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1.
我国寒区输水工程研究进展与展望   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
何鹏飞  马巍 《冰川冻土》2020,42(1):182-194
由于极端寒冷和其他复杂环境条件, 寒区输水工程容易发生冻害, 威胁其供水能力和安全保障。通过综述寒区输水工程研究的文献和进展, 概括冻害现象、 冻害原因、 研究方法以及防治措施, 提出未来需要研究和应对的问题。寒区输水工程冻害现象主要表现为衬砌破坏, 防渗保温层破坏, 接缝止水材料脱落, 渠道基土流失、 滑塌、 冰塞和漫堤等; 引起冻害的原因主要为冻胀、 冻融循环、 不良地质条件、 不合理施工和管理等; 研究方法方面通常从衬砌优化设计和基土水热力分析展开; 防治措施主要有基土换填, 铺设防渗保温层和排水等。目前研究中的不足主要表现在衬砌受力分析模型过于简化, 对不同防渗保温措施缺乏定量研究, 水热力分析时未考虑输水渠道特殊条件以及缺乏冬季延长输水时间管理的科学方法等问题。  相似文献   

2.
构造地质成因分析,在油气田开发中具有十分重要的作用。文章从国内外研究现状入手,在文献调研基础上详细对 比了油气田开发中构造地质成因分析的优缺点。总结了构造地质成因分析研究内容:(1) 通过构造演化历史分析和地应力 场等研究,确定断裂体系构造地质成因。(2) 井震结合开展精细的构造解释,分析构造地质成因。(3) 对构造地质成因研 究方法进行探索和改进。(4) 综合动静态资料,开展储层地质成因分析。(5) 与沉积相研究和成岩作用研究等紧密结合。 (6) 加强地质成因分析成果应用,为油气田开发提供基础。(7) 裂缝表征和建模。(8) 微构造地质成因分析。油气田开发 中构造地质成因分析的方法主要包括:基础地质研究、野外露头观察描述、岩心观察和描述、镜下薄片观察、物理模拟、 各种测井解释、地震解释、各种分析测试统计、地质建模、动态监测和生产动态分析方法等。结合研究实践,对每一种方 法的优缺点进行分析。在此基础上,指出了油气田开发中构造地质成因分析存在的8方面主要问题和发展趋势。  相似文献   

3.
本文通过镜下鉴定,结合电子探针分析、X衍射分析等,总结了研究区各金矿床(点)的矿物物性,成分,分布等特征,矿物学的表明,整个成矿过程和构造动力变质密切相关。  相似文献   

4.
赵礼龙 《江西地质》1997,11(2):61-70
文中对石煤的定义及功能等一般性特征作了介绍,在综合考察的基础上,对修水、武宁地区石煤的分布、产状、煤质及伴生元素等作了分析研究,并阐述了其特点。同时,对开发利用石煤的现状和前景作了分析,提出了开发利用石煤的途径和建议。  相似文献   

5.
分析岩石薄片显微图像中的矿物组成、结构构造、生成顺序、围岩蚀变和次生变化等特征,可以进行岩石种类鉴定、地质构造分析、古地质环境反演等相关研究。对于岩石薄片图像的分析及信息提取目前主要依靠专家进行人工目视解译。而利用计算机技术进行自动、快速、客观、准确的岩石薄片图像智能分析,将能有效提高相关研究工作的效率,为“大数据+地球系统科学”的研究范式提供基础。本文综述了岩石薄片图像智能分析的相关工作,从技术方法的角度系统归纳和阐述了其一般原理和方法,分类总结了相关应用案例,分析和展望这一领域存在的挑战与发展方向。  相似文献   

6.
长江三角洲全新世环境演变与人地关系研究综述   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
综合分析了近20年来长江三角洲全新世环境演变与人地关系研究的进展,着重对长江三角洲的形成与演变、环境演变与人类活动、人地关系的历史演变、古环境研究方法等进行了综述。指出今后研究的主要内容,包括多种环境替代指标的相互验证,高分辨率研究,定量研究,加强环境质量的时空演变研究,加强综合研究,寻求人地关系协调发展的途径。  相似文献   

7.
研究表明Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等是毛家店金矿床深部预测及找矿评价的指示元素,相关分析和对应分析等结果表明,毛家店金矿床的金矿化主要有两期。  相似文献   

8.
磁学方法在环境污染研究中的应用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
环境磁学方法问世20多年来,因其快速、灵敏、经济、无破坏性和信息量大的特点,在环境研究中得到广泛的应用。磁学方法可用于传统的污染分析技术(化学)之前的预研究,而后者一般耗费大量人力、物力和时间;它也可以作为环境污染评估的代用指标。近年来,随着世界环境污染问题的日益严重和倍受关注,磁学方法被广泛地应用于环境污染研究。欧洲环境磁学专家在重建污染历史、监测现代环境污染、追踪与分离污染源等方面,开展了大量的工作,并积累了一定的经验。介绍了磁学方法用于污染研究的显著特点、主要用途、野外工作方法以及相关仪器;展示了在大气、土壤、潮滩、河流、湖泊以及海洋等不同环境系统中,利用磁手段研究污染的成果和最新进展;对 于一些难点、热点问题,如磁性机理的研究、多源污染的分离、强烈多变的人类活动对获取有意义磁讯号的影响等,做了相应的分析和总结。  相似文献   

9.
金宝林 《安徽地质》2004,14(2):86-90
安徽天长地区阜宁组砂岩储层以细一粉长石砂岩为主。利用岩石薄片、粒度、物性、扫描电镜、X—光衍射、压汞和孔隙结构图像分析等资料,对砂岩的岩石成分、成岩特点、孔隙演化、孔隙类型、孔隙结构等进行了分析研究,在此基础上,对储层进行了分类,  相似文献   

10.
承德地区是京津冀水源涵养功能区和生态环境支撑区,为可持续开发与保护承德地区矿泉水资源,探求区域内含锶矿泉水成因并圈定矿泉水潜力区,依托承德地区项目组所开展的含锶矿泉水调查与勘探,在生态水文地质调查,地下水、泉、地表水样品采集及含锶矿泉水检测分析基础上,通过分析整理大量的含锶样品测试分析数据,针对主要岩性含锶值量化对比,以及含锶点图层叠加耦合,利用统计学中的相关分析、对比分析、因子分析,对研究区内三大岩类中主要岩性含锶值量化对比分析,明确指出了本区富含锶的岩性地层潜力层;利用GIS数据空间叠加分析等方法将区内含锶矿泉水分布与岩性、构造在空间上叠加并进行关联分析,圈定出富含锶矿泉水潜力构造区域带,分析研究区域内含锶矿泉水的分布规律特征及成因,为进一步指导研究区探寻构造带及地层中的富锶矿泉水潜力区,提供精准靶向目标;为进一步研究含锶矿泉水成因,尤其是富锶水与构造密切性、开采条件等因素深入研究提供重要基础支撑。  相似文献   

11.
滇西勐海西定地区,在大地构造上位于西南“三江”造山带南段昌宁-孟连结合带东侧的双江-澜沧俯冲增生杂岩带内。该区分布有一套晚古生代的浅变质碎屑岩系--南段组(DCn)。该套地层既显示层型面状构造型式,又发育有顺层片理、顺层掩卧褶皱、粘滞型石香肠及顺层韧性剪切带等构造形迹,具明显的分层剪切变形、横向构造置换和顺层固态流变特点,构成较典型的褶叠层构造。本文对其构造变形特征进行了系统分析与总结,结合区域构造背景研究成果认为,南段组褶叠层构造总体形成于昌宁-孟连古特提斯洋闭合后同碰撞造山收缩挤压背景下的伸展剪切机制。同时指出,南段组是经过构造改造重建而形成的构造地层单元,应称其为南段岩组;现今露头剖面所见南段岩组岩性组合及厚度只代表改造后构造地层的岩性组合特征及褶叠层的露头厚度,不能完全代表南段组原沉积地层的韵律组合及沉积地层厚度;应按构造地层单位进行划分、填图和研究。褶叠层构造作为浅变质岩区一种普遍的构造型式,是对岩石变形组合特征的客观认识,其构造型式、形成机制、形成层次以及形成时间的研究对分析造山带构造演化过程和深化大陆动力学机制的认识具有科学意义。  相似文献   

12.
Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group.  相似文献   

13.
富镉铅锌矿山的环境影响——以贵州都匀牛角塘矿床为例   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
矿床的开采和选冶,常常将其中重金属有毒元素释放到环境中,铅锌矿造成的环境污染尤为严重。贵州都匀牛角塘矿床是国内外少见的富镉锌矿床,其中镉高度富集。本文通过对通过对矿区水、土壤及植物的分析和调查,发现其中镉和锌均已远远超过国家标准,矿区周围环境已受到严重污染。研究表明矿床的表生风化作用是镉等重金属释放的主要途径之一,更重要的是矿山的采矿和选矿更加剧了其释放量,虽在目前人群中没有明显中毒现象,可能是由于矿床开采时间较短,Cd等重金属元素在人体中积累不多所致。但矿山环境污染是污染元素长期积累造成的结果,即使在矿山关闭十年、上百年甚至上千年时间内,矿山尾矿淋滤液对环境生态的影响依然存在。因此,在矿山开发过程中必须注意矿床中有用元素的综合利用和重视环境保护,防患于未然。特别是对这类富含有毒污染元素的金属矿山的开采更应如此。  相似文献   

14.
The small, burrowing, edwardsiid sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is widely distributed in estuaries and bays. Most typically it occurs in pools in marshes though it may occur subtidally as well. We have compiled records of its occurrence in North America from Nova Scotia to Georgia along the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, from Florida to Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico and from California to Washington on the Pacific coast. To date we have found no records of its presence in Alabama or Texas, though it is present in all other of the contiguous coastal states of the United States. The species also occurs in England. We have obtained living specimens from many locations and have crossed females from England, Maryland, Georgia, California, Oregon, and Washington with males from Nova Scotia, Maryland, Georgia, and Oregon. These 24 crosses all yielded viable first-generation anemones that in turn produced second-generation animals. We accept this as proof that this widely distributed anemone is a single species. We have obtained living N. vectensis from 11 areas. Of these, only samples from Maine, Maryland, Georgia, and Oregon contained both sexes. The sample from Nova Scotia was all male and our samples from England, New Hampshire, California, and Washington were all female. We hypothesize that the unisexual samples were from clones resulting from asexual reproduction in this species. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY066 00015  相似文献   

15.
Tony WALTHAM 《中国岩溶》2009,28(4):355-369
“峰丛”和“峰林”是在中文文献中使用的两种主要的喀斯特地貌术语。而在其他国家,这两种地貌通常被定义为“锥状喀斯特”和“塔状喀斯特”,但峰丛、峰林与锥状喀斯特、塔状喀斯特并不完全相同。中国喀斯特分布广泛,本文把西方和中国的喀斯特专业术语连接起来,能让西方地貌学家更好地了解中国的喀斯特。本文是朱学稳教授近期发表于《中国岩溶》第28卷第2期上的 “我国峰林喀斯特的苦干问题讨论”论文的英文附加篇。 峰丛喀斯特地貌遍及贵州省及其临近省份大部分地区,其锥体石山较爪哇、牙买加和菲律宾群岛的更高更陡。尽管后者为西方所熟知,但贵州的峰丛可以说是峰丛和锥状喀斯特的典型代表。不过广西的峰林仅在中国以外东南亚的小部分地区可以看见。许多被西方认为是塔状喀斯特的地貌并非真正的峰林。问题产生的原因在于西方学者通过山体形状来区分锥状喀斯特和塔状喀斯特,而中国的学者是根据石峰之间是否存在喀斯特平原来区分峰林和峰丛。 峰丛喀斯特是一种发育成熟的石灰岩地貌,具有深厚的包气带、完整的地下排泄系统,以及发育时间长并免遭更新代冰川破坏的山体形貌。峰林喀斯特是一种极端地貌,仅在横向夷平持续时间比较长的特定环境中形成。峰林形成条件是:(1)石灰岩质纯;(2) 石灰岩层厚;(3)喀斯特平原上有冲积层发育;(4)地下水位变化幅度不大;(5)冲积平原有外源沉积物的流入补充;(6)缓慢构造抬升与喀斯特平原表面剥蚀相适应;(7)具有使石灰岩快速溶蚀的炎热湿润气候;(8)周围喀斯特平原下降时,地面蚀低和石灰岩山体边坡后退平衡。如果构造条件合适的话,峰丛可以演化为峰林。但如果有其他因素起作用,峰林和峰丛似乎可以并行发育。二者的起源仍然备受争论,并且峰林的起源恐怕是多种的。建议国际学术文献中应更加广泛地应用“峰丛”和“峰林”术语,“锥状喀斯特”和“塔状喀斯特”则主要用于对形态方面的描述。   相似文献   

16.
安徽省金寨县银沙盖井爆发角砾岩筒成矿特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
王玉贤 《安徽地质》2006,16(3):180-184,189
1977年至1981年,313地质队在银沙地区开展银矿普查时,发现了爆发角砾岩型钼矿化和正长岩型铌矿化。但由于历史的原因,没有对Mo、Nb矿化特征进行深入研究。本文在利用以往资料的基础上,分析研究控矿条件和地质特征、矿化特征等,在此基础上正确划分和圈连矿体,发现Mo、Nb矿体规模可观,明显具有进一步工作的资源潜质。  相似文献   

17.
西藏双湖托纳木区块油气成藏条件分析与评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陶晓风  李一超 《地质学报》2006,80(8):1219-1225
托纳木地区位于西藏北羌塘盆地的南缘,通过综合油气地质评价,认为该区块内的晚侏罗世地层中存在有效的储集层和储集体;生储盖组合配置较好;烃源岩生烃强度高;具有适时有效的圈闭构造,对油气保存条件有利;托纳木背斜为该区块内最具勘探前景的圈闭构造。  相似文献   

18.
Bedload is moved down the East Fork River in distinct wavelike pulses that have the form of composite dune fields The moving material consists mostly of coarse sand and fine gravel The wavelengths of the pulses are about 500–600 m, a distance that is predetermined by the pattern of stoage of bed sediment in the river during low water As the river discharge increases, the bed sediment is scoured from the storage areas, and it is moved onto and across the interventing riffles As the river discharge decreases, the bed sediment is scoured off the riffles and moved into the next storage area downstream Each successive pulse of water discharge sets into motion a wave of bedload that continues to move unitil it reaches the next storage area  相似文献   

19.
Eugene J McCann 《Geoforum》2002,33(3):385-398
A major concern of work in urban and political geography in recent decades has been to analyze how and in whose interests local space economies are produced and reproduced. A common focus is on the role local elites play in gathering support for their development agendas. Drawing from these literatures, this paper focuses on how various visions of the future of localities are contested in the local policy process. It argues that this struggle can be usefully understood as a cultural politics in which meanings are defined and struggled over, where social values are naturalized, and by which `common sense' is constructed and contested. The use of the term `cultural politics of local economic development' is, then, intended to indicate that meaning-making and place-making occur simultaneously in struggles over the future of space economies. It is also an attempt to overcome the problematic distinction between `culture' and `economy' that continues to haunt a great deal of work on urban politics. Through a case study of urban politics in Lexington, Kentucky in which discursive strategies are highlighted, it is argued that this approach is useful in that it provides insight into non-elite perspectives on local economic development and that it underscores the role played by everyday life in constituting political action. The paper concludes by suggesting that any problematization of the conceptual distinction between `culture' and `economy' must be carried out in and through detailed analyses of how groups involved in social struggle frequently construct rhetorical strategies in reference to it.  相似文献   

20.
Joe Bryan 《Geoforum》2011,42(1):40-50
Recent critiques of participatory mapping point out the degree to which, as a practice, it has become disciplined by legal prospects for recognition often adopted as part of neoliberal reforms. Yet while neoliberalism certainly disciplines the practice of mapping, they are not reducible to expressions of its dominance. Through a discussion of a participatory mapping project in the Mosquitia region of Honduras, I show how the practice of producing and using maps involves negotiating a spatially complex terrain shaped by multiple and overlapping forms of territory and authority. Insofar as mapping involves movement through this terrain, it engages multiple spatialities that inform assessments of the potential for legal recognition and critically awareness of its constraints. Questions of what to map and how to go about doing it are thus never merely technical concerns. Instead they are diagnostic of broader relations of power that position participants in mapping projects. Rather than producing an authoritative account of that process, my argument here is aimed at learning from it, developing the prospects for a critically-informed, collaborative approach to mapping.  相似文献   

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