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SWB—1型便携式湖泊沉积物—界面水取样器的研制 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：34
在湖泊环境的研究中,采到保持原状的沉积物－水界面样品是一项基本工作。根据国外有关资料,在前期研制的沉积物－水界面采样装置的基础上,研制成功了一种新型湖泊沉积物－水界面取样器。本取样器由部分组成,即连接构件、配重、悬挂密封机构和取样管。取样器是靠自重插入湖泊沉积层,悬挂密封机构将样品封闭于取样管内。本取样器能在深水湖泊中取到３０￣５０ｃｍ的湖底沉积物柱及１０￣３０ｃｍ的界面水柱。整个取样器重量轻（只 相似文献
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鉴于传统钻孔勘探确定淤泥层起伏情况的不足,在某一围堤水域地质勘察中利用浅层地震反射波法,确定淤泥层的起伏情况。从本场地反射波法物探映像图中可知．淤泥层与粘土层之间的界限明显,均在30s^-3左右产生了明显的反射波,且能清楚的看到基岩面的起伏情况。经过与钻探资料的对比发现,物探结果精度较高,满足了该工程的技术要求。分析表明,浅层地震反射波法是一种速度快、效率高的水域工程物探新方法,在各种水域工程的岩土工程勘察中有着广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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“荥泽”古湖曾被大量史书文献记载,现已消亡,郑州周边地区地表以下0.60～27.00 m范围内存在不同厚度的湖沼相地层,岩性主要为灰黑色淤泥、淤泥质细砂,灰黑色淤泥质黏土、灰褐色黏土、灰褐色粉砂质黏土、灰黑色黏土质粉砂等等。通过岩矿鉴定、孢粉特征分析、同位素年代学、粒度分析、磁化率分析等手段对沉积物进行了系统研究,初步得出该古湖泊的形成可能始于晚更新世晚期,8000～3000 a BP曾大范围存在,沉积中心位于贾河村附近,古湖泊水源来自于黄河洪水和地表水径流的补给。沉积记录了“荥泽”古湖形成前期—形成期—鼎盛期—动荡衰退期—消亡期的全过程,结合地貌和史书古籍记载、各个时期的考古遗迹点位置、湖沼相层测年数据,初步界定鼎盛时期湖泊的西边界和南边界,分别位于荥阳市汜水镇和管城回族区十八里河镇、南曹乡附近。初步估算鼎盛时期湖泊面积超过1000 km2。 相似文献
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湖泊、水库沉积物记录着它自身及周围环境的变迁。大自然的影响(如泥石流等)及人类活动(如伐木、土地开发等)都会在湖泊或水库的沉积物中留下痕迹。大自然的作用,特别是近一百五十年来人类的频繁活动,致使许多地区流域土壤的侵蚀速率不断加大,造成湖泊 相似文献
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An in situ sediment pore water sampler is described. It can simultaneously and continuously sample at four discrete 1 cm levels at one location without disturbing the sediment or the sample. The sampler can maintain an anaerobic environment, and can be used over extended periods of time. Laboratory tests indicate 98 to 100 percent recoveries for ammonium, silicate, reactive phosphate, nitrate and nitrite. Vertical profiles for ammonium, reactive phosphate and silicate are shown from field studies. 相似文献
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SVEN BLOMQVIST 《Sedimentology》1985,32(4):605-612
The performances of four light-weight, open sampling devices intended for use in soft sediments, the Axelsson-Håkanson gravity corer, the Kajak gravity corer, the Jenkin bottom sampler and the Ekman grab (box corer), were examined in situ by direct observation, measurement and photographic documentation by a SCUBA diver. Restrictions on the reliability of the sediment samples obtained with these devices and sediment coring instruments in general are evaluated. Separate studies of core shortening show: (1) a positive linear relationship between sediment penetration depth at which shortening of cores starts and coring tube inner diameter, (2) a tube size related shift of curve pattern in the regressions of the core shortening versus sediment depth, and (3) a negative non-linear relationship of shortening intensity versus increasing coring tube inner diameter. These findings show the great risk, when sampling soft sediments, of obtaining a sample quantitatively unrepresentative of the in situ stratification. An accurate correction factor for the degree of core shortening requires a knowledge of: (1) the sediment depth at which core shortening commences, and (2) the curve describing the relationship of shortening to depth of penetration. 相似文献
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KAZUHISA CHIKITA 《Sedimentology》1990,37(5):891-905
Turbidity currents, initiated from spring runoffs of an influent river, were observed in the upper region of a reservoir in Hokkaido, Japan, by measuring water temperature, velocity and suspended-sediment concentration. Their profiles offer some physical parameters for the sedimentary conditions, assuming the turbidity currents to be quasi-uniform. The bottom sediment deposited by the turbidity currents was then collected by a portable core sampler. The bottom sediment consists of more than 90% silt and clay, and thus offers a hydraulically smooth bed for shear flow; a plane bed as a bed configuration was formed on the reservoir bed, probably because of the low shear velocity and small grain size of sediment. Using a graphic method with log-normal probability paper, the bottom sediment is divided into several overlapping log-normal subpopulations. Grain-size analysis indicates that the bottom sediment may be regarded as cohesionless; criteria for ‘complete deposition’ of transported grains can then be incorporated into the ‘extended Shields diagram’ giving the minimum shear stress to erode bottom sediment. Applying the new diagram to the grain size distribution of the bottom sediment, it is suggested that each of the log-normal subpopulations was deposited in each of four different ‘modes of deposition’, i.e. ‘traction’, ‘saltation (or intermittent suspension)’, ‘suspension’ and ‘suspension under equilibrium’. The last mode may be observed under a sedimentary condition where upward flux of suspended sediment by eddy diffusion is almost equal to its depositional flux due to gravity. The mean and critical grain sizes for bottom sediment and each of the corresponding subpopulations decrease consistently with an increase of Ψ=Fd2 log10Re (Fd is the densimetric Froude number and Re is the flow Reynolds number). Ψ correlates inversely with shear velocity, which bears a linear relationship to mean velocity. These results lead to the conclusion that relatively fine suspended sediment is deposited as a result of decreasing bottom friction with a relative decrease of turbulent energy. 相似文献
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An inexpensive, lightweight stream sampler is described which provides a method for continuous collection of suspended stream
sediments. The IS3* sampler collects integrated suspended stream samples, and because the sampler relies on basic sedimentation principles, it
can be deployed to collect suspended sediment stream samples for environmental studies or geochemical exploration in remote
areas. The sampler trapped from 0.45 to 1.2 g of dry sediment during 7- to 8-d field tests conducted during 1985. 相似文献
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A large-volume core sampler for sediment—muck substrates is described. The sampler can acquire a discrete sediment core of 10 cm in diameter and up to 1.5 m long. Such samplers are needed to collect the volume necessary for analysis of sediments for contaminants, bulk density, or radioactive dating. The sampler consists of a 1- to 2-m length of PVC pipe mounted below a threaded metal pipe air exhaust—intake assembly. This assembly is quick-connected to standard threaded lengths (300 cm) of water pipe (2 cm diam) or electrical conduit so that bottom sediments in water depths of up to 10 m can be sampled. The core sampler is hand-operated and pushed into bottom sediments from a boat. It does not have to be triggered remotely because of the one-way modified check valve in the air exhaust—intake assembly. After the sampler is extracted from the sediment, the extension handle can be quickly removed for ease of sampler handling, and the core can be extruded from the PVC tube by air pressure.Contribution of the National Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, U.S.A. 相似文献
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The presence of coarse-grained sediment can potentially reduce the effectiveness of conventional sampling methods in recovering fluvial sediments. A modification to freeze-core technology was used to collect fine to coarse sands, silts, and clays in fluvial deposits that contain significant amounts of gravels, cobbles, and boulders for the purpose of characterizing the extent of heavy metal contamination. This modification uses either a 2.5 or 2.9 cm diameter by 30-cm- long finned mechanical or hand-driven samplers. The sediment is frozen to the outside of the sampler by injecting liquid CO2 into the sampler. The fins protect the sample from coarse material upon removal. Field testing and laboratory testing of the method were completed to establish a methodology and assess possible cross contamination of the sediment layers during the driving of the sampler. The results indicated that this method is effective for recovering non-cohesive sediment samples at depths up to 6 m for the purpose of characterizing the extent of heavy metal contamination. 相似文献
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TIMOTHY J. F. AUSTIN CHRISTOPHER T. BALDWIN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1984,13(3):273-277
The construction and operation of a sampler which takes accurately orientated cubes of soft sediment for palaeomagnetic analysis is described, and the accuracy of palaeomagnetic sampling techniques is dis-cussed. The sampler has been used for analysing recent estuarine muds. 相似文献
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针对目前地质勘查中刻槽取样工作存在的问题，从地质大调查的需要出发，研制了便携式地质刻槽取样机，介绍了其主要技术指标、基本结构、工作原理及野外生产试验简况。 相似文献