容易形成高速远程滑动,造成严重的损失。可将滑坡区分成滑坡源区、铲刮与堆积区、滑覆成灾区3部分,其中,高速飞行的滑体直接滑覆了赵家沟村民小组数间民房,同时,其余抛散的滑坡体沿低缓沟谷部位液化滑动冲埋多间村民房屋,成为特大灾害发生的重要原因。有限元模拟结果表明:堆积层斜坡的地下水位上升,可使赵家沟滑坡稳定系数降低10%以上,说明对位于陡坡沟谷中的残坡坡积物来说,持久小雨也可触发滑坡失稳; 由于滑坡下部煤层较薄,顶板地层完整且距滑床厚达200多米,在20世纪60～70年代小煤窑开采情况下,对滑坡变形失稳没有明显影响。通过此次特大滑坡引发的社会问题,作者提出了加强特大地质灾害公共危机管理科学应对、加强煤系地层地区高速远程滑坡早期识别与风险管理和加强复杂地质灾害防灾专业知识培训的建议。 相似文献
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Relocation of intermediate and deep earthquakes of Tyrrhenian Sea area through joint hypocenter determination for the period 1962–1979, has allowed a more detailed definition of the geometry of this peculiar Benioff zone. Earthquakes dip along a quasi-vertical plane to 250 km depth; there is a 50° dip in the 250–340 km depth range, and a low dip angle to 480 km depth. The structure sketched from the hypocenters is almost continuous, but most energy has been released in the 230–340 km depth interval. An evaluation of fault plane solutions of intermediate earthquakes in this area indicates predominance of down-dip compressions in the central part of the slab. At the border, strike-slip motion occurs independent of depth. Some earthquakes that occurred at intermediate depth (less than 100 km) along the Ionian margin of Calabria show predominance of reverse faulting, with the P-axis oriented SE-NW. However, shallow earthquakes in the Calabria-Sicily region indicate a more complex motion, with predominance of normal faulting. A possible interpretation of these features according to the available geological history, which involves subduction of continental lithosphere, is discussed. 相似文献
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The potential influence of subduction zone polarity on overriding plate deformation, trench migration and slab dip angle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A geodynamic model exists, the westward lithospheric drift model, in which the variety of overriding plate deformation, trench migration and slab dip angles is explained by the polarity of subduction zones. The model predicts overriding plate extension, a fixed trench and a steep slab dip for westward-dipping subduction zones (e.g. Mariana) and predicts overriding plate shortening, oceanward trench retreat and a gentle slab dip for east to northeastward-dipping subduction zones (e.g. Chile). This paper investigates these predictions quantitatively with a global subduction zone analysis. The results show overriding plate extension for all dip directions (azimuth α = − 180° to 180°) and overriding plate shortening for dip directions with α = − 90° to 110°. The wide scatter in data negate any obvious trend and only local mean values in overriding plate deformation rate indicate that overriding plate extension is somewhat more prevalent for west-dipping slabs. West-dipping subduction zones are never fixed, irrespective of the choice of reference frame, while east to northeast-dipping subduction zones are both retreating and advancing in five out of seven global reference frames. In addition, westward-dipping subduction zones have a range in trench-migration velocities that is twice the magnitude of that for east to northeastward-dipping slabs. Finally, there is no recognizable correlation between slab dip direction and slab dip angle. East to northeast-dipping slabs (α = 30° to 120°) have shallow (0–125 km) slab dip angles in the range 10–60° and deep (125–670 km) slab dip angles in the range 40–82°, while west-dipping slabs (α = − 60° to − 120°) have shallow slab dip angles in the range 19–50° and deep slab dip angles in the range 25–86°. Local mean deep slab dip angles are nearly identical for east and west-dipping slabs, while local mean shallow slab dip angles are lower by only 4.7–8.1° for east to northeast-dipping slabs. It is thus concluded that overall, there is no observational basis to support the three predictions made by the westward drift model, and for some sub-predictions the observational basis is very weak at most. Alternative models, which incorporate and underline the importance of slab buoyancy-driven trench migration, slab width and overriding plate motion, are better candidates to explain the complexity of subduction zones, including the variety in trench-migration velocities, overriding plate deformation and slab dip angles. 相似文献
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重庆市涪陵区厚层软硬相间公路高边坡的详细调查发现,不同的岩层产状,不同开挖方向其斜坡变形破坏模式不同。本文根据野外实例总结了不同岩层产状与开挖方向对应的破坏模式,平缓层状斜坡破坏方式有滑塌式崩塌、倾倒式崩塌和坠落式崩塌;中倾角层状斜坡破坏方式有顺层滑移和崩塌;高陡倾角层状斜坡坡破坏方式有滑移式崩塌和坠落式崩塌。表明斜坡变形破坏地质力学模式与斜坡岩体结构之间存在着密切的成生联系。通过对不同倾角的斜坡岩体破坏方式研究,可以达到系统评价预测斜坡稳定性的目的;通过公路开挖对不同产状岩层可能造成灾害的预期,可以采用不同的预防措施,避免大型灾害的发生。 相似文献
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KS盆地磅士卑勘查区是位于柬埔寨西南部磅士卑省豆蔻山脉东麓。该盆地构造简单,断层较少,地层总体走向为一走向NNE倾向NWW的单斜构造,地层倾角平缓。勘查区煤炭资源较丰富,含煤地层为新近系中新统,聚煤期湖沼相沉积体系。主要可采煤层为S10、S20煤层,属中灰煤至高灰煤、低硫煤至中硫煤、低发热量煤至中发热量煤。 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市东珺银铅锌矿床属于浅成低温热液型矿床,浅部已控制的陡脉状与缓倾斜银、铅、锌矿体资源储量已达到大型规模。对浅部数据的处理解译并结合成矿地质条件分析认为,缓倾斜矿体赋存于一套波阻抗值相对较低的层间破碎带内,在其下部存在含矿构造带。为探获与成矿相关的热液上升通道,在矿区内应用地震频率谐振技术进行剖面性勘查工作,探测陡倾角断裂的结构和位置信息,以实现深部更大的资源量突破。通过地震频率谐振勘探所获得的波阻抗特征和已有钻孔及新钻孔等地质资料,证实了矿区深部的确存在与构造有关的厚大矿体的认识。地震频率谐振勘探的高精度视波阻抗勘查成果为本区深部探测提供了明确的目标和靶点。 相似文献
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本文以山西省汾西矿区崔家淘井田断层构造的展布规律、断层面构造岩特征民层滑动擦痕为依据，分析断层发育的力学机制衣成生欠，应用赤平投影图矿区两条主干断层，得出 区三向主支应力轴方向的认识，提出一种在华北地区有代表性煤矿区展布模式芝对断层的识别和预测具有指导意义。 相似文献
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针对不同倾向、不同倾角条件下,边坡变形破坏特征不同但缺乏相互对比分析研究的现状,在充分考虑硬岩岩质边坡变形破坏特征的基础上,配制硬岩相似材料,采用底摩擦试验方法,分析不同倾向、不同倾角边坡变形破坏模式,并借助PIVlab技术进行分析。结果表明:顺倾和反倾边坡变形破坏模式和破坏范围有明显区别。在45°坡度条件下,当顺倾边坡倾角由30°→45°→60°→80°转换时,变形破坏模式由滑移-拉裂→轻微滑移-弯曲（或滑移-剪切）→未有明显变形（整体稳定）→浅表部倾倒-拉裂逐渐演化。在45°坡度、反倾边坡条件下,变形破坏模式由岩层倾角30°和45°条件下无明显变形,逐渐向60°和80°条件下的倾倒-拉裂演化。当岩层倾角较陡时,反倾边坡破坏范围相对顺倾边坡更大,倾倒弯曲转折端更深。PIVlab结果反映出不同结构边坡条件下,不同位置的速度和位移矢量特征不同,且与宏观观察结果相吻合。研究成果能够为同类边坡的稳定性评价和治理设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
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以煤矿钻孔煤样瓦斯数据及井下实测瓦斯含量为依据,分析了乌东矿区构造对瓦斯赋存的控制作用,认为区内以七道湾背斜、八道湾向斜和F2逆冲断层为主要构造形迹,并控制了煤层的赋存状态和瓦斯分布规律;八道湾向斜南翼地层倾角陡近乎直立,地层局部倒转,有利于瓦斯逸散,而北翼煤层倾角缓,且受到矿区南部碗窑沟逆冲断层（F2）挤压作用,断面形成瓦斯的＂隔挡＂面,阻断了瓦斯的逸散通道,造成向斜北翼瓦斯含量高于南翼;瓦斯含量与煤层埋深呈正相关关系。随着各矿向下延深开采,瓦斯涌出量将会逐渐加大。因此,掌握矿区的瓦斯地质规律,对其安全生产具有指导意义。 相似文献
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汝州煤田位于华北板块南缘逆冲推覆构造带豫西段前锋部位,区内逆冲推覆构造较发育。其滑脱面倾角浅部较陡,深部较缓,表现为上陡下缓、凹面向上的铲状形态,向深部逐渐交汇于同一断裂。该区构造在剖面上时而出现断坡,时而出现断坪,其变化与岩层的软硬程度等因素有关。通过对逆冲推覆、滑覆构造的特征分析,推断出该区推覆下掩盖的二1煤体构造形态特征。 相似文献
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Flow processes and sedimentation in unidirectionally migrating deep‐water channels: From a three‐dimensional seismic perspective 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chenglin Gong Yingmin Wang Ronald J. Steel Jeff Peakall Xiaoming Zhao Qiliang Sun 《Sedimentology》2016,63(3):645-661
Three‐dimensional seismic data were used to infer how bottom currents control unidirectional channel migration. Bottom currents flowing towards the steep bank would deflect the upper part of sediment gravity flows at an orientation of 1° to 11° to the steep bank, yielding a helical flow circulation consisting of a faster near‐surface flow towards the steep bank and a slower basal return flow towards the gentle bank. This helical flow model is evidenced by the occurrence of bigger, muddier (suggested by low‐amplitude seismic reflections) lateral accretion deposits and gentle channel wall with downlap terminations on the gentle bank and by smaller, sandier (indicated by high‐amplitude seismic reflectors) channel fills and steep channel walls with truncation terminations on the steep bank. This helical flow circulation promotes asymmetrical depositional patterns with dipping accretion sets restricted to the gentle bank, which restricts the development of sinuosity and yields unidirectional channel migration. These results aid in obtaining a complete picture of flow processes and sedimentation in submarine channels. 相似文献
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We present the results of tectonophysical reconstruction of natural stresses of the Earth's crust in the Altai–Sayan mountain region using cataclastic analysis of fault slips and seismic data on the focal mechanisms of earthquakes. This method allows one to obtain the parameters of the total stress tensor by invoking additional data: generalized experimental data on the brittle fracture of rocks, seismic data on the released stress of strong earthquakes, and data on the topography and density of rocks. Results of the tectonophysical reconstruction of stresses showed significant inhomogeneity of the stress state, which is manifested not only in the variation of the strike and dip of the principal axes of the stress tensor, determining changes in the geodynamic regime of the Earth's crust, but also in the close location of the regions of high and low isotropic tectonic pressure in relation to the lithostatic pressure. The variance of the ratio of tectonic pressure to lithostatic pressure is in the range of 0.59–1.31, with an average value for the region close to unity. This paper discusses internal or external mechanisms capable of generating the stress field obtained by the tectonophysical reconstruction. 相似文献
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锦屏一级水电站普斯罗沟左岸深部裂缝变形模式 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过对锦屏一级水电站普斯罗沟坝址左岸深部裂缝的发育特点及规律的研究,提出了深部裂缝4种变形模式,即缓剪陡张型、缓倾张剪带型、顺剪反张型和引张型。发现变形的结果是岩体拉张位移主矢量以一定倾角指向河流,正是岸坡卸载特点,这从一定程度说明了深部裂缝的卸荷变形实质,揭示了其成因。 相似文献