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1.
为了解决微米铁的重力沉降问题,提高微米铁修复地下水Cr（Ⅵ）污染的原位修复效果,本文利用黄原胶对微米铁进行改性,并通过沉降实验探究改性微米铁浆液的稳定性,同时选择Cr（Ⅵ）作为目标污染物,探究黄原胶改性微米铁去除地下水Cr（Ⅵ）污染的降解能力。实验结果显示：当黄原胶的投加质量浓度分别为0.0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、6.0 g/L时,改性微米铁浆液的悬浮稳定性逐渐得到加强,在5 h沉降实验结束时,对应的相对分光光度值分别为0.05、0.25、0.46、0.57、0.65、0.73和0.87;黄原胶具有抑制微米铁吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的能力,其可促进Cr（Ⅵ）的还原,提高Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率;随着黄原胶投加质量浓度的增加,对应的Cr（Ⅵ）去除率分别为33.4%、41.2%、47.4%、51.1%、53.0%、63.9%和64.1%;6.0 g/L黄原胶改性的微米铁浆液具有最佳的悬浮稳定性,黄原胶的投加提高了微米铁的反应活性,但当黄原胶投加质量浓度超过3.0 g/L时,其对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率没有显著提高;黄原胶投加质量浓度越大,黄原胶的缓冲作用就越明显。 相似文献
2.
硝基苯污染可使地下水环境质量急剧恶化。利用阻截墙控制地下水中的硝基苯污染范围的扩大,是控制地下水环境继续恶化的经济、有效方法之一。以粘土、沸石、铁粉、硫酸钙等与水调配成泥浆,利用压力向井中回灌,将泥浆注入到含水层中,可有效地阻截地下水中硝基苯的扩散。 相似文献
3.
在原位氧化过程中,实际场地地下水和含水介质的物化特征是影响氧化效果的重要因素,而目前对此影响的研究较少。以某场地实际高盐强酸性复合苯系污染地下水为研究对象,以地下水中2-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(2-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,2-N)和3-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(3-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,3-N)为特征污染物,探究芬顿(Fenton)试剂原位氧化特征,并研究液相环境因素(初始H2O2浓度、初始Fe2+浓度、初始pH值、初始醋酸(Acetic acid,HAc)浓度、初始SO42-浓度)以及含水层介质对Fenton法去除2-N和3-N的影响。结果显示:(1)Fenton法去除2-N和3-N效果显著,且在初始液相条件为c(H2O2)=7 mmol/L、c(Fe2+)=4 mmol/L、pH=4、c(HAc)=0 mg/L和c(SO42-)=0 mmol/L时去除效果最佳;(2)各因素对Fenton法氧化2-N和3-N的影响不同,加入H2O2和Fe2+使2-N和3-N去除率上升,增大HAc浓度使2-N和3-N去除率下降;(3)含水层介质对2-N和3-N具有一定吸附性,且对3-N的吸附性强于2-N,二者在本实验中最大吸附态占比分别为29%和42%,而吸附态的存在会抑制Fenton法对2-N和3-N的去除;(4)矿物分析结果显示介质含有少量黄铁矿,在硫酸环境下,介质腐蚀溶解释放Fe2+,在达到一定浓度后,无需额外添加Fe2+即可完成Fenton反应进而去除2-N和3-N。 相似文献
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5.
为掌握某化工厂Cr6+污染状况及风险水平,在研究区布设土壤与地下水采样点各19个,测定Cr6+含量,分析污染特征与成因,并开展健康风险评估。结果表明：表层土壤(0～0.5 m)Cr6+超标率为42.11%,其浓度随深度增加总体上降低,但在地下水位附近(15～20 m)回升,主要因长期淋溶作用使污染物向下迁移至含水层位富集。浅层地下水Cr6+超标率为73.68%,深层地下水超标率为37.50%。整体而言该区土壤和地下水Cr6+污染形势不容乐观,应开展水土协同治理。空间上表层土壤Cr6+分布受人类活动影响,与投产期厂内功能区的划分相关性较低。地下水Cr6+受水动力场影响,表现为西北高东南低,污染羽中心向下游方向迁移。土壤致癌风险均值为1.85×10-6,介于10-6～10-4,风险中等,应引起必要重视。非致癌风险低于1,无慢性毒害影响。经口摄入土壤为主要暴露途径。地下水致癌... 相似文献
6.
地下水超采引发大清河流域范围内一系列生态环境负效应,地下水与地表水关系密切,厘清大清河流域平原区地下水化学特征及演化规律,对大清河流域水资源合理开发利用具有重要意义,然而目前尚缺乏对大清河流域地下水化学特征特别是其历史以来的演变规律作系统的分析。本文以海河流域大清河平原区地下含水系统为例,采集浅层含水层组47个水样和深层含水层组32个水样,测试了主要阴离子(Cl-、SO■、NO-3)和阳离子(K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+)等指标,利用水化学类型、吉布斯模型、离子比值关系等方法,研究其水化学特征及演化规律。测试结果显示：浅层含水层组受到气象和人为因素影响较大,浅层和深层含水层组pH值(7.35～8.92)差异不大,偏碱性;浅层含水层组由于农业活动等影响,造成局部地区的硝酸盐和硫酸盐污染。水岩相互作用分析显示：硅酸盐矿物风化是研究区主要的矿物来源,硅酸盐矿物溶解、阳离子交换为主要的水化学作用。研究区浅层地下水水化学特征总体上受地形和水... 相似文献
7.
渗透反应格栅修复铬污染地下水的试验研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
试验用零价铁 (Fe0) 和活性炭作为反应介质,设计渗透反应格栅 (PRB),对六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]污染地下水进行了实验室修复研究.试验结果表明:活性炭对 Cr 有一定的吸附作用;Fe0 对 Cr(Ⅵ) 有较强的还原作用;Fe0 和活性炭的协同作用有效地增强了Fe0 PRB 的处理能力;可以使 Cr(Ⅵ) 从 20 mg/L 降低到 0.05 mg/L 以下.冲洗试验表明,Fe0 还原 Cr(Ⅵ) 生成 Cr(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ) 生成 Cr(OH)3 沉淀,而没有随着水体流动而流失到"下游"水体中.实验结果说明 PRB 技术治理 Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水是可行的. 相似文献
8.
通过实验研究筛选出一种经济可行的用于修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水的PRB反应介质。实验以Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水为研究对象,选用MB、Fe0、粉煤灰和活性炭4种材料进行PRB介质筛选的静态实验,选取处理效果好且经济的MB作为PRB反应介质进行动态修复实验。结果表明:以MB作为PRB反应介质可以使Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度从0.50 mg/L降低到0.05 mg/L以下,达到地下水水质Ⅲ类标准;且MB具有吸附量大、固液分离容易、无解吸、无二次污染等优点。以MB作为PRB反应介质修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染的地下水是可行的。 相似文献
9.
干旱内陆盆地高砷含量的地下水威胁着当地饮用水安全，其形成机制尚不完全清楚。为厘清这类高砷地下水的形成机制，本文以河套平原西部地下水为研究对象，分析其中As等部分氧化还原敏感元素含量和氢、氧同位素组成(δD和δ18O)。结果表明，地下水样的As的质量浓度为1.5～155μg/L(均值为36.7μg/L),超半数样品超过10μg/L,主要分布于盆地中部的浅层含水层。水样的氢、氧同位素组成和离子间的相关性分析表明，虽然蒸发浓缩作用导致地下水富集Na+和Cl-,但对As的富集影响不显著；在偏碱性环境中因解吸附作用产生的As进入地下水，对As的富集有一定贡献；负载As的铁氧化物还原性溶解和沉积物中的As(V)还原性解吸附是地下水中As富集的主要原因；强还原环境中，硫酸盐还原作用形成的硫代砷可能会促使As在地下水中高度富集。 相似文献
10.
为了研究陕西省泾惠渠灌区地下水污染特征及人体健康风险状况,采集地下水样品进行分析测定,首先运用单因子指数法进行污染评价,再利用GIS获取主要污染物As、Cr （Ⅵ）和NO3--N的空间分布特征,最后借鉴美国环境保护署的人体健康风险评价模型对灌区地下水污染物的人体健康风险做出评价。结果表明：研究区地下水中As、Cr （Ⅵ）、NO3--N的质量浓度均超标,As对成人的致癌风险最高达3.50×10-4,明显超出限值1.00×10-4,长期暴露对当地居民带来罹患癌症的健康风险较高;As、Cr （Ⅵ）、NO3--N的非致癌风险从大到小排序为Cr （Ⅵ）、NO3--N、As,其中Cr （Ⅵ）对儿童的非致癌风险最高,达8.693 7,远超限值1.000 0,危害性最大。空间分布特征方面,As的致癌风险区域面积比例最高,为42.82%,As、Cr （Ⅵ）、NO3--N的非致癌风险区域面积比例分别高达69.19%、69.06%和66.55%,水安全问题突出。 相似文献
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Geochemistry and Cr stable isotopes of Cr-contaminated groundwater in León valley,Guanajuato, México
Alejandro Villalobos-Aragón Andre S. Ellis María A. Armienta Ofelia Morton-Bermea Thomas M. Johnson 《Applied Geochemistry》2012
León valley, located in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, has a long history (35+ a) of Cr contamination of groundwater and surface water. Here data are presented for Cr, major ion and trace element concentrations and Cr stable isotope measurements of groundwater in a heavily contaminated aquifer in Buenavista, where Cr ore processing residue piles (COPRPs) located in a chromate production factory are the main source of Cr. The aquifer directly beneath the factory still retains very high Cr(VI) concentrations (∼121 mg/L). Ongoing pump and treat remediation is keeping the high concentration plume confined to the factory area and immediate vicinity, though Cr is also detected at some distance away. Chromium isotope data of the aquifer directly under the factory show only a small increase in δ53Cr (+0.33‰ to +0.81‰) and indicates minimal reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Very high Cr(VI) concentrations have possibly overwhelmed natural reductants and furthermore fresh Cr(VI) was being leached into the groundwater from the COPRP. From just one year of Cr isotope data it is clear that more aggressive remediation techniques will be necessary to reduce or eliminate the contamination. The fringes of the Cr plume have substantially lower concentrations and can be partially explained by transport of the main plume or mixing between waters from the nearby landfill and highly contaminated waters from QC. While the source of Cr at the fringes of the plume could be attributed to a source from the nearby landfill instead of the main plume from the factory, the Cr stable isotope data show enrichment in the heavier isotopes and point to varying amounts of reduction. Isotopic enrichment seen between 2007 and 2008 along the fringe may indicate either reduction or less unreacted Cr(VI) is being transported to the fringes. In either case some potential for natural attenuation of Cr(VI) exists at the western margin of the plume with the landfill playing a role. 相似文献
12.
通过对焦作地区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)污染物分布特征进行调查,分析了研究区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的污染机理,并运用Visual MODFLOW建立地下水流模型及溶质运移模型,模拟预测了浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移规律。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)污染严重,污染源是位于老君庙西南方向的焦作某电厂堆灰场,主要原因是露天堆放的粉煤灰中的铬(Ⅵ)污染物在长期淋滤作用下下渗污染含水层。气候条件、包气带岩性、地下水化学环境以及人为因素等也间接使浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)浓度升高;模拟结果显示在未来的五年时间内,受地形和地下水动力场的影响,浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移方向与地下径流方向一致,沿大沙河水流方向上扩散速度更快,污染区域面积逐渐增大。 相似文献
13.
Assessing the effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles produced by green tea for Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater remediation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (NZVI) produced by using green tea (GT) extract as a reductant can remove Cr(VI) from water effectively, which can be utilized in groundwater remediation. In order to define the reaction mechanism and removal effect in the aquifer, in this study, GT-NZVI particles were prepared and measured by some characterization methods to define their surface performance, and then batch and one-dimensional experiments were carried out to reveal the reaction properties of GT-NZVI and Cr(VI) in groundwater. The results showed that the prepared GT-NZVI particles were regular spherical with a diameter of 10–20 nm, which could disperse in water stably. The main component of GT-NZVI was α-Fe with superficial polyphenols as a stabilizer. GT-NZVI suspension had good ability to reduce the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in water. When the concentration of GT-NZVI was 1 g/L, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L reached 92.8% in 1 h reaction. In column tests, GT-NZVI passed through the natural sand column successfully with an average outflow percentage of 71.2%. The simulated in-situ reaction zone (IRZ) with GT-NZVI was used to remediate Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater. The outflow concentration of Cr(VI) kept in 0.14–0.32 mg/L corresponding to the outflow rate below 0.32% within 15 days, and the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by IRZ with GT-NZVI decreased with the increase of aquifer medium particle size, groundwater flow rate and ionic strength. Most of Cr(III) as reduzate was adsorbed or immobilized on the surface or in the lattice of GT-NZVI, which indicated effective immobilization for chromium. 相似文献
14.
Hexavalent chromium is a soluble, mobile, and highly toxic metal ion in groundwater. Adsorption by permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) with special sorbent is a common method to remove hexavalent chromium. A series of experiments have been performed to remove hexavalent chromium in groundwater under PRB with modified chitosan. Therefore, in this paper, the authors first estimated adsorption characteristics of the modified chitosan in a column test, and then calibrated the PRB adsorption parameters in a sandbox test, and finally designed an optimal width, length, and depth of the PRB with the same reactive media in a three-dimensional aquifer. The results showed that the modified chitosan might be a potential adsorption medium. The design schemes can meet the water quality standard of 0.1 mg/L Cr(VI). Heterogeneity of dispersion is a crucial factor when designing the PRB. Therefore, the design of the PRB structures can be appropriate and serve as reference for groundwater remediation. 相似文献
15.
When pumping is conducted in confined aquifer inside excavation pit(waterproof curtain),the direction of the groundwater seepage outside the excavation changes from horizontal to vertical owing to the existence of the curtain barrier.There is no analytical calculation method for the groundwater head distribution induced by dewatering inside excavation.This paper first analyses the mechanism of the blocking effects from a close barrier in confined aquifer.Then,a simple equation based on analytical solution is proposed to calculate groundwater heads inside and outside of the excavation pit with waterproof curtain(hereafter refer to close barrier)in a confined aquifer.The distribution of groundwater head is derived according to two conditions:(i)pumping with a constant water head,and(ii)pumping with a constant flow rate.The proposed calculation equation is verified by both numerical simulation and experimental results.The comparisons demonstrate that the proposed model can be applied in engineering practice of excavation. 相似文献
16.
A small-scale field test was initiated in September 1994 to evaluate the in situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with chromate using a permeable reactive barrier composed of a mixture of zero-valent Fe, sand and aquifer sediment. The site used was an old chrome-plating facility located on a U.S. Coast Guard air base near Elizabeth City, North Carolina. Dissolved chromate concentrations were reduced to less than 0.01 mg/L via reduction from Cr(VI) to Cr(III) as a result of the corrosion of the Fe. As the Fe corrodes, pH increases, oxidation-reduction potential declines, dissolved oxygen is consumed, and Fe(II) is generated. Mineral phases formed as a result of the Fe corrosion include ferrous sulfides and various Fe oxides, hydroxides, and oxyhydroxides. 相似文献
17.
At a Cr(VI) contaminated site in Thun, Switzerland, a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) was installed in 2008. Downstream Cr(VI) concentrations did not indicate any sign of its successful operation more than 2 years after PRB installation. The cause for this potential PRB failure was investigated by performing Cr isotope measurements and a multi-tracer experiment. The combination of reactive (Cr isotopes) and non-reactive tracers allowed characterizing the groundwater flow regime in the vicinity of the PRB in detail. In particular, it could be confirmed that most of the Cr(VI) load is currently bypassing the barrier, whereas only a minor Cr(VI) load is flowing through the PRB. Fitting of observed breakthrough curves using a conventional advection dispersion model resulted in average linear flow velocities of 13–15 m/day for the bypassing Cr(VI) load and 4–5 m/day for the Cr(VI) flowing through the barrier. Using a Rayleigh fractionation model a Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of 77–98% was estimated for the Cr(VI) load that is flowing through the barrier. In contrast, a value of 0–23% was estimated for the current overall PRB reduction efficiency. It is concluded that the PRB bypass and the low overall Cr(VI) reduction efficiency are caused by a limited PRB permeability inherited from skin effects that occurred during PRB emplacement. 相似文献
18.
Maria Economou-Eliopoulos Ifigenia Megremi Charalampos Vasilatos 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,(1):39-52
The effective influence of industry or ultramafic rocks by natural processes to soil, plants and groundwater contamination by chromium, which is often a subject of debate, was investigated for the case of the Assopos basin, Greece. The Neogene Assopos basin, is mainly composed by Tertiary and Quaternary sediments of more than 400 m thick and is characterized by brittle type deformation (fault zones, faults). Chromium in soil, ranging from 67 to 204 ppm, is mostly hosted in chromite, Fe-chromite, Cr-bearing goethite and silicates.Special attention was given to the plants, which are a major source of organic matter that serves as the driving force for Cr(VI) reduction. The increase of the Fe, Mn and Ni contents, with the increasing Cr content in the plant-roots, in particular at the external parts of roots and those of bulb-type plants, suggest reduction and immobilization of Cr(VI) and that redox reactions play a significant role to the translocation processes from root to shoot.Groundwater samples from the Assopos aquifer showed a wide spatial variability, ranging from <2 to 180 ppb Crtotal content [almost same to the Cr(VI)-values] despite their spatial association. The presence of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater at depths >200 m is attributed to a direct injection of Cr(VI)-rich industrial wastes at depth rather than that Cr(VI) is derived from the Assopos river or by the interaction between water and Cr-bearing rocks. The heterogeneous distribution of Cr in groundwater may be related with the intense neotectonic deformation, as is exemplified by several sharp tectonic contacts between sediment types, while the Cr content in soil is mostly depend on the transported chromite grains. 相似文献
19.
Geochemistry of natural chromium occurrence in a sandstone aquifer in Bauru Basin, São Paulo State, Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reginaldo Bertolo Christine BourotteRicardo Hirata Leonardo MarcolanOndra Sracek 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(8):1353-1363
Anomalous concentrations of Cr(VI) occur in groundwaters of the Adamantina Aquifer, in a large region in the western state of São Paulo, sometimes exceeding the potability limit (0.05 mg L−1). To identify the possible geochemical reactions responsible for the occurrence of Cr in groundwater in Urânia, borehole rock samples were collected in order to carry out mineralogical and chemical analyses. In addition, multilevel monitoring wells were installed and groundwater samples were analyzed. Analyses of the borehole rock samples show the occurrence of a geochemical anomaly of Cr in the quartzose sandstones (average concentrations of 221 ppm). Chrome-diopside is one of the main minerals contributing to this anomaly, having an average Cr content of 1505 ppm. Sequential extraction experiments indicated weakly adsorbed Cr in the order of 0.54 ppm, and this quantity is enough to provide the Cr concentrations observed in groundwater. Groundwaters from the monitoring wells proved to be stratified, with the highest concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.13 mg L−1) being associated with high redox and pH values (over 10) and high concentrations of Na. Geochemical reactions that may explain the release of Cr from the solid phase to groundwater involve the release of Cr(III) from minerals (like chrome-diopside and Cr-Fe hydroxide), followed by oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), probably related to the reduction of Mn oxides present in the aquifer. Then cation exchange occurs and dissolution of carbonates which increases the pH of groundwater, resulting in the desorption and mobilization of Cr(VI) into groundwater. 相似文献