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1.
基于2004-2009年间在天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川、奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川、乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川、博格达峰四工河4号冰川与庙尔沟平顶冰川积累区采集的雪坑样品,分析了中国天山冰川积雪中NO3-与NH4+的空间分布特征及其环境意义.结果表明,积雪中NO3-平均浓度顺序为哈希勒根51号冰川<乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川<庙尔沟平顶冰川<青冰滩72号冰川<四工河4号冰川,而NH4+平均浓度顺序为青冰滩72号冰川<哈希勒根51号冰川<庙尔沟平顶冰川<乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川<四工河4号冰川.结合HYSPLIT空气轨迹模型与局地环境状况资料分析,这种空间差异受到远源污染与沙漠粉尘传输、近源工农业生产与生活排放、冰川积累区地理环境等因素的综合影响.  相似文献   

2.
为了保持对祁连山七一冰川运动变化情况观测的连续性,进一步揭示全球气候变暖背景下山岳冰川的运动变化规律,对布设在七一冰川表面的花杆进行了定期观测,获取了2012年7-8月以及2013年8-9月冰川考察期间的最新观测数据(花杆位置、冰川末端边界以及物质平衡等数据资料),通过对数据进行分析,获得了七一冰川表面的运动状况以及末端进退变化情况.结果表明:空间分布特征方面,七一冰川在横剖面以及纵剖面的运动保持了一般山岳冰川的运动规律;横剖面上,主流线附近冰川运动速度较两侧运动速度要大;纵剖面上,由冰川末端到零物质平衡线,冰川运动速度逐渐增大;运动方向上,七一冰川运动速度矢量大多沿主流线向下运动,或者稍微偏离主流线一定方向.在冰川运动速度时间分布特征方面,七一冰川在消融季与非消融季的运动速度差异显著,消融季运动速度要明显大于非消融季运动速度.最近几十年,七一冰川整体运动速度呈现出了逐年减小的趋势.在2012年8月至2013年8月期间,冰川末端退缩了大约5~7 m,退缩较为显著.  相似文献   

3.
1970-2007年西藏念青唐古拉峰南、北坡冰川显著退缩   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
1999年和2007年夏季,利用GPS技术先后对念青唐古拉峰(念峰)南、北坡的5条冰川末端位置进行了实地测量.结果表明:同1970年比较发现,过去近40 a来5条冰川退缩显著,1970-2007年间念峰北坡的拉弄和扎当冰川与南坡的爬努冰川末端平均退缩速率均接近10.0 m.a-1;西布冰川在1970-1999年间达到38.9 m.a-1,而爬努冰川流域海拔较高的小冰川5O270C0049退缩幅度较小,为4.8 m.a-1.2007年野外观测发现,爬努冰川1970年代的积累区有冰面河形成.念峰周围的冰川变化,不仅仅是末端的显著退缩,而且消融区面积也在扩大.  相似文献   

4.
基于2009年5月至2011年10月科其喀尔冰川的花杆观测资料,对其消融区的表面运动特征进行分析.结果表明:冰川消融区的年水平运动速度最大值为86.69 m·a-1,年垂直运动速度最大值为15.34 m·a-1,均出现在冰川海拔4 000~4 200 m的消融区上部;在靠近冰川末端的冰舌下部,受冰量补给减弱、厚层表碛覆盖等影响,冰川运动缓慢,年水平运动速度小于5 m·a-1,而垂直运动速度值小于2 m·a-1.大多数横剖面的水平运动速度具有从中部向边缘逐渐减小的特征,而有的剖面却出现局部速度增大的区域.整体而言,冰川水平及垂直运动速度随海拔降低而减小,符合冰川运动的一般规律,但主要受地形作用的影响,垂直运动速度随海拔的变化会出现波动.消融期月水平运动速度与同期气温和降水的变化具有一定的相关性,可能反映出气候快速变化对冰川运动的影响.  相似文献   

5.
希夏邦马峰东坡冰川与冰川湖泊变化遥感监测   总被引:21,自引:9,他引:12  
车涛  李新  P K Mool  许建初 《冰川冻土》2005,27(6):801-805
1977-2003年的遥感影像显示, 希夏邦马峰东坡的冰川在迅速退缩, 而其相应的冰川湖泊在迅速增大. 南部的吉葱普冰川每年的退缩速度57 099 m2, 冰舌退缩48 m·a-1, 相应的卢姆池米冰湖面积增加速度大约为79 048 m2·a-1; 北面的热强冰川退缩速度在63 224 m2·a-1, 冰舌退缩71 m*a-1, 相应的扛西错冰湖面积增加约73 425 m2·a-1. 从这两个冰湖的类型和变化分析, 认为其具有发生冰川湖泊溃决洪水的潜在危险.  相似文献   

6.
42 a来天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化及趋势预测   总被引:38,自引:20,他引:18  
1959-2000年间天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川发生了显著变化, 冰川物质平衡累计达-7 976.0 mm, 冰川末端退缩171.06 m, 冰川面积缩小0.217 km2, 冰川厚度平均减薄8.86 m, 冰储量减小21.9×106 m3, 冰川运动速度平均减小39.3%, 冰川成冰带谱上移, 冷滲浸重结晶带消失. 从冰川物质平衡反映的气候变化趋势推测, 1号冰川要扭亏为盈, 改变已有的巨大的物质亏损(-7 976.0 mm), 除非要连续21 a出现42 a来最大正平衡( 374.0 mm). 已有的观测研究表明, 这种情况不大可能出现, 1号冰川目前的退缩趋势还将持续相当一段时间, 至少在未来20~30 a内不会出现明显的前进. 从树木年轮反映的冷暖气候变化周期性推测, 目前正处小冰期以来第三个温暖期. 若这次温暖期重现62~67 a周期的情况, 则温暖气候还将持续20~30a左右. 可见1号冰川至少还将持续退缩20~30 a.  相似文献   

7.
近期东西天山冰川变化的对比研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
近数十年来天山冰川强烈退缩,但东、西天山冰川的退缩幅度差别很大.乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川作为东天山代表性冰川,图尤克苏冰川为西天山代表性冰川,在近约40 a来它们的冰川年净物质平衡分别为-235 mm及-409 mm,冰川末端的平均变化率分别为-0.0018·a-1及-0.0047·a-1,冰川面积的平均变化率分别为-0.0029·a-1及-0.0046·a-1,东、西天山较大范围的冰川面积变化率也分别为-0.0018·a-1及-0.0072·a-1.东、西天山气候格局大致相似,降水量自西向东减少,冰川的退缩主要由夏季气温上升引起,但变化率的巨大差异则可用不同的冰川物质平衡水平及稳定性系数来解释.在乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川及图尤克苏冰川物质平衡水平分别为633 mm及1180 mm,稳定性系数分别为0.514及0.326,物质平衡水平愈高及稳定性系数愈低,冰川对于气候变化的响应愈敏感.  相似文献   

8.
玉龙雪山白水河1号冰川消融期表面流速特征分析   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
2016年7月15号在玉龙雪山白水河1号冰川表面布设了16根花杆(stakes),建立了冰川运动速率观测网;用TrimbleGeoXT型手持差分GPS对花杆位置坐标进行测量,获取了2016年7月-10月玉龙雪山白水河1号冰川花杆的观测数据,并分析其表面运动特征。结果表明:冰川运动速度方面,横剖面上由主流线附近向两侧变小;纵剖面上由末端到冰川粒雪盆逐渐减小,与一般山岳冰川的运动规律不同;冰川运动方向上,速度矢量大多沿主流线向下运动或者稍微偏离主流线一定方向;冰川的运动速度与冰川的消融速度变化不同步,相比之下运动速度的变化有一定的滞后性;强烈发育的冰裂隙分隔了两侧的冰体,影响了冰川的整体运动方式,使该冰川的运动方式较为特殊。冰川末端退缩速度不断加快且退缩趋势将持续。  相似文献   

9.
天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川的运动特征   总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1  
天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川位于天山中部喀拉乌成山脉北坡的乌鲁木齐河源,是一条冰斗-山谷冰川。全长2.33公里,面积1.84平方公里,由东、西两支冰川组成。冰斗后壁最高峰海拔4483.6米,冰舌末端3734米。冰面较为平整、洁白,裂隙不甚发育。 1号冰川的运动观测开始于1959年。1962年张长庆对前三年的运动资料进行了总结。1973年8-9月王文颖对该冰川的15个流速点作了短期观测,并和1962年的运动状况作了对比。本文在1980年以来两年多的冰川运动进行观测的基础上,应用冰川学的基本理论,对所得资料进行分析研究,以期对1号冰川的运动特征有较为深刻的认识。  相似文献   

10.
近30 a来托木尔峰南麓科其喀尔冰川冰舌区变化   总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1  
20世纪80年代中期以来,托木尔峰南麓地区冰雪融水量明显增加,冰川处于强烈的消融退缩状态.根据对科其喀尔冰川冰舌区不同海拔探测表明,近30 a来冰川厚度明显减薄,冰舌区平均厚度减薄在0.5~1.5 m.a-1之间.对科其喀尔冰川末端位置研究表明,科其喀尔冰川进入20世纪90年代以来处于比较强烈的退缩状态.相对于1974年的冰川位置,冰川退缩了380 m左右.科其喀尔冰川的全面退缩,标志着托木尔峰地区冰川处于全面的负物质平衡状态.  相似文献   

11.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

12.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

13.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

14.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。  相似文献   

16.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

17.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

20.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

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