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1.
一种新的 K-Ar定年方法：峰值比较法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
K-Ar法定年技术经历了体积法和稀释法等不断趋于成熟，但对于年轻火山岩进行定年时，由于同位素质量分馏的影响，上述方法都具有不可克服的缺陷。随着质谱仪稳定度和精度的提高，直接建立氩同位素含量与峰强度之间的定量关系，从而不再使用稀释剂（ 38 Ar）成为可能，这就是 K-Ar定年的新方法：峰值比较法（或无稀释剂法）。该方法可以消除质量分馏作用带来的误差，对年轻火山岩定年具有重要意义。近代火山物质都含有初始氩，且有不同程度的质量分馏，其同位素比值落在质量分馏线上，这表明质量分馏作用影响 K-Ar定年的准确性，尤其是非常年轻的样品。通过精确测定样品的 38 Ar／ 36 Ar比值，可以准确扣除样品中的初始 40 Ar，从而得到放射成因 40 Ar含量。这种测量方法可以用于较老岩石、矿物样品的年龄测定，其结果与 K-Ar稀释法以及 40 Ar－ 39 Ar法相一致；更重要的是可以用于年轻样品的年龄测定，可以测 2～5ka的岩矿样品，对富钾矿物的测量误差小于 1ka；对老于 0．1Ma的样品，相对误差不大于 1．5％。介绍了峰值比较法的基本原理和测试过程，同时还讨论它的使用条件和定年范围。 相似文献
2.
使用钾长石进行释光测年时,由于长石的释光信号存在异常衰减,会导致沉积事件年龄的低估。对中国北方4个全新世样品分别使用石英和钾长石矿物组分释光测年,通过测量钾长石的衰退系数(g值)对钾长石使用再生剂量法获得的表征年龄进行了校正。发现对于本文所研究的年轻样品钾长石表征年龄与石英年龄相比系统偏小约2％～9％,钾长石校正年龄与石英年龄相比则严重偏大约16％～40％,表明使用g值无法校正年轻样品的钾长石年龄。对于年轻样品,钾长石IRSL信号异常衰减现象对测年结果的影响是可以忽略的。 相似文献
3.
东喜马拉雅构造结岩体冷却的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对采自东喜马拉雅构造结核心地段雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区的13件标本中的20件矿物样品进行了系统的常规^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究。数据显示,样品的（^40Ar／^39Ar）i值均接近尼尔值（295．5±5）,且绝大部分样品的坪年龄与其反等时线年龄在误差范围内一致。从数据统计结果来看,所测样品的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄大都集中在1．3Ma和2．5Ma左右,表明南迦巴瓦地区在上新世中期和更新世早期均经历了快速冷却抬升事件。本次测试的样品采自不同的高程及不同的构造单元,且样品原岩的成因及岩性各异,但沿着大峡谷由北向南不同地段的样品的不同矿物（角闪石、黑云母、白云母、钾长石）的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄相近,而同一样品中不同矿物的^40Ar／^39Ar年龄大小又并非完全按照矿物对氩同位素体系的封闭温度高低来分布,表明该地区在上新世以来的岩体冷却速率很大,以致该地区的矿物对氩同位素体系的封闭过程与处于缓慢冷却环境中的封闭过程明显不同。以本文报道的数据估算,南迦巴瓦地区的岩体在最近3Ma以来的冷却速率达120～240℃／Ma,岩体抬升速率达3．4—6．9mm／a。 相似文献
4.
《地质科学》2015,(1)
K-Ar、~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年中,用以计算囚禁~(40)Ar绝对量的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar,称为初始氩比值。现代大气中的初始氩比值叫尼尔值,为295.5。K-Ar、~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年的表观年龄都是在假设初始氩比值与现代大气中的尼尔值一致的基础上得到的。事实证明,地球样品的初始氩比值不总是尼尔值,因此这种假定不可靠,尤其在对年轻样品进行K-Ar、~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年时,会带来错误的表观年龄结果。对于K-Ar、~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar精细年代学,特别对于年轻样品和低钾含量样品,只有初始氩比值才对定年研究有意义,而初始氩比值只能通过~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时线法求得。所以严格地讲,只有等时线年龄才是可靠的。结合实验流程,本文分析了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年中为什么大多数等时线获取的初始氩比值接近尼尔值,一是因为常规~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄的计算方法,二是因为吸附氩的干扰。初始氩比值的一致性,被用来证明样品同位素同源和封闭特性,对年龄数据的精度及可靠性有非常大的影响,尤其是年轻样品。因此,在~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年中要选取氩同位素初始比值一致的同源样品,并在实验流程中尽量克服样品吸附气体。本文对传统~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar方法中坪年龄、年龄坪的意义提出了质疑,对提高~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年的精度具有重要意义,并使之能够应用到极年轻的火山岩定年中。 相似文献
5.
帕米尔构造结塔什库尔干碱性杂岩同位素年代学研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
利用高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测定了帕米尔构造结中东部塔什库尔干碱性杂岩的年龄,岩体不同岩石类型的年龄均为11Ma,与野外证据吻合。通过与该杂岩体钾长~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时线年龄(23Ma、13Ma)对比研究,~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年结果明显偏老,认为是由于钾长石中含有过剩氩所致,并分析了过剩氩存在的可能原因。因此塔什库尔干碱性杂岩的活动时代可以确定为11Ma,而且钾长石不宜作为该杂岩体测年的理想对象。结合岩体的成因及构造意义,认为在11Ma前,帕米尔构造结地区已具有加厚下地壳的特征。 相似文献
6.
秦岭—巴山地区花岗岩类岩石的出露面积约34000km~2,占秦巴面积的8%。该区花岗岩类岩石形成的时代多期,成因多样,成分复杂。该区花岗岩类岩石中现有 K—Ar 同位素年龄样近1000个。这些样品是不同单位在不同时期所采,由不同单位用不同方法、不同仪器分析。用 K—Ar 同位素蜕变计算矿物年龄的地质原理可以表述如下:某含钾矿物(或岩石)在结晶时没有放射性氩混入,结晶后 K—Ar 处于封闭体系,则此矿物(或岩石)中 Ar~(40)∶K~(40)的含量是年龄的函数。上述原理是以两个假设为前提的:第一,假设结晶时没有放射性氩混入;第二,假设结晶之后,K、Ar 处于封闭体系。但是,实际上上述两个假设往往是不能满足的。这是因为:①现 相似文献
7.
氩-氩定年法中系统的空白本底是实现微区微量定年的关键条件。在北京大学“造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室全自动40Ar/39Ar激光探针定年系统”上以ZBH-25黑云母标样为试验样品进行了1个颗粒、3个颗粒和5个颗粒的全熔法定年以及7个颗粒的4步、9步、14步、19步和24步的分步释氩年龄谱测试。获得的5个氩同位素空白本底水平表明,本系统已经完全具备对中生代或更老的地质样品进行单颗粒全熔法等时线定年的能力。矿物或岩石光片原位全熔法定年的空白本底条件也已经具备。在适当增加样品量情况下（如10个颗粒）,几个百万年的年轻样品全熔等时线定年也可以实现。去除干扰分子对36Ar空白本底的影响,以及系统长期稳定运行后36Ar空白本底的逐渐降低,实现微量样品的分步释氩年龄谱定年是必然的。 相似文献
8.
9.
成岩混层（I／S）Ar—Ar年龄谱型及^39Ar核反冲丢失机理研究——以浙江长兴地区P—T界线粘土岩为例 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25
本文以浙江长兴地区P—T界线上的粘土岩为研究对象，对其中的成岩混层I／S进行了K—Ar和Ar—Ar测年实验研究，结果表明，沉积岩中成岩混层I／S的K—Ar年龄在没有碎屑含钾矿物混入的情况下，比其对应的地层时代要年轻。成岩混层I／S的常规^40Ar／^39Ar阶段升温测年一般情况下得不到年龄坪，只有当类蒙皂石层的含量为零时（即没有膨胀层的成岩伊利石），才能形成平坦的年龄谱。^39Ar的核反冲丢失不仅发生在矿物表面，也发生在矿物内部，最高可达48％左右，0．2μm粒级可能是^39Ar核反冲丢失量的拐点，同时也表明，用快中子照射硅酸盐样品，核反冲距离可以达到0．2μm。 相似文献
10.
(极)年轻火山岩激光熔蚀40Ar/39Ar定年 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对中国大量年轻或/和极年轻火山岩的定年实践研究表明,(极)年轻火山岩的激光熔蚀40Ar/39 Ar定年具有不同于第四纪以前喷发火山岩定年的显著特点.激光熔蚀40Ar/39Ar定年技术因为本底低、样品用量小以及与现代惰性气体同位素质谱设备在灵敏度、高精度方面的相一致,在年轻火山岩的定年中得到深入运用.借助激光在年轻或/和极年轻火山岩的40 Ar/39 Ar定年中,实践证明,样品形成时限越年轻(特别是相当于第四纪时期的样品),Nier值与样品中初始氩比值的偏离会引起K-Ar和40Ar/39 Ar表观年龄的偏差越大.对于小于0.2Ma的样品,Nier值与样品中初始氩比值的偏离对K-Ar和40Ar/39Ar表观年龄的偏差影响呈指数增长;当样品年龄相对较老(老于第四纪)时,Nier值和初始氩比值的偏离对K-Ar和40Ar/39 Ar表观年龄的影响较小.以40Ar/ArAr定年为出发点,定量给出界定年轻与极年轻火山岩的年龄:2～0.2Ma的火山岩界定为年轻火山岩,0.2Ma以来的火山岩称为极年轻火山岩.实验结果还证实,测定(极)年轻火山岩基质年龄时要尽量剔除非同源分馏的斑晶,以便去除斑晶可能带来的过剩氩影响;年轻火山岩样品的测年,应根据岩石结构和粒度特征选取合适的粒度,通常情况下,推荐0.2mm颗粒直径(60～80目)为理想粒径;年轻火山岩样品在快中子辐照后冷却放置时间不宜过长,否则造成37 Ar测不准,影响数据结果,带来较大偏差;激光40Ar/39Ar精细定年对标准样品的均一性有很高的要求,通过标定常用的国内外监测标样发现,标样SB-778-Bi,Bem4M,BT-1均一性很好,适合用作激光熔蚀40Ar/39Ar定年监测;测试数据的处理中,火山岩喷发后冷却结晶中同时形成的斑晶和基质的等时线处理能够帮助获得客观真实和精细的年龄结果.在此基础上,北京大学惰性气体同位素实验室建成了专用于(极)年轻火山岩精细定年的激光熔蚀40Ar/39Ar定年实验流程. 相似文献
11.
The K-Ar system in clay fractions from shallow marine carbonate shelf environments was investigated on silicate fractions (clay minerals, feldspar) separated from 20 Lower Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, deposited in the southern Tethys ocean. The range of lithologies investigated included dolomite and chalk [IR (insoluble residue)<10%], marl, shale (IR= 70–85%) and sandstone (IR>90%). The results show that K-bearing clay fractions often have K-Ar ages similar to the suggested age of deposition, which means either supply of land-derived authigenic K-bearing clays or synsedimentary diagenetic authigenesis, or both. This K-Ar synsedimentary signal is recorded in clay fractions from the whole range of studied lithologies and stratigraphic units. Among the clay minerals, the synsedimentary K-Ar signature was recorded and retained in illite/smectite of the <2-um and <0.2-um fractions. A prominent synsedimentary signature is found in K-feldspars, from shaly and especially from calcareous rocks, which is substantiated by their authigenic origin based on idiomorphic crystal morphology and their limited size distribution (4–10 um). Post-depositional closure of the K-Ar system is indicated by ages up to 15 Ma younger than the stratigraphic age in different lithologies from dispersed localities. A distinct late diagenetic (20–25 Ma younger) event is recorded in the formation of authigenic K-feldspar within Upper Cretaceous chalk and shale. In the IR and >10-um fractions the K-Ar ages reflect the contribution of detrital mica and feldspar which accompanies the kaolinite-dominated samples. The overall results differ considerably from K-Ar age patterns observed in deep-sea sediments, a difference which may be connected with the occurrence of brines in these shelf deposits. The findings indicate the potential in the K-Ar dating of fine IR fractions of marine shelf sediments in terms of geochronological-stratigraphic and palaeogeographical aspects as well as in the petrology of clay minerals themselves. 相似文献
12.
测定了华南某些与钨矿床有关的花岗岩和钨矿脉样品的K—Ar年龄,共37件。这些花岗岩的表观年龄自183Ma至99.5Ma(年龄值为715Ma的岩体与钨矿无关),其中68％以上样品值域在150Ma左右。~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar—40K/~(36)Ar等时线图解给出的等时年龄为132.1Ma,说明这些花岗岩在形成时代上属中侏罗到早白垩世。我们发现在华南钨矿成矿域内,有一个从中心带向外年龄逐渐变青的趋势。用矿脉中和矿脉侧云英岩中云母类矿物所做的K—Ar定年得到的矿化作用的年龄,与各自相关的花岗岩的年龄非常接近,以至于很难用K—Ar定年法加以区别。即成矿作用和成岩作用有一种准同期性。等时线对应的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar初始比高于现今大气Ar的比值,表明花岗岩在固结时有继承Ar存在。 相似文献
13.
14.
Ar-Ar dating of authigenic K-feldspar: Quantitative modelling of radiogenic argon-loss through subgrain boundary networks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We have analysed two distinct generations of authigenic K-feldspar in Fucoid Bed sandstones from An-t-Sron and Skiag Bridge, NW Highlands, Scotland, which have experienced post-growth heating to levels in excess of the predicted Ar-closure temperature. Authigenic K-feldspars show microtextural similarities to patch perthites; that is subgrains separated by dislocation-rich boundary networks that potentially act as fast diffusion pathways for radiogenic argon.The two generations of authigenic K-feldspar in the Fucoid Bed sandstones can be distinguished by different microtextural zones, bulk mineral compositions, fluid-inclusion populations, and inferred temperatures and chemistries of parent fluids. Ar-Ar age data obtained using high-resolution ultraviolet laser ablation, show that the first cementing generation is Ordovician and the second cementing generation is Silurian.Modelling of Ar diffusion using subgrain size as the effective diffusion dimension and a simplified tectono-thermal thrust model assuming transient heating of the Fucoid Beds is inconsistent with observed data. Removal of heat from the thrust zone through rapid flushing of heated fluids rather than transient heating can be invoked to explain the observed Ar-Ar ages for both generations of cement. Alternatively, Ar-diffusion modelling using overgrowth thickness as the effective diffusion dimension instead of subgrain size also yields models that are consistent with both the Fucoid Bed palaeothermal maxima and determined Ar-Ar age ages for the two generations of K-feldspar cement. Based on this alternate explanation, we propose a theoretical microtextural model that highlights fundamental differences between the microtextures of deuterically formed patch perthites and authigenic K-feldspars, explaining the apparent robustness of authigenic K-feldspar with respect to Ar-retention. 相似文献
15.
Shouji Kihara Kenichi Hoshino Makoto Watanabe Hirotsugu Nishido Shunso Ishihara 《Resource Geology》2005,55(2):123-129
Abstract. The Umanotani-Shiroyama pegmatite deposits, the largest producer of K-feldspar and quartz in Japan, are of typical granitic pegmatite. Ilmenite-series biotite granite and granite porphyry, hosting the ore deposits, and biotites separated from these rocks yielded K-Ar ages ranging from 89.0 to 81.4 Ma and 95.2 to 93.7 Ma, respectively. Muscovite and K-feldspar separated from the ore zone yielded K-Ar ages with the range of 96.2 to 93.1 Ma and 87.3 to 80.7 Ma, respectively. Muscovites from quartz-muscovite veins in the ore zone and in the granite porphyry yielded K-Ar ages of 90.4 and 76.3 Ma, respectively. K-feldspar is much younger in age than coexisting muscovite. It is noted that the K-Ar ages of biotite separates and the whole-rock ages are identical to those of muscovite and K-feldspar in the ore zone, respectively. These time relations, as well as field occurrence, indicate that the formation of the pegmatite deposits at the Umanotani-Shiroyama mine is closely related in space and time to a series of granitic magmatism of ilmenite-series nature. Using closure temperatures of the K-Ar system for biotite and K-feldspar (microcline), cooling rate of the pegmatite deposits is estimated to be about 82C/m.y. at the beginning, but slowed down to about 15C/m.y. in the later period. 相似文献
16.
Gilbert N. Hanson Kathleen R. Simmons A.E. Bence 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1975,39(9):1269-1278
Biotite, hornblende and muscovite from 2700 m.y. old rocks in northeastern Minnesota near the contact of the 1150 m.y. Duluth Complex have been analyzed by 40Ar/39Ar technique to determine whether spectrum ages can be used to distinguish partial loss of radiogenic argon due to a reheating event. Biotite and hornblende give plateau ages comparable to the ordinary K-Ar ages for all samples including those with intermediate ages. Muscovite gives plateau ages for the samples with less than 11% argon loss. An intermediate muscovite with a conventional K-Ar age of 1850 m.y. gives progressively older 40Ar/39Ar ages for higher temperature fractions.Microprobe analysis reveals no systematic correlation between biotite chemistry and loss of argon in the contact zone. This suggests that the rate-controlling process for the loss of argon from biotite in the contact zone may be volume diffusion or recrystallization without a measurable change in major element composition. Biotites with intermediate ages give plateaus because the rate-controlling processes in the vacuum furnace are related to dehydroxylation and delamination and are unrelated to the process causing loss of argon in the contact zone.The data for the muscovites are not easily interpreted, in part because of the limited number of samples. The hornblende data show a correlation between argon loss and change in major element composition suggesting that recrystallization may be a rate-controlling process for the loss of argon from hornblende in the contact zone. The small number of samples precludes a definitive statement. 相似文献
17.
R. T. Watkins I. McDougall A. P. Le Roex 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(2):348-356
K-Ar mineral ages from intrusive units of the Brandberg and Okenyenya igneous complexes, north-western Namibia, confirm the Early Cretaceous age of the subvolcanic centres. The two centres are contemporaneous, although the range of ages from Brandberg, 135.2 ± 1.5 to 125.4 ± 1.3 Ma, suggests a rather longer period of intrusion than is represented by the rocks of Okenyenya, 133.3 ± 1.4 to 129.2 ± 0.7 Ma. The mean K-Ar age of the Okenyenya complex is essentially equivalent to previously determined Rb-Sr ages for the Messum and Paresis complexes on the same igneous lineament, but is a little greater than that suggested recently from Rb-Sr dating of this complex (129.1–123.4Ma). K-Ar chronology for the Brandberg complex is in conflict with the order of emplacement of granite units previously inferred from field evidence. In particular, the Amis peralkaline layered intrusion yields the oldest age from the complex, 135.2 ± 1.4 Ma. The concordancy of age measurements of amphibole and biotite, having very different potassium contents, from single rock samples is compelling evidence that neither inherited radiogenic argon, nor argon loss, presents a significant problem in the dated rocks. If the K - Ar age of 135 Ma for the Amis intrusion is correct, it constrains the minimum age for the onset of Etendeka flood volcanism, associated with continental break-up, as Etendeka lavas exhibit contact metamorphism and metasomatism around the rim of the Brandberg complex. 相似文献
18.
本文提供了11条不同成因、不同时代岩石和矿物的40Ar/36Ar-40K/36Ar等时线,其中3条是新近测定的,另8条是对以前常规K-Ar定年资料的重新处理。测定对象包括年轻火山岩、花岗岩、矿脉及古老岩系中的铁镁质岩墙。测定的时间跨度从第四纪到前寒武纪。研究证明,K-Ar等时线定年既具有常规定年测定对象广泛、可测时间跨度大的优点,又能避免常规法的缺陷,可获得更可信的年龄和更多的有用信息。但是负截距的形成及其所代表的地质意义尚有待深入研究。 相似文献
19.
The K-Ar method and its modifications play a unique role in the geochronology of young volcanic rocks, which has important fundamental and economic aspects. This method provides an opportunity for dating Quaternary rocks, from the oldest (1–2 Ma) to the most recent ones (<30 ka). This paper discusses physical and geochemical prerequisites for the use of the K-Ar method in the solution of this problem. The key factor providing favorable proportions of radiogenic and nonradiogenic 40Ar for the K-Ar system in volcanic rocks is the low solubility of argon (0.n–0.0n ppb) in silicate melts and crystallizing rocks and minerals. The sources and controlling factors of errors in the K-Ar dating of young rocks were evaluated in detail. The main analytical problem in the K-Ar dating of young rocks is concerned with the conditions and methods of measurements of very low (0.0n–0.00n ppb) contents of radiogenic 40Ar accompanied by much higher (by a factor of 3–10 or even more) contents of nonradiogenic 40Ar. The main stages in the development of the K-Ar method in Russia and other countries that provided a solution to this problem are described. We describe the analytical mass spectrometer system and method designed in the Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, which allowed us to carry out for the first time in Russia systematic studies on the geochronology of Quaternary volcanics up to late Pleistocene-Holocene age. The main characteristics of the method are the absolute sensitivity of measurements (5 × 10?3 A/Torr) and background signal levels for argon isotopes (3 × 10?3 ng 40Ar and 1 × 10?5 ng 36Ar). The problems of excess radiogenic argon and variations in the initial 40Ar/36Ar ratio in young volcanics are discussed. The results of an investigation of the distribution of K-Ar isotopes among various constituents of young volcanics and the corresponding approach to the choice of material (geochronometer) for analysis are presented. This approach is illustrated by the example of geochronological results for three volcanic centers of the Caucasus differing in the time of occurrence and duration of the active phase: Elbrus, Samsari, and Aragats. A tentative regional time scale was proposed for Neogene-Quaternary magmatic events. This scale generalized the available data for the Greater and Lesser Caucasus and embraces the period from the late Miocene (8.5 Ma) to the late Neopleistocene-Holocene (<35 ka). An interesting feature of the young magmatism of the Caucasus is the synchronous occurrence of distinctive types of volcanic activity in particular volcanic areas. An important prognostic aspect related to the proposed time scale of the young magmatism of the Caucasus is the evidence that the most recent stage of volcanic activity, the youngest occurrences of which were dated at a few thousands to tens of thousands of years, is not yet finished. 相似文献