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1.
直接测定颗粒锆石^207Pb／^206Pb年龄的方法 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
用B·Kober(1986—1987)所提出的热离子源发射质谱计分层蒸发、直接测定颗粒锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄的方法,6件锆石样品试验表明,其年龄值能与同一样品的常规锆石U-Pb法的交点年龄及其它方法的结果完全一致,并能给出更多具有一定地质意义的年龄信息。 相似文献
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云南滇池现代沉积物^210Pb法的CF模式年龄研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文阐述了~(210)Pb法的CF模式年龄计算原理,并用此模式计算了云南滇池沉积柱样的年龄。发现CF模式年龄与普通的CA模式年龄有明显的差异,而~(228)Th/~(232)Th法和~(239,240)Pu分布都表明CF模式年龄是可靠的。此年龄结果显示了近一百年来滇池的沉积通量是变化的。 相似文献
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210Pb方法被广泛运用于不同环境沉积物年龄和沉积速率的测定[1~7],以及陆地沉积环境侵蚀速率研究[8]。本文拟运用210Pb方法对前人未涉及过的沙漠沉积环境作初步研究,了解在沙漠风沙沉积中210Pb比活度的分布,探讨210Pb方法对风沙沉积物年龄和沉积速率的适用性。同时,试图通过对样品粒径与总210Pb(210Pbtot)比活度的关系建立拟合方程,为运用210Pb方法进行沉积物研究提供粒度校正方面的参考。运用210Pb计年的前提之一是具有稳定的沉积环境[9]。腾格里沙漠位于阿拉善台地东南部一断陷盆地,东界贺兰山,西北以雅布赖山与巴丹吉林沙漠相隔,南侧… 相似文献
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广西平果龙何屯岩溶洼地剖面土壤~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb比活度分布的影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb技术广泛应用于土壤侵蚀研究,但由于岩溶区的特殊性,如地表地下双层结构的存在,土壤形成慢,土层薄且不连续,易被侵蚀等特点,一定程度上限制了~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb技术在岩溶区的应用。文章选取广西平果果化石漠化综合治理示范区龙何屯洼地剖面,沿剖面采集土壤样品,进行~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度研究,得到以下认识:(1)土壤表层及整个土壤剖面~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度正相关,主要是人类活动及土壤迁移引起的土壤再分配导致的;(2)石穴地的137Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度均为最大,除受到邻近裸岩影响还与石穴地良好的集水集土条件有关;(3)洼地底部及沟底~(137)Cs和~(210)Pb放射性比活度相对偏小,主要是坡面长期受到地表径流侵蚀影响,土壤和泥沙在此沉积导致的;(4)退耕还林之后土壤得到很好的保护,并能拦截一定量上游带来的土壤,但由于岩溶环境的特殊性,地下漏失无法避免。 相似文献
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利用长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室Agilent 7700X四极杆等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和Photo Machines Analyte Excite 193nm激光,在激光频率为5Hz,束斑直径为35μm条件下,对91500、GJ-1、Ple?ovice和Qinghu 4个标准锆石进行了原位微区U-Pb同位素和微量元素测定。结果显示,91500标准锆石20个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为1059~1070Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为1063.8±6.6Ma;GJ-1标准锆石28个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为601~610Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为605.4±3.0Ma;Ple?ovice标准锆石28个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为336~341Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为338.8±1.4Ma;Qinghu标准锆石40个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为158~165Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为159.9±0.7Ma。上述结果表明,91500、GJ-1、Ple?ovice和Qinghu 4个标准锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄都在误差范围内,且年龄加权平均值与前人报道的年龄在误差范围内一致。同时,4个标准锆石的微量元素结果基本落在前人文献报道的范围内。从4个标准锆石的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线可以看出,稀土元素的相对含量较准确。以上结果表明,建立的测试方法实现了对锆石原位微区U-Pb定年及微量元素的同时测定,分析数据结果准确、可靠。 相似文献
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作者测定了博斯腾湖沉积岩心~(210)Pb、~(228)Th和核试验释放核素~(239,240)Pu、~3H的分布,并据~(210)Pb、~(228)Th、~(239,240)Pu的结果估算湖泊的沉积速率,分别为0.31cm/a,0.26cm/a和0.33cm/a。它表明该湖泊近百年来沉积环境十分稳定。沉积物岩心极好地保存了人类大气核试验的历史记录。~(239,240)Pu分布在1963±2出现峰值,与60年代核试验高峰期相当吻合。沉积物孔隙水~3H分布的峰值出现在1969年,与湖水的混合过程有关。 相似文献
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引言 铅同位素组成在宇宙化学和地球化学中具有重要意义’。~(206)Pb,~(207)Pb和~(208)Pb分别是自然界中三个天然放射系~(238)U系,~(235)U系和~(232)Th系的终点产物,所以各种陨石和岩石中的铅同位素丰度模式可作为测定它们年龄的“放射性时钟”。 激光探针质谱法(简称LAMMA,全称LAser-Mikrosonden-Massen-Analysator),迄今大约只有四、五年的发展历史,但由于该法具有灵敏度高、又可作同位素分析及剖面分 相似文献
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《地球化学》2017,(5)
2015年9月至2016年3月,研究分析了深圳市大气气溶胶中(TSP、PM2.5)~(210)Pb和~(210)Po的放射性比活度,并依据~(210)Po/~(210)Pb的活度比,计算了两种不同粒径范围的大气颗粒物滞留时间(RTA),探讨了大气RTA的影响因素。结果表明,深圳市大气TSP滞留时间为4.5~32.2 d,平均14.7 d;PM2.5的滞留时间为11.1~23.6 d,平均16.1 d。大气颗粒物滞留时间与粒径大小和气象条件密切相关,降雨可有效降低粗颗粒大气滞留时间,而逆温静风条件则可使大气RTA显著增加。通过气溶胶中~(210)Po/~(210)Pb的活度比计算获得的表观大气滞留时间是大气颗粒物滞留时间与气溶胶迁移传输时间共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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内蒙古乌梁素海~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs测年与现代沉积速率 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
对乌梁素海沉积物柱心样品进行210Pb、137Cs测年分析表明,柱心剖面上有明显的1963年蓄积峰,这个蓄积峰对乌梁素海的现代沉积有明显的时标意义。根据210Pb的CRS模式,可以计算出每个样品深度所对应的年代,在该沉积柱心中与137Cs时标吻合较好。乌梁素海的沉积速率并不稳定,变化比较大,表明乌梁素海近113 a来沉积环境不稳定。210Pb、137Cs两种计年方法的结合有助于认识沉积速率变化较大的沼泽的沉积状况,也有助于对核素计年方法的理解。 相似文献
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210Pb具有百年时间尺度沉积计年的重要价值。210Pbex计年假设：沉积物是封闭系统；进入水体的210Pb能有效地转移到沉积物中并不发生沉积后迁移；非过剩210Pb与其母体226Ra保持平衡。210Pbex计年可用稳定输入通量-稳定沉积物堆积速率模式、常量初始浓度模式或恒定补给速率模式。沉积物柱芯必须保持原态并以0．5～1cm间隔分截；用相应层节226Ra校正。沉积物表层混合作用及222Rn的丢失可能导致顶部210Pbex异常。季节性缺氧湖泊沉积物顶部可能存在210Pb及210Po的再迁移。210Pb与137Cs两种计年方法原理上具有根本差别。210Pb，137Cs与沉积纹理方法对比是准确计年的重要保证。 相似文献
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Reliable dating is an essential element of palaeoseismological studies, yet whilst a suite of geochronological methods can now provide late Quaternary age control it remains very difficult to date modern events (i.e., those occurring within the last 150 years). This is significant because the starting point for many palaeoseismological investigations is a modern surface-rupturing event, whose geological effects need to be disentangled in trench stratigraphies from palaeoseismic ruptures. Two dating methods which, in combination, can provide robust dating control in recently deposited sediments are the 210Pb and 137Cs dating methods. Here, we test the applicability of using 210Pb and 137Cs to date colluvial sediments exposed in three trenches excavated across an earthquake fault—the Eliki fault, Gulf of Corinth, Greece—which ruptured in an earthquake in 1861. The 210Pb and 137Cs profiles observed in these colluvial sequences are relatively erratic due to the mixed nature of the sediments, i.e., their deposition in an environment where the supply of slope sediments is driven by seasonal rainfall, causing non-uniform sediment accretion and sediment reworking. In one trench, however, 210Pb dating, corroborated by 137Cs dating, indicates that a proposed post-1861 surface colluvial unit has been deposited over the period 1950 AD–present (at a rate of ca. 9 mm/year), and overlies a significantly older unit (>120 years old). The dating control provided here by 210Pb and 137Cs dating corroborates the published interpretation of the trench stratigraphy, and refines the 14C-based estimated dates for the upper unit. At two other trenches 210Pb and 137Cs dating only provided minimum ages (based on the presence or absence of 210Pbexcess and 137Cs). Such approximate ages, however, may still useful in corroborating interpretations made using the trench stratigraphy, or, at sites which have long earthquake recurrence intervals, determining which earthquake event was responsible for a particular bed offset. 相似文献
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210Pb geochronology is described mathematically, but how to cut a sediment core is not explicit. Thick sectioning may reduce dating reliability; but on the contrary, thin sectioning is time-consuming. Considering the counting error of excess 210Pb, a new method was proposed for the determination of meaningful thickness for sectioning. The authors applied this method to a core from Tokyo Bay. To increase the thickness with depth, the treatment is helpful in reducing the sample number for measurement and improving the dating accuracy. In addition, the averaging effect involved in sectioning was discussed, and it was confirmed that the averaging effect in the new method on 210Pb geochronology may generally be neglected. 相似文献
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Lead-210 (210Pb) deposited from the atmosphere is used in the dating of certain geological materials such as glacial ice and lacustrine
sediments, but its long-term atmospheric behavior has been little studied. The present investigation reports measurements
of airborne 210Pb at 21 monitoring stations in Springfield, Missouri, during 1975–1995. Seasonal and diurnal patterns of atmospheric concentrations
are established, and the mean annual concentrations of 210Pb in ground level air during the 20-year period are examined. Although airborne 210Pb concentrations are found to vary diurnally and seasonally, mean annual concentrations in southwest Missouri have remained
relatively constant during this time period. This finding is important for geochronological methods that assume a constant
210Pb flux from the atmosphere.
Received: 8 September 1998 · Accepted: 12 October 1998 相似文献
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现代侵蚀作用核素示踪研究新进展 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
利用放射性核素示踪环境地球化学过程是国际地球科学的前缘课题。介绍了利用宇宙线成因的短寿命散落核素7Be示踪土壤季节性侵蚀及其与湖泊沉积耦合关系的最新研究进展;证实了利用核爆炸散落核素137Cs示踪累计性土壤侵蚀和沉积计年的可靠性;阐述了226Ra和228Ra在土壤中比活度的形态变化分异具有很好的侵蚀－堆积示踪价值;揭示了在不同生物化学条件下,210Pb的行为特征和影响因素,并将210Pbex示踪碳酸盐岩区域土壤侵蚀速率结果与湖泊沉积速率相耦合,证明了利用210Pb示踪土壤侵蚀的可行性。 相似文献
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J. R. L. Allen J. E. Rae G. Longworth S. E. Hasler M. Ivanovich 《Estuaries and Coasts》1993,16(3):670-677
The210Pb dates from a salt-marsh sediment sequence at Tites Point, Severn Estuary, southwest England, were compared with the results of three other independent dating techniques. These methods are inspection of dated topographic maps for the presence of absence of the salt marsh, dating of artifacts in a well-defined horizon within the sequence, and counting annual bands. All four sets of dates showed good agreement to about 30 cm depth from the present marsh surface; thereafter, dates from the210Pb method are earlier than those from the other methods, which are themselves in agreement. It is concluded that a wide range of methods can be successfully used for dating salt-marsh sediments (e.g., radiometric techniques, topographic maps, archaeological evidence, annual banding). Where possible, it is important to confirm dates using at least two independent techniques. 相似文献
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Three hydrographic surveys were carried out in Deep Bay, which is located in the eastern part of Pearl estuary between Shenzhen, the most successful special economic zone of PRC, and Hong Kong. Data on current, size distributions of bottom sediment, suspended solids, and some water quality parameters were obtained. This information is of value for mathematical modeling of tidal circulation and sediment transport in the bay, and also useful in the planning of further development in this area. The sedimentation rate in Deep Bay was estimated by two different approaches, viz. comparison of historical navigation maps and210Pb dating. Information obtained from the maps indicated that average sedimentation rate between 1898 and 1949 was about 8 mm/yr, while a 15 mm/yr figure was obtained from the210Pb dating for recent years. 相似文献
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厦门火烧屿裸露岩石的铀放射系不平衡 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
用HPGeγ谱方法测定了厦门火烧屿裸露岩石天然放射性核素^40K、^228Ra、^228Th、^238U、^226Ra和^210Pb含量，对其铀系不平衡关系进行了讨论，发现钍系核素^228Ra和^228Th基本上是平衡的，而大部分样品^226Ra相对于^228U、^210Pb相对于^226Ra亏损。由此推论，水体作用下岸边岩石中^226Ra直接进入水体，可以是海水中^226Ra的一个来源；岸边岩石中^222Rn逸出后，衰变^210Pb再进入水体，可以是海水中^210Pb的一个来源。 相似文献