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1.
西秦岭温泉斑岩钼矿床岩浆-热液演化 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
西秦岭北缘广泛出露印支期中酸性侵入岩和相关的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床。温泉矿床位于该矿带东段,是其内已探明规模最大的斑岩钼矿床。温泉矿床发育多阶段热液脉体,黄铁矿作为其中的贯通性金属硫化物,其化学组成蕴含着岩浆-热液演化及金属沉淀过程等诸多信息,对于斑岩系统模型的厘定具有重要意义。温泉矿床热液脉体时序为:钾长石-黑云母-石英脉(A脉)、石英-黄铜矿脉、石英-辉钼矿脉(B脉)和石英-绢云母-黄铁矿脉(D脉)。A脉是斑岩系统岩浆-热液演化的最早期脉体,主要矿物组合为钾长石+黑云母+石英+黄铁矿±磁铁矿±磷灰石±黄铜矿,代表了引起早期基性岩浆矿物被蚀变为黑云母的流体通道;B脉与钾长石化蚀变关系密切,围岩中斜长石斑晶大量被蚀变为钾长石;石英-辉钼矿脉切割所有早期黑云母化-钾化蚀变阶段的石英-硫化物网脉,并形成于所有斑岩侵位之后,少量黄铁矿和黄铜矿共生于辉钼矿裂隙及边部;D脉是斑岩系统岩浆-热液成矿作用的最晚期事件,其主要被黄铁矿和石英及少量黄铜矿填充,发育晚期的绢英岩化和泥化蚀变,长石多发生破坏性蚀变。四个阶段石英网脉中黄铁矿电子探针分析显示,A脉的黄铁矿中Cu、Mo和Au含量均较低,有少量的金属硫化物(黄铁矿+黄铜矿)沉淀,但通常不能形成规模矿体;石英-黄铜矿脉的黄铁矿中Cu含量明显较高,且多与高品位Cu矿体的空间产出位置相一致,可能是斑岩系统伴随钾化蚀变作用主要的铜沉淀阶段;B脉的黄铁矿中Mo含量明显较高,与高品位钼矿体空间产出关系密切,可能代表了斑岩系统钼成矿作用的主要阶段;D脉的黄铁矿中Au含量明显升高,可能代表了金在斑岩系统岩浆-热液成矿作用的最晚期事件中的沉淀。 相似文献
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3.
康古尔韧脆性剪切活动控制着东天山二叠纪大规模的金成矿作用。新发现的石东金矿位于东天山康古尔韧性剪切带西段,赋存于石炭系凝灰质砂岩与石炭纪正长斑岩接触带。根据该矿床矿物共生组合和蚀变类型成矿过程可分为黄铁矿-绢云母-石英阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-多金属-自然金阶段(Ⅱ)和绿泥石-方解石-石英阶段(Ⅲ),主成矿阶段(Ⅱ)以粗大石英硫化物脉、中温热液蚀变为特征。载金硫化物及自然金电子探针数据显示该矿床与中低温变质热液活动关系密切,认为是二叠纪康古尔韧性剪切活动过程中形成的金矿床。石东正长斑岩(平均K2O=8.8%)富集大离子亲石元素且具有较低的Mg#值(平均为30.8),认为其起源于康古尔增生杂岩部分熔融,与石东金矿没有直接成因联系。康古尔剪切带内地层-岩浆-构造活动均对二叠纪大规模金成矿事件有贡献,石炭纪碱性花岗侵入体与二叠纪脆-韧性变形是重要找矿标志。 相似文献
4.
Vostok-2—East Russia’s largest skarn deposit of high-grade sulfide-scheelite ore with substantial base-metal and gold mineralization—was formed during the Mesozoic orogenic epoch of evolution of the Far East marginal continental system as an element of the gold-tin-tungsten metallogenic belt. The deposit is related to the multistage monzodiorite-granodiorite-granite complex pertaining to the ilmenite series and spatially associated with a minor granodiorite porphyry (?) stock, which bears petrological features transi- tional to those of intrusive rocks occurring at Au-W and Au deposits. The hydrothermal metasomatic alteration of host rocks evolved from pyroxene skarn via retrograde postskarn and propylitic (hydrosilicate) metasomatic rocks to the late, low-temperature quartz-sericite metasomatic rocks often with albite, chlorite, carbonate, and apatite. The mineral assemblages of skarn and postskarn metasomatic rocks correspond to those at the reduced-type tungsten skarn deposits. Zoning of the postskarn metasomatic rocks is controlled by granodiorite stock. The hydrothermal metasomatic alteration was accompanied by development of mineralization from scheelite via sulfide-scheelite with pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite to the gold-base-metal-scheelite assemblage with arsenopyrite, Bi-Sb-Te-Pb-Zn sulfides and sulfosalts. Several scheelite generations are recognized. Scheelite of the late generations is enriched in Eu, as is typical of gold deposits. The associated gold mineralization comprises both native gold varying in fineness and Au-bearing arsenopyrite. The significant gold mineralization emphasizes genetic links of this deposit with intrusion-related Au-W and Au deposits of the reduced type. 相似文献
5.
黑龙江多宝山矿田争光金矿床类型、U-Pb年代学及古火山机构 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
争光金矿床(伴生锌)位于我国东北地区黑龙江省多宝山Cu-Au-Mo成矿带南东端,构造上处于古亚洲成矿构造域和滨太平洋成矿构造域的叠加部位。该金矿距北西向的多宝山铜金矿和铜山铜矿分别约为10km和5km,因此,深入研究其成矿时代、成因类型归属,理清与多宝山铜金矿-铜山铜矿的关系具有重要科学价值。争光金矿赋矿围岩为奥陶系多宝山组安山质火山岩地层,发育爆发相、溢流相、火山碎屑流相、火山沉积相等,且爆发相和喷溢相交替出现,具有喷发时期熔岩溢流与火山碎屑物的喷发交替进行或具多旋回火山活动的特征;根据火山集块岩、火山角砾岩、火山碎屑岩的空间展布及岩相变化特征,推测矿区内发育有古火山机构。受后期北西向构造影响,火山岩地层具北西向弱定向变形特征。含金脉系呈脉状、网脉状沿北西向、北东向及南北向构造产出;矿石矿物以黄铁矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿为主,金以裂隙金、粒间金和包裹金的形式赋存于上述硫化物中,部分赋存在石英中。综合脉系特征、矿物组合、蚀变类型、闪锌矿Fe含量等,本文明确提出该矿床为中硫型浅成低温热液型金矿。对矿区内发育的成矿后闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩及长石斑岩等脉岩的锆石U-Pb测年结果初步厘定争光金矿金成矿作用早于454Ma。综合判断争光金矿与多宝山含金斑岩铜矿、铜山铜矿同形成于480~454Ma受古亚洲洋俯冲作用控制的岛弧背景,构成完整的斑岩Cu-Au与中硫化型浅成低温热液Au成矿系统。 相似文献
6.
Marta Franchini Agnes Impiccini David Lentz Francisco Javier Ríos Sol O'Leary Josefina Pons Abel Isidoro Schalamuk 《Ore Geology Reviews》2011,41(1):49-74
Agua Rica (27°26′S–66°16′O) is a world class Cu–Au–Mo deposit located in Catamarca, Argentina. In the E–W 6969400 section examined, the Seca Norte and the Trampeadero porphyries that have intruded the metasedimentary rock are cut by interfingered igneous and hydrothermal heterolithic and monolithic breccias, and sandy dikes. Relic biotite and K-feldspar of the early potassic alteration (370° to > 550 °C) with Cu (Mo–Au) mineralization are locally preserved and encapsulated in a widespread, white mica + quartz + rutile or anatase halo (phyllic alteration) with pyrite + covellite that suggests fluids with temperatures ≤ 360 °C and high f(S2). The Trampeadero porphyry and the surrounding metasedimentary rock with phyllic alteration have molybdenite in stringers and B-type quartz veinlets and the highest Mo grades (> 1000 ppm).Multistage advanced argillic alteration overprinted the earlier stages. Early andalusite ± pyrite ± quartz is preserved in the roots of the argillic halo rimmed by an alumina–silica material and white micas. This alteration assemblage is considered to have been formed at temperatures ≥ 375 °C from condensed magmatic vapor. At higher levels, pyrophyllite replaces muscovite and illite in clasts of hydrothermal breccias in the center and east sector of the study section, suggesting temperatures of 280 to 360 °C. Clasts of vuggy silica in the uppermost levels of the central breccia, indicates that at lower temperatures (< 250 °C), fluids reached very low pH (pH < 2). In this early stage of the advanced argillic alteration, hydrothermal fluids seem to have not precipitated sulfides or sulfosalts.Hydrothermal brecciation was concurrent with fluid exsolution (↑? V), which precipitated intermediate-temperature advanced argillic alunite (svanbergite + woodhouseite) ± diaspore ± zunyite as breccia cement along with abundant covellite + pyrite + enargite ± native sulfur ± kuramite at intermediate depths and in lateral transitional zones to unbrecciated rocks. This mineral assemblage indicates temperatures near 300 °C, oxidized and silica-undersaturated hydrothermal fluids with high sulfur fugacity to prevent gold precipitation. Multiple generations of pyrite, emplectite, colusite, Pb- and Bi-bearing sulfosalts, and native sulfur with Au and Ag, accompanied by alunite introduction in the upper level breccias, probably occurred at lower temperatures, but still high sulfur and oxygen activity. An independent Zn and Pb (as galena) mineralization stage locally coincides with Au–Ag and sulfosalts, and advanced at depth, controlled by fractures and overprinting much of the previous mineralization. A later paragenesis of veinlets of alunite + woodhouseite + svanvergite + pyrite ± enargite that cut the phyllic halo suggests temperatures ~ 250 °C and without woodhouseite + svanvergite, temperatures ~ 200 °C. Kaolinite occurs in the phyllic halo as a late mineral in clots and in veinlets thus, in this zone, the fluid had cooled enough for its formation. 相似文献
7.
安徽沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床成岩序列及成岩成矿年代学研究 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
沙溪矿床是长江中下游成矿带中典型的斑岩型铜金矿床,位于庐枞盆地北外缘、郯庐断裂内,矿床成岩成矿时代确定对该矿床成因研究及区域成矿规律的认识具有重要意义。在详细野外地质工作的基础上,采集沙溪矿床与成矿有关的主要岩浆岩样品(粗斑闪长玢岩、黑云母石英闪长玢岩、中斑石英闪长玢岩、细斑石英闪长玢岩和闪长玢岩)和与黄铜矿密切共生的辉钼矿,分别利用Cameca、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和Re-Os同位素定年方法,获得矿床内主要岩浆岩的成岩年龄(130.60±0.97Ma、129.30±1.00Ma、127.10±1.50Ma、129.46±0.97Ma和126.7±2.1Ma)以及成矿年龄(130.0±1.0Ma),并重新厘定了沙溪岩体从早到晚岩浆的侵位序列。通过区域对比,提出长江中下游存在两阶段斑岩型铜金矿化,沙溪矿床为长江中下游成矿带第二阶段形成的斑岩型矿床,沙溪矿床的成岩成矿作用既不同于庐枞盆地,也不同于断隆区第一阶段的斑岩矿床,而是受郯庐断裂和长江断裂动力学演化联合作用的产物。 相似文献
8.
Geochemical aspects of molybdenum and precious metals distribution in the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit, Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Constraints on hypogene distribution of Mo and precious metals (Au and Ag) in the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit indicated that much of the metals tend to be concentrated within the Cu-rich potassic core as well as with strongly phyllic alteration. The gradual increase in metal concentrations from weak potassic alteration to strong potassic and phyllic alteration zones is observed that could be related to cumulative effects of the early to the late stages of alteration and mineralization which is increased vein density and metal deposition. Comparison between inter-element relationships in hypogene ore types indicated that precious metals and Cu positively correlate over a wide range of values, indicating a spatial and temporal association of precious metals with Cu sulfides. In contrast, the sympathetic relationship of Mo with Cu and precious metals is only present in low-grade ores which are deposited in weak potassic alteration zone. This suggests contemporaneous deposition of minor Mo with Cu and precious metals during the early stage of mineralization. In the transitional stages of mineralization, significant portion of Mo deposition occurred independent of Cu and precious metals which is supported by negative correlation between Mo and Cu (also with precious metals) in silicified ores. In the late stage of mineralization, where the highest values of the metals had occurred with sericitization, differences in the distribution of the metals and inter-element relationships are significant that could be attributed to the heterogeneous distribution of Mo, Cu, and precious metals during the evolution of the porphyry system. The hypogene metal arrangement indicated that ores with the highest values of Cu and precious metals are not essentially enriched in Mo. 相似文献
9.
I. V. Vikentyev R. Kh. Mansurov Yu. N. Ivanova E. E. Tyukova I. D. Sobolev V. D. Abramova R. I. Vykhristenko A. P. Trofimov V. B. Khubanov E. O. Groznova S. S. Dvurechenskaya S. G. Kryazhev 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2017,59(6):482-520
Geological and structural conditions of localization, hydrothermal metasomatic alteration, and mineralization of the Petropavlovskoe gold deposit (Novogodnenskoe ore field) situated in the northern part of the Lesser Ural volcanic–plutonic belt, which is a constituent of the Middle Paleozoic island-arc system of the Polar Urals, are discussed. The porphyritic diorite bodies pertaining to the late phase of the intrusive Sob Complex play an ore-controlling role. The large-volume orebodies are related to the upper parts of these intrusions. Two types of stringer–disseminated ores have been revealed: (1) predominant gold-sulfide and (2) superimposed low-sulfide–gold–quartz ore markedly enriched in Au. Taken together, they make up complicated flattened isometric orebodies transitory to linear stockworks. The gold potential of the deposit is controlled by pyrite–(chlorite)–albite metasomatic rock of the main productive stage, which mainly develops in a volcanic–sedimentary sequence especially close to the contacts with porphyritic diorite. The relationships between intrusive and subvolcanic bodies and dating of individual zircon crystals corroborate a multistage evolution of the ore field, which predetermines its complex hydrothermal history. Magmatic activity of mature island-arc plagiogranite of the Sob Complex and monzonite of the Kongor Complex initiated development of skarn and beresite alterations accompanied by crystallization of hydrothermal sulfides. In the Early Devonian, due to emplacement of the Sob Complex at a depth of approximately 2 km, skarn magnetite ore with subordinate sulfides was formed. At the onset of the Middle Devonian, the large-volume gold porphyry Au–Ag–Te–W ± Mo,Cu stockworks related to quartz diorite porphyry—the final phase of the Sob Complex— were formed. In the Late Devonian, a part of sulfide mineralization was redistributed with the formation of linear low-sulfide quartz vein zones. Isotopic geochemical study has shown that the ore is deposited from reduced, substantially magmatic fluid, which is characterized by close to mantle values δ34S = 0 ± 1‰, δ13C =–6 to–7‰, and δ18O = +5‰ as the temperature decreases from 420–300°C (gold–sulfide ore) to 250–130°C (gold–(sulfide)–quartz ore) and pressure decreases from 0.8 to 0.3 kbar. According to the data of microanalysis (EPMA and LA-ICP-MS), the main trace elements in pyrite of gold orebodies are represented by Co (up to 2.52 wt %), As (up to 0.70 wt %), and Ni (up to 0.38 wt %); Te, Se, Ag, Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn also occur. Pyrite of the early assemblages is characterized by high Co, Te, Au, and Bi contents, whereas the late pyrite is distinguished by elevated concentrations of As (up to 0.7 wt %), Ni (up to 0.38 wt %), Se (223 ppm), Ag (up to 111 ppm), and Sn (4.4 ppm). The minimal Au content in pyrite of the late quartz–carbonate assemblage is up to 1.7 ppm and geometric average is 0.3 ppm. The significant correlation between Au and As (furthermore, negative–0.6) in pyrite from ore of the Petropavlovskoe deposit is recorded only for the gold–sulfide assemblage, whereas it is not established for other assemblages. Pyrite with higher As concentration (up to 0.7 wt %) is distinguished only for the Au–Te mineral assemblage. Taking into account structural–morphological and mineralogical–geochemical features, the ore–magmatic system of the Petropavlovskoe deposit is referred to as gold porphyry style. Among the main criteria of such typification are the spatial association of orebodies with bodies of subvolcanic porphyry-like intrusive phases at the roof of large multiphase pluton; the stockwork-like morphology of gold orebodies; 3D character of ore–alteration zoning and distribution of ore components; geochemical association of gold with Ag, W, Mo, Cu, As, Te, and Bi; and predominant finely dispersed submicroscopic gold in ore. 相似文献
10.
Agawa gold prospect, located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, southwestern Japan, is a small prospect, where placer gold has been explored and mined since the 17th century. We investigated the prospect to clarify the genesis of the deposit based on the geology, hydrothermal alteration, geochronology, and ore mineralogy. The main mineralized zone of the prospect has a horizontal and vertical extensions of 500 m and 100 m, respectively, and a width of less than 100 m. Gold mineralization in the prospect occurs as dissemination and stockwork veinlets in the intensely sericitized rocks at the apical part of the Agawa dioritic porphyry intrusion at 86.5–88.5 Ma. Mineralization is typified by at least three stages – an early stage characterized by the occurrence of pyrrhotite and native gold; a middle stage by chalcopyrite; and a late stage by pyrite–bornite. Mineral assemblage and fluid inclusion microthermometry estimation suggest a trend of decreasing temperatures from 400°C to 160°C at a constant sulfur fugacity. The mineralizing fluids formed by the mixing of a hypogene fluid of possibly magmatic origin with an external lower‐temperature and lower‐salinity fluid. The mixing process decreased the temperature and salinity of the fluid, resulting in the precipitation of sulfides, native gold and Bi–Te alloys and sulfosalts. The magnetite‐series signature of the Agawa porphyry and related molybdenite‐bearing mineralization indicate that the plutonism of the San‐in granitoids belt extends to the westernmost end of the Honshu Island. The compiled geochronology and distribution of the metallic deposits in the southwestern Japan arc show that transition from ilmenite‐series to magnetite‐series plutonism started earlier in the west, and shifted eastwards with time during the period from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. 相似文献
11.
Gold Mineralization of the Gatsuurt Deposit in the North Khentei Gold Belt,Central Northern Mongolia
Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO2‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO2‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit. 相似文献
12.
为探究江西李公岭花岗闪长岩的成岩时代和成矿前景,对李公岭地区的花岗闪长岩及其中发育的隐爆角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩角砾岩块分别进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。测年结果表明,李公岭花岗闪长岩(150.6±1.1)Ma和隐爆角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩岩块(151.0±1.3)Ma基本为同时形成,时代为晚侏罗世。李公岭花岗闪长岩和李公岭角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩的形成时代与区内发育的阳储岭W-Mo矿的成岩成矿时代基本一致,以及隐爆角砾岩筒和周围的网脉状石英脉的存在,表明李公岭地区当时可能存在一个岩浆热液活动中心,且该热液活动可能与江南古陆东北缘燕山晚期大规模W-Mo成矿作用有关,暗示李公岭岩体周围具有较大的W-Mo找矿前景。 相似文献
13.
枪口南银多金属矿床地处东昆仑多金属成矿带东段,枪口—哈龙休玛海西-燕山期铁、银、铅、锌、铜、金、钼成矿亚带部分,成矿地质条件优越。枪口南银多金属矿区目前已圈定9条矿化带,21个矿体,主要矿种有金、银、铜、铅、锌、钼等,矿石类型主要为构造热液(脉)型铜铅锌银矿石、构造蚀变岩型金矿石。枪口南矿区构造-岩浆活动强烈,印支期—燕山期构造岩浆活动为矿区成矿提供了热源、成矿物质,区内NE向断裂控制区内金、铜、铅锌等矿体的产出,NW向断裂组控制着区内金、银矿(化)体。NW向断裂组,是区内重要控矿构造;区内中部发现的Ⅳ号含矿斑岩体,具有斑岩型矿床蚀变特征,显示其具有斑岩成矿条件。枪口南银多金属矿床成因有构造热液(脉)型、构造蚀变岩型和斑岩型。 相似文献
14.
Alteration and mineralization styles of the orogenic disseminated Zhenyuan gold deposit,southeastern Tibet: Contrast with carlin gold deposit 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Orogenic disseminated and Carlin gold deposits share much similarity in alteration and mineralization.The disseminated orogenic Zhenyuan Au deposit along the Ailaoshan shear zone,southeastern Tibet,was selected to clarify their difference.The alteration and mineralization from the different lithologies,including meta-quartz sandstone,carbonaceous slate,meta-(ultra)mafic rock,quartz porphyry and lamprophyre were researched.According to the mineral assemblage and replacement relationship in all types of host rocks,two reactions show general control on gold deposition:(1)replacement of earlier magnetite by pyrite and carbonaceous material;(2)alteration of biotite and phlogopite phenocrysts in quartz porphyry and lamprophyre into dolomite/ankerite and sericite.Despite the lamprophyre is volumetrically minor and much less fractured than other host rocks,it contains a large portion of Au reserve,indicating that the chemically active lithology has played a more important role in gold precipitation compared to structure.LA-ICP-MS analysis shows that Au mainly occurs as invisible gold in fine-grained pyrite disseminated in the host rocks,with Au content reaching to 258.95 ppm.The diagenetic core of pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone enriched in Co,Ni,Mo,Ag and Hg is wrapped by hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,As,Sb,Au,Tl,Pb and Bi.Different host rock lithology has much impact on the alteration and mineralization features.Carbonate and sericite in altered lamprophyre show they have higher Mg than those developed in other of host rocks denoting that the carbonate and sericite incorporated Mg from phlogopite phenocrysts in the primary lamprophyre during alteration.The ore fluid activated the diagenetic pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone leading the hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,Mo,Ag,Sb,Te,Hg,Tl,Pb and Bi,but the hydrothermal pyrite in meta-(ultra)mafic rock is enriched in Co and Ni as the meta-(ultra)mafic rock host rock contain high content of Co and Ni.However,Au and As shear similar range in both types of host rocks indicating that these two elements most likely come from the deep source fluid rather than the host rocks.It was shown in the disseminated orogenic gold deposit that similar hydrothermal alteration with mineral assemblage of carbonate(mainly dolomite and ankerite),sericite,pyrite and arsenopyrite develops in all types of host rocks.This is different from the Nevada Carlin type,in which alteration is mainly dissolution and silicification of carbonate host rock.On the other hand,Au mainly occur as invisible gold in both disseminated orogenic and Carlin gold deposits. 相似文献
15.
Akira Imai 《Resource Geology》2005,55(2):73-90
Abstract. Evolution of hydrothermal system from initial porphyry Cu mineralization to overlapping epithermal system at the Dizon porphyry Cu‐Au deposit in western central Luzon, Zambales, Philippines, is documented in terms of mineral paragen‐esis, fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry, and sulfur isotope systematics. The paragenetic stages throughout the deposit are summarized as follows; 1) stockwork amethystic quartz veinlets associated with chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite and Au enveloped by chlorite alteration overprinting biotite alteration, 2) stockwork quartz veinlets with chalcopyrite and pyrite associated with Au and chalcopyrite and pyrite stringers in sericite alteration, 3) stringer quartz veinlets associated with molybdenite in sericite alteration, and 4) WNW‐trending quartz veins associated with sphalerite and galena at deeper part, while enargite and stibnite at shallower levels associated with advanced argillic alteration. Chalcopyrite and bornite associated with magnetite in quartz veinlet stockwork (stage 1) have precipitated initially as intermediate solid solution (iss) and bornite solid solution (bnss), respectively. Fluid inclusions in the stockwork veinlet quartz consist of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. Halite in polyphase inclusions dissolves at temperatures ranging from 360d?C to >500d?C but liquid (brine) and gas (vapor) do not homogenize at <500d?C. The maximum pressure and minimum temperature during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets are estimated to be 460 bars and 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet stockwork quartz enveloped in sericite alteration (stage 2) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions and polyphase inclusions. In addition to the possible presence of saturated NaCl crystals at the time of entrapment of fluid inclusions that exhibit the liquid‐vapor homogenization temperatures lower than the halite dissolution temperatures in some samples, wide range of temperatures of halite dissolution and liquid‐vapor homogenization of polyphase inclusions from 230d?C to >500d?C and from 270d?C to >500d?C, respectively, suggests heterogeneous entrapment of gaseous vapor and hypersaline brine. The minimum pressure and temperature are estimated to be about 25 bars and 245d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with molybdenite (stage 3) are dominated by gas‐rich inclusions accompanied with minor liquid‐rich inclusions that homogenize at temperatures between 350d?C and 490d?C. Fluid inclusions in vuggy veinlet quartz associated with stibnite (stage 4) consist mainly of gas‐rich inclusions with subordinate polyphase inclusions that do not homogenize below 500d?C. Fluid inclusions in veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite (stage 4) are composed of liquid‐rich two‐phase inclusions, and they homogenize into liquid phase at temperatures ranging widely from 190d?C to 300d?C (suggesting boiling) and the salinity ranges from 1.0 wt% to 3.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. A pressure of about 15 bars is estimated for the dilute aqueous solution of 190d?C from which veinlet quartz associated with galena and sphalerite precipitated. In addition to a change in temperature‐pressure regime from lithostatic pressure during the deposition of iss and bnss with stockwork quartz veinlets to hydrostatic pressure during fracture‐controlled quartz veinlet associated with galena and sphalerite, a decrease in pressure is supposed to have occurred due to unroofing or removal of the overlying piles during the temperature decrease in the evolution of hydrothermal system. The majority of the sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides ranges from ±0 % to +5 %. Sulfur originated from an iso‐topically uniform and homogeneous source, and the mineralization occurred in a single hydrothermal system. 相似文献
16.
该金矿产于太古宙建平群小塔子沟组变质岩中,受北东东向韧脆性剪切带控制,矿体呈脉状,矿化类型有黄铁矿-石英脉型和蚀变岩型两类,矿化与蚀变呈正相关关系。矿质来自太古宙绿岩建造,金矿与燕山期浅成-超汽成石英正长斑岩、流纹斑岩有着成因联系,硫同位素组成相当于陨石硫,成矿温度主要在120-270℃之间,矿床成因为中低温变质-岩浆热液改造型金矿床。 相似文献
17.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1145-1160
Lanjiagou is a porphyry Mo deposit in terms of its alteration zonation and mineralization associated with granitic intrusions and predominance of quartz vein-hosted molybdenum mineralization. It is the largest Mo deposit in North China Craton (404,000 t). There is an intimate spatial/temporal association between all stages of mineralization and Early Jurassic granitic intrusions at Lanjiagou. Most of the molybdenum was emplaced during the principal hydrothermal (PH) stage (184.6 ± 1.3 – 185.6 ± 1.4 Ma), contemporaneously with intrusion of fine-grained porphyritic granite (188.9 ± 1.2 Ma) into a granite batholith (193 ± 3 Ma). The PH mineralization stage is mainly hosted by a quartz-dominated stockwork associated with phyllic alteration in the fine-grained porphyritic granite. This stage was followed by the late hydrothermal (LH) activity. Thick Mo-rich quartz veins were emplaced during the LH stage and cut the porphyry ore bodies. A ring breccia zone formed during the last hydrothermal stage and apparently cuts both the porphyry and the quartz vein ore bodies. The main hydrothermal vein stages have predominantly concentric and radial vein orientations centred on the ring breccia zone. Most of the concentric veins have shallow dips, whereas the radial veins are subvertical. The LH veins have predominantly NEE and NW orientations in the deposit and are moderately inclined. We surmise that the veining was controlled by the local stress regime generated by the intrusion of a large, deep pluton that we interpreted to be the source of the granites, the breccia zone, and the molybdenum mineralization. Resurgence within the magma chamber reactivated the steep concentric structures in a reverse sense, and accumulation of magmatic and/or fluid pressure resulted in explosive brecciation, producing the ring breccia zone. A predominantly late set of NW-trending, post-ore felsic dikes, associated with the regional structures, are a consequence of far-field stresses exceeding local stresses in the deposit. 相似文献
18.
太华山金矿区位于福建中部尤溪-德化-永泰三县的结合部位之"闽中金矿集中区",是该区具有找矿前景的靶区之一。随着太华山金矿区金坂矿段深部找矿勘查较系统的工程投入,发现了该区段深部的含矿斑岩体及其矿化蚀变系统。通过对金坂矿段620 m中段以上的含矿斑岩、矿化类型、蚀变分带特征及斑岩与各类型矿化的关系等进行系统分析,初步认为太华山金坂矿段矿化类型具有浅成低温热液型金银矿的特征,其金银矿(化)体在空间上与流纹斑岩紧密相伴,主要产于流纹斑岩体的内外接触带中,自上而下的矿化类型分为:顶部(微)细粒浸染型、中部石英细脉/网脉型及深部热液角砾/黄铁矿浸染石英脉型等,成矿具有"一体多型"的特点。结合太华山矿区太华山矿段、尤岭隔矿段地质特征的对比分析,提出了该区深部金银矿找矿地质模型,对完善太华山热泉-次火山斑岩成矿系统模型及其指导深部探矿工作具有重要的意义。 相似文献
19.
FU Zhongyang XU Xiaochun HE Jun FAN Ziliang XIE Qiaoqin DU Jianguo CHEN Fang 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(1):88-110
The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere. 相似文献
20.
Joseph Onglo Espi Yoshimichi Kajiwara Mike A. Hawkins Tony Bainbridge 《Resource Geology》2002,52(4):301-313
Abstract. The Nena Cu‐Au deposit, located in the Frieda River mineral district of northwestern mainland Papua New Guinea, is a composite structurally‐lithologically controlled high sulfidation (HS) system. Its hydrothermal alteration and Cu‐Au mineralization are presented in this paper. Initially propylitized andesitic volcanics veined by epithermal quartz were pervasively superimposed by zoned HS alteration. The zonation grades from vuggy silica core to sulfur‐rich, pyritic silica‐alunite halo followed by pyrophyllite‐dickite‐kaolinite interval and finally to thin illite‐smectite margin, suggesting progressive decrease in temperature and increase in pH. This zonation is enveloped by chlorite‐epidote‐calcite‐gypsum alteration. The acid altered rocks were then invaded by multiple phases of pyrite, subsequently crosscut by quartz, vein alunite and barite. Then sequential deposition of bladed covellite, enargite, luzonite and stibioluzonite occurred from the NW to the SE portions of the deposit, forming a zonation suggestive of progressive decrease in temperature, sulfur fugacity and sulfidation stage. Most ore mineralization occurs in the vuggy silica core. Gold mineralization commenced from the transition of enargite to luzonite and continued throughout the stibioluzonite stage. Associated with gold deposition are Au‐rich pyrite, tennantite‐tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite‐bornite, native tellurium, electrum, calaverite, bismuthinite and galena. Native sulfur occupied the remaining cavities and represents the waning stage of the hydrothermal system. Fluid inclusions studies distinguished magmatic (>300–350d?C, 9–15 wt% NaCl equiv.) and meteoric (<150–200d?C, 1–2 wt% NaCl equiv.) fluids (Holzberger et al., 1996). Temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions from barite associated with Cu sulfides show a general decrease from NW (330d?C, 9–15 wt% NaCl equiv.) to SE (172d?C, 10 wt% NaCl equiv.) parts of the deposit, indicating gradual entrainment of ground water (Hitchman and Espi, 1997). Interaction of magmatic fluids with meteoric water accompanied by changes in temperature, salinity, acidity and oxidation state of the resultant fluids is interpreted to have been the main cause of metal precipitation. Finally, supergene processes generated Au zone with an underlying chalcocite‐covellite‐digenite blanket over the primary sulfides at depth. Gold occurs as lattice constituent in scorodite, limonite‐goethite and jarosite. Chalcocite is more abundant and widespread than other Cu sulfides. Acidic fluids deposited powdery alunite and kaolinite, vein alunite and amorphous silica. Weakly secondary biotite‐quartz altered porphyry located below the known HS Cu‐Au deposit contains chalcopyrite‐bornite and is overprinted by quartz‐alunite‐pyro‐phyllite‐pyrite assemblage. This feature indicates close temporal, spatial and genetic relation between the two deposit types. 相似文献