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1.
土地利用结构与生态过程 总被引：56，自引：0，他引：56
本文从土地利用与土壤水分、土地利用与土壤养分、土地利用与水土流失3个方面系统讨论了土地利用结构与生态过程研究的现状和特征,指出:1)土地利用结构对土壤水分的影响涉及生态系统、坡面、小流域和区域等系列尺度,土地利用的分布及景观特点影响土壤水分的时空变异;2)土地利用对土壤养分的影响表现在土地利用的镶嵌格局影响土壤养分的分布和迁移,土地利用的变化可以引起土壤养分的变化;3)土地利用与水土流失关系密切,土地利用的改变能够减少或增加径流和土壤侵蚀.尺度不同,土地利用与水土流失的机制也不尽相同.土地利用结构与生态过程的研究,还需要注重大尺度和多尺度上的综合研究. 相似文献
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The paper provides a coherent pattern identification analysis of the impacts of coastal land use and land cover (LULC) on evapotranspiration (ET) under the impact of seawater intrusion. The study applied the Landsat satellite data to characterize the LULC at Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, China. Then, the ET and heat fluxes were estimated using the surface energy balance algorithm for land model with two-time phase thermal infrared band images and regional surface parameters. This allowed for the eventual linkage of seawater intrusion to land use/cover changes (LUCC) and ET variations over time. The case study discussed in this paper carried out a coastal landscape dynamics assessment using multi-source and multi-sensor remote sensing technologies. The results are: (1) due to its distance from the sea, the vegetation index (modified soil-adjusted vegetation index, MSAVI) gradually increases with the gradual increase of land use grade (Uindex); (2) there are a variety of types of relational patterns between parameters (LST, Gn, MSAVI, and Uindex) and ET (positive, negative, and no relationship); and (3) seawater intrusion significantly affected the spatial pattern of LUCC, which evidently affected the spatial distribution of ET. The spatial distribution pattern and change characteristics of ET were formed by double driving forces of seawater intrusion and LUCC under the background effects of regional climate. 相似文献
3.
50余年来岩溶山地近郊村域土地利用与景观格局演变——以贵州省清镇市王家寨地区为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取贵州省清镇市近郊村域王家寨地区为研究对象,在GIS支持下,利用该区域1963年、1982年、2005年、2010年和2015年5期土地利用图形数据叠加分析,提取出研究区50余年来的土地利用/覆盖信息,并结合相应的社会经济统计数据,分析了其驱动力因子,其结果表明:(1)1963—2015年间,土地覆盖类型的总体变化为高被草地和平坝旱耕地明显减少,低被草地、农村居民点、工矿用地、公路用地面积大幅增加,其中,平坝旱耕地有向经济效益更高的土地利用方式转变的趋势;（2）景观格局演变的总体趋势是:自1963年起,斑块数量、斑块密度持续增加,到2015年呈下降趋势,而最大斑块指数逐年减小,形状趋于不规则,同时,近50年景观的多样性指数持续增加;（3）区内土地利用/覆盖和景观格局呈阶段性变化,从1963年到2005年,坡地土地利用活动较强,2005年后,平地土地利用强度增加、农业逐渐转型、聚落持续扩展;（4）区内土地利用及景观格局的变化主要受经济、人口和政策因素的影响。 相似文献
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中国地级及以上城市紧凑度的综合测度及其空间关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从经济紧凑度、 土地利用紧凑度、 人口紧凑度和基础设施紧凑度等方面, 构建城市紧凑度的综合测度模型. 运用主成分分析法, 对2009年中国287个地级及以上城市紧凑度及其空间溢出效应进行综合测度. 结果表明: 紧凑度大致以"塔河-凭祥"一线为界, 以东区域的城市紧凑度水平较高, 以西的地区城市紧凑度水平低. 紧凑度Moran's I高值区连片集中在珠三角和长三角两个区域, 中心城市紧凑度的带动性和辐射性较强. 紧凑度呈现明显的热点-次热点-次冷点-冷点自东向西带状分布的格局. 经济发展、 土地利用结构和人口密度是目前中国地级以上城市紧凑度的重要决定因素, 城市土地利用因子表现相对较均衡, 而经济发展和人口密度两个主因子则表现出较强的不均衡性. 相似文献
6.
The semi-arid areas in Northern China are home to a large population and have great ecological vulnerability. Contemporary land use pressures cause these areas to suffer from a severe land use conflict between human activities and environmental conservation. Ignoring the livelihood of humans and the development of semi-arid areas is not possible. However, the rapid increase in human activity recently exposes both the human race and local environment to potential adverse effects. To balance this contradiction, this research puts forth a framework to optimize the land use patterns in these areas in the context of ecological security and land use suitability. Considering the expansion of particular land use forms to meet the land use demand of social development, a revised cellular automata model is employed to shape the path of land expansion. Meanwhile, additional adjustment rules are set to adjust the unreasonable land use units to a suitable form. The city of Ordos is chosen as a case to put this framework into practice, and several landscape pattern indexes are used to evaluate the results. The results reveal that this framework could maintain the environment in a stable state while simultaneously meeting the land use demand of social development. 相似文献
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以冬瓜山层控夕卡岩型铜矿床的基本地质特征为基础建立了成矿作用的地质模型,运用成矿作用动力学理论将其转化成动力学模型,然后对动力学模型求解得到刻划矿质在断裂—多孔介质体系中输运-化学反应演化规律的解析解。研究揭示冬瓜山矿床的成矿微观机制为:成矿流体受外力的驱动在断裂-多孔隙复杂介质的输运过程中,由平流、动力弥散、扩散作用与交代反应、溶解-沉淀反应相互耦合作用而成矿。介质的有效孔隙度和渗透率等动力学参数是矿体的空间分布及规模大小的主要控制因素。模拟结果合理地解释了矿体的空间展布、矿石品位及矿石结构构造的空间变化特征等矿床的基本地质特征。本研究显示,一旦成矿过程的基本动力学参数能确定,可预测成矿的位置、矿体长度、厚度及贫富变化的规律,显示动力学研究具有潜在的重要应用价值。本文为研究复杂介质中矿床形成的微观机制提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
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Flood risk perceptions and spatial multi-criteria analysis: an exploratory research for hazard mitigation 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
The conventional method of risk analysis (with risk as a product of probability and consequences) does not allow for a pluralistic approach that includes the various risk perceptions of stakeholders or lay people within a given social system. This article introduces a methodology that combines the virtues of three different methods: the quantifiable conventional approach to risk; the taxonomic analysis of perceived risk; and the analytical framework of a spatial multi-criteria analysis. This combination of methods is applied to the case study ‘Ebro Delta’ in Spain as part of the European sixth framework project ‘Floodsite’. First, a typology for flood hazards is developed based on individual and/or stakeholders’ judgements. Awareness, worry and preparedness are the three characteristics that typify a community to reflect various levels of ignorance, perceived security, perceived control or desired risk reduction. Applying ‘worry’ as the central characteristic, a trade-off is hypothesized between Worry and the benefits groups in society receive from a risky situation. Second, this trade-off is applied in Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA). MCA is the vehicle that often accompanies participatory processes, where governmental bodies have to decide on issues in which local stakeholders have a say. By using risk perception-scores as weights in a standard MCA procedure a new decision framework for risk assessment is developed. Finally, the case of sea-level rise in the Ebro Delta in Spain serves as an illustration of the applied methodology. Risk perception information has been collected with help of an on-site survey. Risk perception enters the multi-criteria analysis as complementary weights for the criteria risk and benefit. The results of the survey are applied to a set of scenarios representing both sea-level rise and land subsidence for a time span of 50 years. Land use alternatives have been presented to stakeholders in order to provide the regional decision maker with societal preferences for handling risk. Even with limited resources a characteristic ‘risk profile’ could be drawn that enables the decision maker to develop a suitable land use policy. 相似文献
9.
石漠化景观格局分布特征及其影响因素分析——以贵州省盘县为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以贵州省盘县2004年石漠化现状分布为基础,探讨石漠化斑块的空间组合格局类型及其影响因素。结果表明,该区石漠化景观呈现出极强度石漠化斑块集中分布型、强度石漠化与无石漠化斑块混合分布型、潜在石漠化与无石漠化为主分布型、轻中度石漠化聚集分布型和石漠化斑块相间分布型5种空间组合分布格局。人为干扰、自然因素是造成该区石漠化空间格局存在明显差异的主要原因。从全县来看,石漠化主要分布在坡度10°～ 17. 5°的地带,其次是17. 5°～ 35°的区域。从发生石漠化的土地类型来看,轻度石漠化主要分布于灌丛和坡耕地,中度石漠化主要分布于中覆盖草地和坡耕地,强度和极强度石漠化主要分布于中覆盖草地和来利用地。碳酸盐岩的分布、地形地貌和亚热带山地气候差异形成了不同的景观类型,而有限的土地资源和土地利用方式是控制喀斯特石漠化的主导因子。通过土地利用规模调整和优化,因地适宜实施退耕还林还草等,将有望实现强度、极强度石漠化景观逐渐向无石漠化景观的转变。 相似文献
10.
Spatial dynamics of soil salinity under arid and semi-arid conditions: geological and environmental implications 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Jordán M. M. Navarro-Pedreño J. García-Sánchez E. Mateu J. Juan P. 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(4):448-456
Salinity is a highly important problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Consequently, the analysis of soil salinity plays a crucial role in environmental sciences. Environmental variables show spatial variability and statistical tools able to analyze and describe the spatial dependence and quantify the scale and intensity of the spatial variation are needed. Moreover, the spatial prediction has special importance for agricultural transformation of the land or for environmental restoration (selection of the most appropriate species adapted to soil salinity). In this paper we propose a methodological framework based on geostatistics to model the spatial dynamics of soil salinity measurements to further analyze the case of a region in southeastern Spain. 相似文献
11.
J. J. de Vries 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1997,86(2):354-371
An inherent aspect of hydrogeology is the dynamic character of groundwater flow within the more passive lithospheric medium. Prediction therefore requires insight into the spatial pattern of aquifer properties as well as the dynamic character of groundwater flow systems. Both aspects together determine hydrogeological system behaviour in space and time. The spatial characteristics of an aquifer are mainly based on geological and geomorphological structure, whereas the dynamics of the system result predominantly from climate and topography; knowledge of paleoconditions are a prerequisite for sound understanding of present systems. The integration of exploration and forecast is illustrated by two case studies. The first study focuses on an assessment of groundwater resource and their sustainable development in semi-arid Botswana. The second study concerns the impact of land and water management in the Netherlands coastal area on the groundwater regime and its future development, including the redistribution of salt and fresh groundwater on a long time scale. 相似文献
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In this paper general trends of the land-use structure dynamics in the metropolitan region of Leipzig are shown. Specific problems of the space-time dynamics of land-use are discussed, such as the core-fringe gradient in the land-use pattern, the multiple use of land, function-location relations and the role of functional areas for land-use planning. 相似文献
13.
Optimizing post-mining land use for pit area in open-pit mining using fuzzy decision making method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. H. Bangian M. Ataei A. Sayadi A. Gholinejad 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(4):613-628
Open-pit mining method has severe environmental impacts which should be prevented, monitored, controlled, and reduced by mined-land reclamation process. After mine closure, a permanent post-mining land use should be implemented as an appropriate choice for using different sections of mined land. The most appropriate alternative of post-mining land use for each section of mined land is presented as the optimum post-mining land use. Pit area among different sections of mined land has more significant effects on the environment and also on defining the optimum post-mining land use for other sections of mined land. Though there are several alternatives and criteria for defining the optimum post-mining land use, the multi-attribute decision-making methods can be efficient techniques in this regard. The nature of the effective parameters used for defining the optimum post-mining land use is the same as Fuzzy numbers including incremental changes without definite limits. Thus, application of the Fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making modeling can produce more reliable results than that of other techniques. As well, pair-wise comparisons and judgments through Fuzzy numbers have proper consistency with the nature of the effective parameters; therefore, a model is developed to attain the optimum post-mining land use for pit area through Fuzzy analytical hierarchy processing. As a case study, the model was implemented in Sungun copper mine in the Northwest of Iran. Forestry?Clumber production was defined as the optimum post-mining land use containing the greatest relative importance coefficient 3.019 for the pit area in this mine. 相似文献
14.
Stefano Lo Russo Glenda Taddia Paolo Dabove Elena Cerino Abdin Ambrogio Maria Manzino 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(18):647
Thermal perturbation produced in the subsurface by open-loop groundwater heat pumps (GWHPs) represents a complex transport phenomenon that is affected by several factors, including intrinsic characteristics of the exploited aquifer, abstraction and reinjection well features, and the temporal dynamics of the accessed groundwater. Post-GWHP water may have become warmed or cooled before being reinjected into the aquifer, thereby creating a thermal plume, known as the thermal affected zone (TAZ), which can alter aquifer temperature. The TAZ is propagated mainly by advection, after which the plume tends to degrade via conductive heat transport and convection within moving water. Groundwater monitoring and multiparametric probes are used to check the dynamics of plume propagation and whether a system’s thermal plumes are generating unsuitable interference with wells, subsurface infrastructure, or land use. Analyses of time-series groundwater monitoring data can be used to monitor TAZ movement. In this paper, the thermal plume velocity was calculated by both an analytical solution and cross-correlation. Cross-correlation calculated between temperature measured in the reinjection well and control downstream piezometers can reveal plume dynamics and demonstrate the importance of advective transport in aquifer heat transfer. 相似文献
15.
Changing social and economic drivers of land use require a more integrated approach to land conservation that addresses both the land and the socio-economic context of land use. Technical and legal conservation focused at the single-parcel scale is insufficient. This research examines ecological entrepreneurship, discussed by Marsden and Smith (2005), as an integrated conservation strategy that targets environmental as well as economic goals. Specifically, we explore the roles and functions that must be provided by Ecological Entrepreneurship Support Networks (EESNs). In particular, we look at land trusts engaging in these efforts. Through a series of case studies, we examine the roles and functions, as well as motivations and challenges faced by land trusts involved in EESNs. The lessons learned through these case studies are intended to inform broader sustainable development efforts. 相似文献
16.
本文以浙江省桐庐县为研究区,在CLUE．S模型空间分析模块的回归建模中,考虑驱动因子对土地利用格局影响的空间不稳定性,用GWRLogistic模型取代全局最小二乘法（OLS）Logistic[D]lJ~模型来建立土地利用格局与其驱动因子之间的回归模型,实现了对CLUE—S模型的改进,并进行土地利用格局模拟的实证研究与模型比较。研究结果表明,运用GWRLogistic对CLUE—S模型进行改进,不但可以获得更高的模拟准确率,而且可以获得各驱动因子对土地利用格局影响的空间分异特征。同时,运用改进的模型定量地分析影响区域土地利用变化的内在机制,进行土地利用格局的动态模拟,预测土地利用未来变化的趋势,可以为桐庐县及其类似地区的土地利用规划决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Andrea Nightingale 《Geoforum》2003,34(4):525-540
This paper presents a theoretical framework for analyzing human–environment issues that examines shifting, dialectical relationships between social and power relations, cultural beliefs and practices, and ecological processes to allow an interdisciplinary, complex assessment of social and environmental change in Nepal. The purpose of this analysis is to capture the complexity and non-static nature of environmental and social change in the context of uneven development. Drawing from political ecology and feminist geography, this framework brings together scholarship on aspects of human–environment issues that are often pursued in isolation, yet all three processes, social–political relations, cultural practices and ecological conditions, have been acknowledged as important in shaping the trajectory of social and ecological change. I argue that a consideration of the articulations between them is necessary to understand first, how specific land management regimes arise and are dominant over time in specific places. And second, I examine the extent to which these regimes distribute resources equitably within communities, promote economic development and sustain ecological resilience. In this analysis, ecological processes are conceptualised as co-productive of social and cultural processes to explore their role in land management regimes without resorting to environmental determinist or similarly reductive paradigms. I present this framework through the example of natural resource management, specifically community forestry in Nepal, as it offers a rich case study of the relationships between the political economy of land use and the ecological effects of natural resource extraction. 相似文献
19.
土地资源利用的景观生态优化方法 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
空间格局的生态优化是以往土地利用优化配置中的薄弱环节 ,景观生态学的发展与完善为弥补此项不足提供了一个全新的研究视角 ,在此方面已进行了长期的理论与方法探讨。为进一步促进景观生态学与土地利用优化配置的结合 ,探索土地资源利用空间生态优化的有效途径 ,文章系统阐述了近几十年景观生态学在土地利用优化配置的应用研究中采用的主要方法及其发展 ,并重点讨论了基于格局分析的土地利用生态优化途径及其发展前景。 相似文献
20.
Landscape is defined as the material-physical entity comprising the structures of nature and land use and their mutual relationship. This reduced but more precise specification of the landscape includes certain geo- and bioscientific problems as well as socio-economic conditions, motives and functions in the sense of a system approach, which have to be considered, but to do not belong to its object sphere directly. For landscape research a multi-stage procedure is introduced. It includes (a) the scientific and technical analysis of natural and land use structures inclusive their spatial and temporal dynamics (and genesis), (b) the functional analysis of landscape within the processes of socio-economic reproduction, i.e. landscape as an object of socio-economic activities and (c) the comparison of landscape structures with standardized parameters set by society under consideration of natural regularities leading to the evaluation and prognosis of these structures or certain parts of them. 相似文献