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1.
The Day Nui Con Voi belt in Vietnam is the southeasternmost part of the Red River shear zone in Asia. It is a narrow high-grade metamorphic core complex consisting of garnet–sillimanite–biotite gneisses, mylonite bands, amphibolite layers and migmatites. Geothermobarometric study of the complex revealed that the peak metamorphism took place under amphibolite-facies conditions of 690−60+30°C and 0.65±0.15 GPa and the subsequent mylonitization occurred under greenschist-facies conditions of 480°C and under 0.3 GPa. Fifteen synkinematic hornblende and biotite separates from gneisses, amphibolites and mylonites were dated with the K/Ar method. Hornblende separates from the Day Nui Con Voi give K–Ar ages of 26.4–28.5 Ma, and the biotite separates do give 24.5–24.7 Ma. Combination of thermobarometric and geochronological data yields the cooling history of 500°C at 28 Ma and 300°C at 24 Ma with a cooling rate of 70–110°C Ma−1, and 23 km post-metamorphic exhumation of the core complex. The first 16 km exhumation from the peak of metamorphism (at probably 31 Ma) to 28 Ma was triggered by the left-lateral strike-slip displacement of the Red River shear zone.  相似文献   

2.
Metamorphic core complexes are usually thought to be associated with regional crustal extension and crustal thinning, where deep crustal material is exhumed along gently dipping normal shear zones oblique to the regional extension direction. We present a new mechanism whereby metamorphic core complexes can be exhumed along crustal‐scale strike‐slip fault systems that accommodated crustal shortening. The Qazaz metamorphic dome in Saudi Arabia was exhumed along a gently dipping jog in a crustal‐scale vertical strike‐slip fault zone that caused more than 25 km of exhumation of lower crustal rocks by 30 km of lateral motion. Subsequently, the complex was transected by a branch of the strike‐slip fault zone, and the segments were separated by another 30 km of lateral motion. Strike‐slip core complexes like the Qazaz Dome may be common and may have an important local effect on crustal strength.  相似文献   

3.
高黎贡变质带位于高黎贡走滑剪切带以西,呈SN向或NE-SW向带状展布,是滇西最显著的带状变质带之一,被认为是前寒武纪变质基底。选取高黎贡剪切带内的花岗质糜棱岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,分别获得了41.9Ma±1.0Ma的岩浆结晶年龄和38.4Ma±2.1Ma的变质年龄。结合区域地质背景、地质演化、岩石组构和年代学资料,认为花岗质糜棱岩原岩结晶年龄为42Ma,遭受糜棱岩化的变质时间为38Ma,同时表明高黎贡剪切带右行走滑的起始时间为38Ma以前。  相似文献   

4.
Quantitative thermobarometry in pelites and garnet amphibolites from the Bitterroot metamorphic core complex, combined with U–Pb dating of metamorphic monazite and zircon from footwall rocks, provide new constraints on the P – T  – t evolution of footwall rocks. The thermobarometric and geochronological results, when correlated with observations from other regions bordering the Bitterroot batholith, define a regional metamorphic history for the northern margin of the Bitterroot batholith consisting of three distinct events beginning with early prograde metamorphism (M1) coincident with arc-related magmatism and crustal shortening at c .  100–80 Ma. Magmatism and crustal thickening led to regional upper-amphibolite facies metamorphism (M2) and anatectic melting between 64 and 56 Ma. Mineral textures related to high-temperature isothermal decompression (M3), coincident with late stages of magmatism in the Bitterroot complex footwall (56–48 Ma), are only preserved in areas adjacent to extensional structures. The close temporal relationship between peak metamorphism and the onset of footwall decompression indicates that thermal weakening was an important factor in the initiation of Early Eocene regional extension and tectonic denudation of the Bitterroot complex and possibly the Boehls Butte metamorphic terrane. The morphology of the decompressional P – T  – t path derived for Bitterroot footwall rocks is similar to other trajectories reported for Cordilleran core complexes and may represent a transition in the deformational style of core-bunding detachments responsible for exhumation.  相似文献   

5.
庐山变质核杂岩东侧的星子牛屎墩地区出露与西侧拆离带相似的伸展拆离滑脱、韧性流变的构造现象, 岩层整体呈现上盘向南东滑脱的正断层性质, 推测庐山变质核杂岩东侧的拆离带就在此处, 而并非五里正断层。东侧拆离带内岩石以糜棱岩、糜棱状岩石及混合岩为主, 并发育大量的长英质脉体, 形成温压较高, 埋深较大, 其糜棱岩带、构造片岩带保留完好。运动学涡度分析得到涡度Wk>0.75, 表明该拆离系为以单剪为主的一般剪切带。根据糜棱岩中长石的变形特征估算东侧拆离带的形成温度为650 ℃~700 ℃, 与西侧拆离带近于一致。锆石U-Pb年龄测定得到东侧拆离带的伸展年龄为140~135 Ma, 也代表了庐山变质核杂岩的形成时间。  相似文献   

6.
Field observations, deformation and fabric analyses, and precise age data acquired by zircon SHRIMP, LA-ICP-MS U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar dating methods have yielded new constraints on the kinematics and dynamics of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis (NBS) which is the eastern corner of the Himalaya. A two-stage model has been established to explain the formation and evolution of the NBS. The northward indentation of the Indian plate beneath the Lhasa terrane began at 55-40 Ma, and crustal materials at this corner were subducted to depths > 70 km where they experienced HP (UHP?) metamorphism. Since 40 Ma, large-scale, right-lateral strike-slip along the Sagaing fault has accommodated the rapid northward movement of the eastern Indian plate corner with respect to the Indochina block. This caused significant and progressive bending of the Indus-Yarlung suture zone (IYSZ) such that it became the Dongjiu-Milin left-lateral, strike-slip, shear zone (DMSZ) in the west and the Aniqiao-Motuo right-lateral, strike-slip, shear zone (AMSZ) in the east. Both zones underwent strong mylonitization. Meanwhile, the HP (UHP?) metamorphic rocks were rapidly exhumed, first into the deep crust at 22-18 Ma and then to the shallow crust to form an antiformal dome at 6-2 Ma. Our model provides new insight into the processes of post-collisional crustal thickening related to the formation of the Himalayan orogenic belt.  相似文献   

7.
In metamorphic core complexes it is commonly unclear whether lower plate mylonites formed as the down-dip continuation of a detachment fault, or whether they represent a subhorizontal shear zone that was captured by a more steeply dipping detachment fault. Detailed microstructural, fabric, and strain data from mylonites in the Buckskin-Rawhide metamorphic core complex, west-central Arizona, constrain the structural development of the lower plate shear zone. Widespread exposures of ∼22–21 Ma granitoids of the Swansea Plutonic Suite enable us to separate Miocene strain coeval with core complex extension from older deformation. Mylonites across the lower plate consistently record top-to-the-NE-directed shear. Miocene quartz and feldspar deformation/recrystallization mechanisms indicate ∼450–500 °C mylonitization temperatures that were relatively uniform across a distance of ∼35 km in the extension direction. Quartz dynamically recrystallized grain sizes do not systematically vary in the extension direction. Strain recorded in the Swansea Plutonic Suite is also relatively uniform in the extension direction, which is incompatible with models in which lower plate mylonites form as the ductile root of a major detachment fault. Altogether these data suggest the mylonitic shear zone initiated with a ≤4° dip and was unroofed by a more steeply dipping detachment fault system. Lower plate mylonites in the Buckskin-Rawhide metamorphic core complex thus represent a captured subhorizontal shear zone rather than the down-dip continuation of a detachment fault.  相似文献   

8.
The Higo terrane in west-central Kyushu Island, southwest Japan consists from north to south of the Manotani, Higo and Ryuhozan metamorphic complexes, which are intruded by the Higo plutonic complex (Miyanohara tonalite and Shiraishino granodiorite).The Higo and Manotani metamorphic complexes indicate an imbricate crustal section in which a sequence of metamorphic rocks with increasing metamorphic grade from high (northern part) to low (southern part) structural levels is exposed. The metamorphic rocks in these complexes can be divided into five metamorphic zones (zone A to zone E) from top to base (i.e., from north to south) on the basis of mineral parageneses of pelitic rocks. Greenschist-facies mineral assemblages in zone A (the Manotani metamorphic complex) give way to amphibolite-facies assemblages in zones B, C and D, which in turn are replaced by granulite-facies assemblages in zone E of the Higo metamorphic complex. The highest-grade part of the complex (zone E) indicates peak P–T conditions of ca. 720 MPa and ca. 870 °C. In addition highly aluminous Spr-bearing granulites and related high-temperature metamorphic rocks occur as blocks in peridotite intrusions and show UHT-metamorphic conditions of ca. 900 MPa and ca. 950 °C. The prograde and retrograde P–T evolution paths of the Higo and Manotani metamorphic complexes are estimated using reaction textures, mineral inclusion analyses and mineral chemistries, especially in zones A and D, which show a clockwise P–T path from Lws-including Pmp–Act field to Act–Chl–Epi field in zone A and St–Ky field to And field through Sil field in zone D.The Higo metamorphic complex has been traditionally considered to be the western-end of the Ryoke metamorphic belt in the Japanese Islands or part of the Kurosegawa–Paleo Ryoke terrane in south-west Japan. However, recent detailed studies including Permo–Triassic age (ca. 250 Ma) determinations from this complex indicate a close relationship with the high-grade metamorphic terranes in eastern-most Asia (e.g., north Dabie terrane) with similar metamorphic and igneous characteristics, protolith assembly, and metamorphic and igneous ages. The north Dabie high-grade terrane as a collisional metamorphic zone between the North China and the South China cratons could be extended to the N-NE along the transcurrent fault (Tan-Lu Fault) as the Sulu belt in Shandong Peninsula and the Imjingang belt in Korean Peninsula. The Higo and Manotani metamorphic complexes as well as the Hida–Oki terrane in Japan would also have belonged to this type of collisional terrane and then experienced a top-to-the-south displacement with forming a regional nappe structure before the intrusion of younger Shiraishino granodiorite (ca. 120 Ma).  相似文献   

9.
辽北法库变质杂岩的形成时代、大地构造属性及其与长春-延吉缝合带的形成过程一直以来都是众多地质学者关注的重要科学问题。本文试图通过U-Pb年代学以及物质组成分析、变形变质作用特点分析和区域对比的方法来建立法库变质杂岩的时空格架,大地构造归属及区域构造演化。通过详细的野外工作和镜下分析得到法库变质杂岩存在至少两期变形作用特点及角闪岩相-高绿片岩相至低绿片岩相的变质作用特点。通过对杂岩体中不同类型变质岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究得到中志留世糜棱岩化黑云母花岗闪长岩原岩年龄为433±3Ma;晚志留世绢云长英质糜棱岩原岩年龄为423±5Ma;早二叠世绢云绿泥方解斜长糜棱岩原岩年龄为292±2Ma;早三叠世长英质糜棱岩原岩年龄为250±3Ma。通过区域对比,笔者认为法库变质杂岩为索伦-西拉木伦缝合带东延的一部分是长春-延吉缝合带的重要组成,其形成演化具有复合型造山的特点,具有复杂的构造演化史。  相似文献   

10.
The Taratash Complex (TC) in the northernmost Bashkirian Anticlinorium (Middle Urals) is unique among the pre-Uralian polymetamorphic complexes along the eastern margin of the East European Craton because it experienced granulite facies peak metamorphic conditions (850–900°C/10 kbar). Herein, we constrain the post-granulite facies polystage evolution of the complex, which records various increments of the geodynamic history of the East European continental margin. Formation of granite and migmatite associated with amphibolite facies events are dated at 2,344±29 and 2,044±8 Ma (U–Pb, zircon) in different structural units. At 1,810±41 Ma, the TC was affected by a greenschist facies retrogressive metamorphism which was probably related to a stage of granite formation in the eastern part of the East European Craton. This is confirmed by a U–Pb–zircon age of 1,848±8 Ma obtained from a sheared granite in the adjacent Alexandrovskiy Complex (AC). Greenschist facies shear zones which separate different structural units of the TC formed before 1,350 Ma. Partial re-equilibration of Rb–Sr- and K–Ar-isotope systems between 1,350 Ma and 1,200 Ma is attributed to fluid flow probably induced by anorogenic magmatism in the Bashkirian Anticlinorium. Meso- to Neoproterozoic basaltic dykes indicate that the TC had been exhumed to upper crustal levels at that time. Evidence for a Grenvillian event or for the Timanian orogeny which affected other pre-Uralian complexes in the Urals is lacking. Uralian orogenic shortening and thrusting on Devonian limestones is recorded by shear zones in the AC to the east of the TC and has been dated at 300 Ma (Rb–Sr, 40Ar/39Ar).  相似文献   

11.
桐柏地区高压变质地体在地壳中的抬升机制   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  
崔建军  胡健民  刘晓春 《岩石学报》2009,25(9):2165-2176
桐柏杂岩位于秦岭与大别造山带之间,南北两侧为NWW-SEE向延伸的含榴辉岩高压变质地体,其构造就位过程及其与高压变质地体的构造关系为地质学家们所关注.本文研究表明,所谓的桐柏杂岩实际上是一个早白垩世花岗质片麻岩杂岩体,其内包裹一定数量的三叠纪中高级变质岩石.桐柏杂岩南北两条边界韧性剪切带具有相反的运动学指向,分别为大型右行和左行韧性剪切带,其形成时代为131Ma.这两条韧性剪切带中的剪切面理分别朝SSW和NNE向倾斜,韧性剪切带及杂岩体内部发育的拉伸线理均稳定地朝SEE方向缓倾伏.而在杂岩体的东端发育低角度近南北向韧性剪切变形带,其糜棱面理朝SEE方向低角度缓倾斜,矿物拉伸线理也朝SEE方向低角度缓倾伏,运动学标志指示东侧地质体朝295°～310°的方向逆冲.因此,桐柏杂岩实际上被一个顺造山带的韧性剪切带所围限,这个韧性剪切带及杂岩体内部韧性变形运动学指示了一个早白垩世由东向西的低角度抬升过程,而这一过程直接导致了含榴辉岩高压变质地体沿着造山带的方向从地壳深部抬升到近地表.这一研究结果对理解和认识桐柏-大别-苏鲁地区高压一超高压变质地体的晚期抬升过程具有重要意义.  相似文献   

12.
Peraluminous and metaluminous plutonic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges batholith near Borrego Springs in southern California were mylonitized in the large shear zone known as the eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone (EPRMZ). Accompanying mylonitization in this portion of the EPRMZ was metamorphism at intermediate-low-pressure amphibolite-facies conditions. Deformation in the zone overlapped in time with Cretaceous intrusion of the batholith. In the San Ysidro Mountain — Pinyon Ridge area, four north-south trending zones of differing intensity of deformation have been defined; from east to west the degree and style of deformation gradually change from undeformed or weakly deformed rocks to strongly mylonitized rocks. Electron microprobe analysis shows that recrystallized hornblende, biotite, and plagioclase are variable in composition, probably reflecting a range of metamorphic conditions accompanying deformation. Comparison of mineral compositions with those from mafic schists of Vermont suggests conditions ranged from andalusite-staurolite through sillimanite-muscovite grades as defined for pelitic rocks. Stability of muscovite+quartz in mylonite assemblages and lack of remelting of granitic rocks indicate that temperature did not exceed about 650° C during mylonitization and lithostatic pressure did not exceed about 5 kbar. Over time, any given rock volume experienced a range of temperature, lithostatic pressure, and perhaps fluid pressure and differential stress. Mineral reactions in the zone involved hydration, requiring introduction of water. The possibility of large-scale migration of K and Fe is suggested by whole-rock chemical data. Brittle and ductile deformation features are closely associated in one part of the EPRMZ. The combined evidence suggests the presence of a pore fluid with fluid pressure close to lithostatic pressure. Short periods of low fluid pressure and possible high differential stress cannot be ruled out.  相似文献   

13.
An exhumed crustal section of the Mesozoic Torlesse terrane underlies the Southern Alps collision zone in New Zealand. Since the Late Miocene, oblique horizontal shortening has formed the northeastern–southwestern trending orogen and exhumed the crustal section within it. On the eastern side, rocks are zeolite- to prehnite–pumpellyite-grade greywacke; on the western side rocks, they have the same protolith, but are greenschist to amphibolite facies of the Alpine Schist. Zircon crystals from sediments in east-flowing rivers (hinterland) have pre-orogenic fission-track ages (>80 Ma) and are dominated by pink, radiation-damaged grains (up to 60%). These zircons are derived from the upper 10 km crustal section (unreset FT color zone) that includes the Late Cenozoic zircon partial annealing zone; both fission tracks and color remain intact and unaffected by orogenesis. Many zircon crystals from sediments in west-flowing rivers (foreland) have synorogenic FT ages, and about 80% are colorless due to thermal annealing. They have been derived from rocks that originally lay in the reset FT color zone and the underlying reset FT colorless zone. The reset FT color zone occurs between 250 and 400 °C. In this zone, zircon crystals have color but reset FT ages that reflect the timing of orogenesis.  相似文献   

14.
The Norumbega fault system in the Northern Appalachians in eastern Maine experienced complex post-Acadian ductile and brittle deformation from middle through late Paleozoic times. Well-preserved epizonal ductile shear zones in Fredericton belt metasedimentary rocks and granitic batholiths that intrude them provide valuable information on the nature, geometry, and evolution of orogen-parallel strike-slip Norumbega faulting. Metasedimentary rocks were ductilely sheared into phyllonite schistose mylonite, whereas granite into mylonite within the ductile shear zones. Ductile shearing took place at conditions of the lower greenschist facies with peak temperatures on the order of 300–350° based on comparison of plastic quartz and brittle feldspar microstructures, confirming a shallow crustal environment during faulting.Ductile shear strain was partitioned into two major shear zones in easternmost Maine—the Waite and Kellyland zones—but these zones converge toward the southwest. Megascopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic kinematic indicators confirm that fault motion in both zones was dominantly dextral strike-slip. Detailed mapping, especially in the plutonic rocks, reveals a complex ductile deformation history in the area where the Waite and Kellyland zones converge. Shear strain is broadly distributed in the rocks between Kellyland and Waite zones, and increases toward their junction. Multiple dextral high-strain zones oblique to both zones resemble megascopic synthetic c′ shear bands. Together with the Kellyland and Waite master shear zones, these define a megascopic S–C′ structure system produced in a regional-scale dextral strike-slip shear duplex that developed in the transition zone between the deeper (south-central Maine) and shallower (eastern Maine) segments of the Norumbega fault system.Granite plutons caught within the strike-slip shear duplex were intensely sheared and progressively smeared into long and narrow slivers identified by this study. The western lobe of the Deblois pluton and the Lucerne pluton have been recognized as the sources, respectively of the Third Lake Ridge and Morrison Ridge granite slivers. Restoration of both granite slivers to their presumed original positions yields approximately 25 km of dextral strike-slip displacement along only the Kellyland and synthetic ductile shear zones.  相似文献   

15.
Apatite fission-track analyses indicate that the Kazda? Massif in northwestern Anatolia was exhumed above the apatite partial annealing zone between 20 and 10 Ma (i.e. early-middle Miocene), with a cluster of ages at 17–14 Ma. The structural analysis of low-angle shear zones, high-angle normal faults and strike-slip faults, as well as stratigraphic analysis of upper-plate sedimentary successions and previous radiometric ages, point to a two-stage structural evolution of the massif. The first stage -encompassing much of the rapid thermal evolution of the massif- comprised late Oligocene-early Miocene low-angle detachment faulting and the associated development of small supradetachment grabens filled with a mixture of epiclastic, volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks (Küçükkuyu Fm.). The second stage (Plio-Quaternary) has been dominated by (i) strike-slip faulting related to the westward propagation of the North Anatolian fault system and (ii) normal faulting associated with present-day extension. This later stage affected the distribution of fission-track ages but did not have a component of vertical (normal) movement large enough to exhume a new partial annealing zone. The thermochronological data presented here support the notion that Neogene extensional tectonism in the northern Aegean region has been episodic, with accelerated pulses in the early-middle Miocene and Plio-Quaternary.  相似文献   

16.
A special metamorphic core complex underlain by a low-angle strike-slip ductile shear zone is present near Chifeng in eastern Inner Mongolia, northern China. The geology of the study area is similar to that of several Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes, but contrasts in significant ways as well. A major ESE-dipping normal fault, the Louzidian Range frontal fault, formed during Late Cretaceous extension. This fault separates a crystalline footwall locally containing mylonitic basement gneisses and granitic rocks (0 to >3 km thick) from a non-metamorphic hanging wall that is distended by normal faults. However, the shear sense of the underlying mylonitic shear zone, a low-angle strike-slip zone, is not compatible with the Louzidian fault. It may be related to a pre-Cretaceous regional sinistral strike-slip event rather than the Late Cretaceous regional crustal extension common throughout eastern China. Pre-existing mylonitic fabric anisotropy appears to have controlled the development of the Louzidian normal fault. Chloritic breccias locally developed along the fault indicate that it cut deeply into the crust of northern China.  相似文献   

17.
An integrated study of fission-track (FT) dating and structural geology revealed a complex tectono-thermal history preserved in basement rocks of central Madagascar since the amalgamation of Gondwana at the end of the Cambrian. A detailed study of five domains argues for several cooling steps with associated brittle deformations during the separation of Madagascar.Titanite and apatite FT ages range between 483 Ma and 266 Ma and between 460 Ma and 79 Ma, respectively. The titanite FT data indicate that the final cooling after the latest metamorphic overprint was terminated at c. 500 Ma (FC1). A 150 Myr phase of minor cooling (SC2), possibly related to a phase of tectonic quiescence and isostatic compensation, followed episode FC1. Between the Carboniferous and Early Jurassic, when an intracontinental rift developed between East Africa and Madagascar, complex brittle deformation effected the western margin of Madagascar and led to differential cooling of small basement blocks (FC3–FC5). During this period, ductile structural trends were reactivated at the western basement margin and in the centre of the island.A Late Cretaceous thermal event (T1) affected apatite FT data of samples from western–central and the eastern margin of Madagascar. These ages are related to the Madagascar–India/Seychelles break-up, whereby the thermal penetration along the eastern coast was restricted to the west by the Angavo shear zone (AGSZ). The Cretaceous evolution of the eastern margin was associated with minor erosion and was triggered by vertical displacements along brittle structures.  相似文献   

18.
Based on lithological, structural and geophysical characteristics, the Proterozoic Grenville Orogen of southern Ontario and New York has been divided into domains that are separated from each other by ductile shear zones. In order to constrain the timing of metamorphism, U-Pb ages were determined on metamorphic and igneous sphenes from marbles, calc-silicate gneisses, amphibolites, granitoids, skarns and pegmatites. In addition, U-Pb ages were obtained for monazites from metapelites and for a rutile from an amphibolite. These mineral ages constrain the timing of mineral growth, the duration of metamorphism and the cooling history of the different domains that make up the southern part of the exposed Grenville Orogen. Based on the ages from metamorphic minerals, regional and contact metamorphism occurred in the following intervals:Central Granulite Terrane:Adirondack Highlands: 1150 Ma; 1070–1050 Ma; 1030–1000 MaCentral Metasedimentary Belt:Adirondack Lowlands 1170–1130 MaFrontenac domain 1175–1150 MaSharbot Lake domain ca. 1152 MaFlzevir domain: 1240 Ma; 1060–1020 MaBancroft domain: ca. 1150 Ma; 1045–1030 MaCentral Gneiss Belt: ca. 1450 Ma; ca. 1150 Ma; 1100–1050 MaGrenville FrontTectonic Zone ca. 1000 Ma.Combination of mineral ages with results from thermobarometry indicates that metamorphic pressures and temperatures recorded by thermobarometers were reached polychronously in the different domains that are separated by major shear zones. Some of these shear zones such as the Robertson Lake shear zone and the Carthage-Colton shear zone represent major tectonic boundaries. The Grenville Orogen is made up of a collage of crustal terranes that have distinct thermal and tectonic histories and that were accreted laterally by tectonic processes analogous to those observed along modern active continental margins. The subsequent history of the orogen is characterized by slow time-integrated cooling rates of 3±1°C/Ma and denudation rates of 120±40m/Ma.  相似文献   

19.
The brachyanticlinal structure of the Saxonian Granulite Complex was formed, or at least overprinted, by large-scale crustal extension, which is documented in an extreme reduction of the metamorphic profile and a pressure-temperature path with nearly isothermal decompression. the granulite is situated within a south-west-northeast trending belt characterized by basaltic volcanism and an intrabasinal, sediment-producing rise, both active in Frasnian times. These features are taken to reflect at least part of the extension which has exhumed the high grade rocks; however, Cambro-Ordovician rifting possibly initiated the process. The Frasnian palaeogeography and geophysical data suggest that the axis of the granulite dome extends at least 150 km towards the south-west. The overall setting strongly resembles the metamorphic core complexes of the western USA, but the exhumation of rocks preserving evidence of metamorphic pressures of 10–12 kbar requires much higher extensional strain, possibly due to the longer period of stretching. Early Carboniferous compression and minor post-collisional extension (Late Carboniferous to Permian) have not significantly modified the earlier geometry. U-Pb and Sm-Nd data ranging between 380 and 340 Ma are interpreted to record retrogression during uplift rather than peak metamorphism.  相似文献   

20.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2002,24(6-7):1195-1214
Penetrative deformation occurred ca. 70 Ma ago throughout the northern Valhalla complex in Valhalla and Passmore domes and in the Gwillim Creek shear zone, exposed at the deepest structural levels in both domes. Intense strain (ST) in the Gwillim Creek shear zone (domain II) was synchronous with and outlasted deformation (D2) throughout the northern complex (domain I). Upper-amphibolite facies peak mineral assemblages define the predominant foliation. Temperature and pressure results, determined from microdomains with established relationships to reaction textures and microstructures, provide constraints on conditions under which deformation occurred. Deformation was synchronous with and outlasted peak metamorphic conditions at all structural levels. Peak conditions of 825°C and 730 MPa and 850°C and 840 MPa were determined for domains I and II, respectively. This was followed by cooling and retrograde garnet breakdown at conditions of 715°C and 490 MPa and 765°C and 730 MPa in domains I and II, respectively. The faster cooling rate per kilometer of exhumation for domain II relative to domain I is consistent with a model of conductive cooling via thrusting of domain II on to a cold footwall. Metamorphism is interpreted to have resulted from crustal thickening and burial to depths of ca. 25 km based on an inferred clockwise P–T path and the paucity of Late Cretaceous intrusions. Lack of retrograde metamorphism throughout the complex and the high degree of annealing of microstructures indicates that the rocks remained above greenschist-facies conditions until they were exhumed in the Early Tertiary on the Valkyr–Slocan Lake extensional shear zone system.Previous workers have determined that the peak of metamorphism occurred at 72–67 Ma in a restricted locality in the core of Passmore dome, near Vallican. Our study links this dated metamorphism with the structural evolution and metamorphic history throughout the area, and shows that supracrustal rocks at all structural levels in Valhalla and Passmore domes underwent the same metamorphic and deformation event as those near Vallican. Therefore, we assign a ca. 70 Ma age to the penetrative, high-temperature deformation in northern Valhalla complex and the Gwillim Creek shear zone. This coincides with a major period of shortening in the Rocky Mountains of the Foreland belt. Strain in northern Valhalla complex may represent a local transient shear zone that accommodated crustal thickening in the hinterland during orogen-scale compression, or it may be an exhumed part of the basal detachment of the Rocky Mountains.  相似文献   

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