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1.
钨和锡—华南型块状硫化物矿床的特征元素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
钨和锡是大陆地壳背景上形成的华南型块状硫化物矿床的特征元素。该类矿床中钨和锡的高含量往往与基底岩系中这两种元素的初步富集有关,因而反映了大陆地壳的富钨、富锡特征。海底热液、陆源沉积和岩浆热液等地质作用的叠加可使基底岩系中的钨和锡发生活化转移而进入块状硫化物矿床。 相似文献
2.
新疆昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床及成矿地质环境 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
新疆西昆仑奥依塔克-恰尔隆拗陷带内阿克塔什-萨落依成矿带发现多处火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。这些矿床产在石炭系双峰式火山岩系之内，沿着下石炭统基性火山岩和上石炭统酸性火山岩两个层位产出，分别以玄武岩和流纹岩为容矿主岩，可以明显地分成基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型两种类型。矿石主成矿元素均以铜为主，含少量的锌，几乎不含铅，矿床类型属于铜型。这些基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型矿床被统称为昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。根据矿床产出地质环境、双峰式火山岩系、沉积建造以及火山岩地球化学特征，推断昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床最可能形成于泥盆纪-石炭纪弧后拉张构造环境。 相似文献
3.
华南型块状硫化物矿床层状矿体下盘往往存在着裂隙充填、热液交代和角砾岩矿化形成的不整合矿体,其矿石成分主要有铜-硫和铅-锌两种类型。它们是块状硫化物成矿溶液在海水-岩石界面以下的卸载产物。在找矿工作中应充分重视寻找这类矿体。 相似文献
4.
西昆仑上其汗地区块状硫化物矿床的区域成矿条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
块状硫化物矿床是西昆仑地区重要的铜矿床类型之一。为了探明西昆仑地区该类型矿床的区域成矿条件和有关成矿作用过程，本根据翔实的野外资料和系统的采样分析，通过对上其汗典型块状硫化物矿床有关岩矿标本和样品的光、薄片研究与硅酸盐全分析，综合前人资料分析指出，上其汗地区是苏巴什—上其汗加里东期岛弧带的组成部分，大量火山岩的形成为块状硫化物矿床提供了金属元素矿源；深成钙碱性侵入岩为硫化物矿床的形成提供了热源。因此，该区具有中一大型块状硫化物型层状铜多金属矿的找矿前景。 相似文献
5.
广西容县鸡笼顶块状硫化物矿床成矿地质条件及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸡笼顶块状硫化物矿床产于云开地体与钦州拼接带的过渡部位，受地体边缘石圭－样桂同生大断裂控制。本文从控矿因素、矿体形态结构、矿物元素组合、矿石结构构造、矿化类型、金属分带、矿体化探异常及围岩蚀变等多方面进行研究，并对比海底喷气沉积型矿床的产出特征，认为鸡笼顶块状硫化物矿床是海相沉积岩块状硫化物型铜银多金属矿床。 相似文献
6.
本文从现代海底热液成矿系统和古代块状硫化物矿床中都含有大量的贵金属这一事实出发，论证了贱金属硫化物矿床中贵金属的重要性，并论述了Ａｕ，Ａｇ在矿物、矿石、矿体及矿床类型中的分布特征及其Ｃｕ－Ａｕ共生、Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ）－Ａｇ共生相合对于矿床地质和找矿的意义。 相似文献
7.
对金川镍铜铂硫化物矿床Ⅰ、Ⅱ矿区主矿体典型钻孔中的不同类型矿石进行了系统观察和铂族元素分布特征研究。金川矿床中星点状矿石、网状矿石、块状矿石PGE 总量依次降低,由西至东24 号、1 号、2 号矿体的PGE 总量亦具渐次降低趋势。形成块状矿石的硫化物熔体PGE 分异作用较星点状和网状矿石更充分; 块状矿石铂族元素分布特征显示其受晚期硫化物熔体分离结晶和单硫化物固溶体( MSS) 分离作用控制。研究结果表明: 星点状矿石是岩浆分离结晶过程中较快速度冷凝和就地硫化物熔离的结果; 而网状矿石可能是硫化物熔体经深部熔离但未经充分的硫化物分离结晶作用贯入的产物; 块状矿石成因定量模拟结果排除了R 因子控制作用,不同矿体中块状矿石由不同程度的单硫化物固溶体( MSS) 分离结晶所形成。 相似文献
8.
块状硫化物矿床的一个特殊类型──德尔尼铜矿 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
德尔尼矿床为一含多种有用组分的综合性中、大型矿床，具典型的块状硫化物矿床特征。其成因类型属深部熔离一构造侵位矿床。据矿床产出的特殊地质条件及其成因，该矿床是块状硫化物矿床中的一个特殊类型，可划为“德尔尼型”。 相似文献
9.
古代与现代海底黑矿型块状硫化物矿床矿石地球化学比较研究 总被引：33，自引：1，他引：33
选择西南太平洋冲绳海槽现代海底烟囱硫化物矿床、日本小坂矿山上向黑矿（第三纪）和中国西南呷村黑矿型矿床（三叠纪）进行了矿石地球化学比较研究。黑矿型矿床矿石吨位－品位模式与其他火山成因块状硫化物（ＶＭＳ）矿床类似，矿田（２０－５０ｋｍ＾２）矿石吨位与单个喷气－沉积型（Ｓｅｄｅｘ）矿床相当，金属总量４－６Ｍｔ，为矿田范围内热液流体搬运的最大金属量。与洋脊环境ＶＭＳ矿床相比，岛弧裂谷环境产出的黑矿型矿床相 相似文献
10.
块状硫化物矿床的地球化学找矿标志 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
近年来国外发现了许多大型块状硫化物矿床，而我国进展还不大。原因之一是我们对这类矿床的地质特征，成矿条件尤其是找矿标志研究还不够。这是一类成矿物质通过热液作用在海底沉积而成的特殊矿床，故在找矿勘探讨既要研究沉积矿时形成的原生晕，又要研究热液经过围岩时蚀变而产生的次生晕?Ｍｎ晕，Ｔｌ，Ｈｇ，Ｂａ，Ａｓ和Ｚｎ等元素的异常，络合剂元素的富集，微量元素的分布，铅同位素，岩石化学异指数尤其是块状硫化物Ｃｕ矿中 相似文献
11.
The Ortaklar VMS deposit is hosted in the Koçali Complex consisting of basalts and deep sea pelagic sediments, which formed by rifting and continental break-up of the southern Neotethyan in Late Triassic. The basalts are of NMORB-type without notable crustal contamination. From the surface to depth, the Ortaklar deposit consists of a gossan zone, a thick massive ore zone and a poorly developed stockwork zone. Primary mineralisation is characterised by distinctive facies including sulphide breccias (proximal), graded beds (distal), stockworks and chimney fragments. Ore mineral abundances decrease in the order of pyrite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. Two distinct phases of mineralisation, massive magnetite and massive sulphide, are present in the Ortaklar deposit. Textural evidence (e.g., magnetite replacing sulphides) and the spatial relationships with the host rocks indicate that magnetite and sulphide minerals were generated in different stages. The transition from sulphide to magnetite mineralisation is interpreted to relate to variation in H2S content of ore fluids. The 1st stage massive sulphide ore might have formed by early hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe and H2S. The 2nd stage massive magnetite might have formed by later neutral hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe but poor in H2S, replacing the pre-existing sulphide ore.The alteration patterns, mineral paragenesis, lithological features (massive ore-stockwork ore-gossan) of the Ortaklar deposit together with its trace elements, Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag and REE signatures are all consistent with a Cyprus-type VMS system. The δ34S values in pyrite and chalcopyrite samples range from 2.6 to 5.7‰, indicating that the hydrothermal fluids were associated with sub-seafloor igneous activity, typical of Cyprus-type VMS deposits. However, magnetite formed later than sulphide minerals in the Ortaklar deposit, contrasting with typical Cyprus-type VMS deposits where magnetite generally occurs in lower sections. Consequently, although the Ortaklar deposit generally conforms to Cyprus-type deposits, it is distinguished from them by its late stage and high magnetite concentration. Thus, the Ortaklar deposit is thought to be an exceptional and perhaps unique Cyprus-type VMS deposit. 相似文献
12.
根据金矿床中碲、硒赋存特点与富集程度,可将Au-(Ag)-Te-Se成矿系统的矿床成因类型划分为:(1) 浅成低温热液型金-银矿床;(2) 造山型金矿床;(3) 卡林-类卡林型金矿床;(4) 碱性-偏碱性侵入岩型金矿床;(5)斑岩型(铜)金矿床;(6) 夕卡岩型(铜)金矿床;(7) VMS型金多金属矿床。碲、硒都是亲地幔的元素,侵入岩与火山岩是Au-(Ag)-Te-Se成矿系统中碲、硒的重要来源,黑色岩系也是硒的重要来源。温度、pH、氧逸度等是控制Te、Se的迁移与富集的重要因素。Au-(Ag)-Te-Se成矿系统的成矿机制与岩浆脱气、流体-熔体分离、水-岩反应、流体沸腾与混合、有机作用密切相关。其中岩浆脱气、流体-熔体分离、流体沸腾与流体混合是碲化物型金矿床的重要成矿机制,而水-岩反应、流体混合、有机作用是硒化物型金矿床的重要成矿机制。在成矿过程中,先期形成一些亚稳定或不稳定的过渡态矿物易发生固溶体分离作用,或是不饱和流体与已形成的矿物发生溶解-再沉淀作用,导致矿石具有丰富的物质组成和结构特点。 相似文献
13.
The Iberian Pyrite Belt, located in the SW Iberian Peninsula, contains many Paleozoic giant and supergiant massive sulphide
deposits, including the largest individual massive sulphide bodies on Earth. Total ore reserves exceed 1500 Mt, distributed
in eight supergiant deposits (>100 Mt) and a number of other smaller deposits, commonly with associated stockwork mineralizations
and footwall alteration haloes. Massive sulphide bodies largely consist of pyrite, with subordinated sphalerite, galena and
chalcopyrite and many other minor phases, although substantial differences occur between individual deposits, both in mineral
abundance and spatial distribution. These deposits are considered to be volcanogenic, roughly similar to volcanic-hosted massive
sulphides (VHMS). However, our major conclusion is that the Iberian type of massive sulphides must be considered as a VHMS
sub-type transitional to SHMS.
This work is an assessment of the geological, geochemical and metallogenic data available up to date, including a number of
new results. The following points are stressed; (a) ore deposits are located in three main geological sectors, with the southern
one containing most of the giant and supergiant orebodies, whereas the northern one has mainly small to intermediate-sized
deposits; (b) ore deposits differ one from another both in textures and mineral composition; (c) Co and Bi minerals are typical,
especially in stockwork zones; (d) colloidal and other primary depositional textures are common in many localities; (e) a
close relation has been found between ore deposits and some characteristic sedimentary horizons, such as black shales. In
contrast, relationships between massive sulphides and cherts or jaspers remains unclear; (f) footwall hydrothermal alterations
show a rough zoning, the inner alteration haloes being characterized in places by a high Co/Ni ratio, as well as by mobility
of Zr, Y and REE; (g) 18O and D values indicate that fluids consist of modified seawater, whereas 34S data strongly suggest the participation of bacterial-reduced sulphur, at least during some stages of the massive sulphide
genesis, and (h) lead isotopes suggest a single (or homogeneized) metal source, from both the volcanic piles and the underlying
Devonian rocks (PQ Group).
It is concluded that, although all these features can be compatible with classical VHMS interpretations, it is necessary to
sketch a different model to account for the IPB characteristics. A new proposal is presented, based on an alternative association
between massive sulphide deposits and volcanism. We consider that most of the IPB massive orebodies, in particular the giant
and supergiant ones, were formed during pauses in volcanic activity, when hydrothermal activity was triggered by the ascent
and emplacement of late basic magmas. In these conditions, deposits formed which had magmatic activity as the heat source;
however, the depositional environment was not strictly volcanogenic, and many evolutionary stages could have occurred in conditions
similar to those in sediment-hosted massive sulphides (SHMS). In addition, the greater thickness of the rock pile affected
by hydrothermal circulation would account for the enormous size of many of the deposits.
Received: 8 September 1998 / Accepted: 4 January 1999 相似文献
14.
辽宁红透山块状硫化物矿床矿石糜棱岩铜-金富集机制 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
辽宁红透山太古宙块状硫化物型铜锌矿床成矿后的变质作用达到高角闪岩相 ,并经历了 3个阶段的变形。矿床的主要矿石矿物为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿。主矿体内分布有 30多条矿石糜棱岩带 ,它们大多数平行或近于平行块状硫化物矿层 ,少数产在矿体附近围岩中。带中的各种硫化物矿物均遭受了强烈的剪切变形 ,其中黄铁矿以碎裂为主 ,而磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿显示强烈的塑性。矿石糜棱岩比块状硫化物矿石明显富集铜、金、银等元素 ,其铜、金和银平均含量分别达1 1 .0 0 % ,1 .74g/t和 2 35g/t,相对于块状矿石的富集系数分别为 5 .3、5 .0和 4 .6。这些金属的高度富集主要是因为矿石糜棱岩受到了后期流体的叠加。铅同位素组成表明矿石糜棱岩中的金属一部分来自块状矿石 ,另一部分来自块状硫化物矿体之外。韧性剪切和流体叠加均发生于矿床退变质过程中 相似文献
15.
安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜、金矿床两阶段成矿模式 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
冬瓜山铜金矿床包括层状硫化物矿体、矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体。层状硫化物矿体具层状形态和层控特征，矿石具块状、层纹状和揉皱状构造。燕山期岩浆岩及其岩浆流体对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造，改变了其结构构造、矿物组合和矿石成分，并在其上叠加蚀变和矿化。层状矿体中的铜是由含铜流体交代块状硫化物矿石形成的。冬瓜山铜金矿床经历了两次成矿作用：第一成矿阶段．在石炭纪中期，海底喷流作用形成了块状硫化物矿床，矿石成分以硫、铁矿为主；第二成矿阶段。燕山期岩浆侵人，一方面岩浆热液与围岩相互作用发生矽卡岩化、硅化、钾长石化、石英绢云母化和青磐岩化，形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体，另一方面岩浆流体对块状硫化物矿体进行叠加改造，致使块状硫化物矿体富集铜等成矿物质。 相似文献
16.
The Ordovician Zn–Pb–Cu massive sulphide ore deposits of the Bathurst mining camp share many features with those of the Devonian/Carboniferous Iberian pyrite belt, particularly the tendency to large size (tonnage and metal content); shape, as far as can be determined after allowing for deformation; metal content, particularly Fe/Cu, Pb/Zn and Sn; mineral assemblages (pyrite + arsenopyrite ± pyrrhotite and lack or rarity of sulphates); sulphide textures (particularly framboidal pyrite); lack of chimney structures and rubble mounds; irregular metal or mineral zoning; and the low degree of zone refining compared to Hokuroku ores. The major differences between the provinces are the lack of vent complexes and the presence of Sn–Cu ores in the Iberian pyrite belt. There are also similarities in the geological setting of the two camps: both lie within continental terranes undergoing arc-continent and continent–continent collision, and in each case massive sulphide mineralisation followed ophiolite obduction; the ore deposits are associated with bimodal volcanic rocks derived from MORB and continental crust and marine shales; and mineralisation was locally accompanied or followed by deposition of iron formations.Fluid inclusion data from veins in stockworks from at least six of the Iberian massive sulphide deposits point to sulphide deposition having taken place in basins containing mostly spent saline, ore-forming fluids (brine pools), and it is suggested that most of the major features of the Bathurst deposits can be explained by similar processes. The proposed model is largely independent of ocean sulphate and O2 content, whereas low values of each are requisites for the current, spreading-plume model of sulphide deposition in the Bathurst camp. 相似文献
17.
Cobalt Deposits in the Central China Orogenic Belt 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
XU Yong Bureau of Geology Exploration B Fuxing Rd. Beijing and ZHU Xinyou Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Anwai Beiyuan Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(3):540-543
Cobalt mostly occurs as an associated metal in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, skarn Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits and volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) or sedex deposits. There are different types of cobalt deposits in the Central China orogenic belt. In the Tamu-Kalangu Mississippi-valley type Pb-Zn deposits, many cobalt-nickel sulphide minerals were found. The cobalt content of the ore is 0.064%-0.46% in sedex-type Kendekeke Fe-Pb-Zn-Au deposits, and cobalt sulphide veins with Co contents of 4%-9% have also been found. About 28000 tons of cobalt reserves were delineated in the Dur'ngoi Cu-Co-Zn deposit of VHMS type in the A'nyemaqen Mountains. It is considered that the exploration potential for cobalt is attractive in this district, especially in sedex-type deposits and Co-rich sulphide veins in sedex-type Fe, Cu and Pb-Zn deposits and their surroundings. 相似文献
18.
19.
D. E. Ayres 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):155-168
The main Woodlawn ore lens is a polymetallic, massive sulphide deposit’ with pyrite the major constituent, variable sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, and minor arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, pyrrhotite and electrum. The silicate gangue minerals are chlorite, quartz, talc and sericitic mica. Other mineralization in the vicinity consists of footwall copper ore in chlorite schist and several smaller massive sulphide lenses. The predominant country rocks are felsic volcanics and shales, with abundant quartz, chlorite and mica, and talc in mineralized zones. An important textural feature of the massive ore is the fine compositional banding. Bands, which vary in thickness from a few tens of micrometres to several millimetres, are produced by variations in the sulphide content. Post‐depositional metomorphism and minor fracturing have only slightly modified this banding. Apart from the major element constituents—Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu and S—the ore is characterized by significant (100–1000 ppm) values for Ag, As, Cd, Mn, Sb and Sn, and lower (1–100 ppm) values of Au, Bi, Co, Ga, Hg, Mo, Ni, Tl. In and Ge. Variations in the base‐metal sulphide content, the gangue mineralogy, and trace elements, are used to separate the orebody into hanging‐wall and footwall zones. The hanging‐wall zone shows a more variable trace element content, with higher Tl, Sn, Ni, Mn, Ge and Sb, but lower Ag, Cd, and Mo, than the footwall zone. In general style of mineralization, mineralogy, and chemistry, the Woodlawn deposit resembles other volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in eastern Australia, in New Brunswick in Canada, and the Kuroko deposits of Japan. 相似文献
20.
成矿流体的浓缩作用及浓缩方式研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
几乎所有的大中型热液矿床中都广泛存在着热液蚀变现象,且伴随强烈的成矿流体的浓缩作用。初始浓度较稀薄的含矿流体,通过水岩反应生成富水矿物的交代带使热液中的自由水固化在蚀变岩石中,热液中的自由水与Ｃ、Ｓ等组分反应而被大量地消耗,流体的减压沸腾都可极大地促进成矿热液中自由水的减少,从而使残余流体中金属浓度增高。可以通过构造－蚀变岩填图、实验模拟、特征指示性元素性状研究和交代剖面的数学模拟获得成矿溶液浓缩的幅度,进而判定矿化规模,通常在大、中型矿床中都发生过多次流体浓缩作用,依据水岩反应中流体浓缩理论,建立了含矿 相似文献