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1.
本文在综合国内外已测得的多个熔体—溶液体系中39个元素的分配系数的基础上,论述了溶液成分和物理化学条件(T、P、fO_2)对元素分配系数的影响,分析讨论了两类花岗岩的成矿专属性以及不同矿化的矿物包裹体成分、矿物组合和稀土分配特征。  相似文献   

2.
元素性质和熔体成分对分配系数的影响及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对现有40个元素的熔体-溶液分配系数的综合分析表明,元素性质和熔体成分是控制熔体-溶液间元素分配的重要因素。挥发组分的分配系数为K_F、K_P、>1>K_B、K_S>K_(Cl)。自Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、→Fe、Mn、Mg、Li、Rb、Cs、K、Na、Ca、Sr、Ba→Sn、Mo、W、Si、Al、∑Ce、∑Y、Nb、Ta,随元素氧化物吉布斯自由能的减小,元素分配系数逐渐增大。随熔体酸度的降低和碱度的增高,元素分配系数普遍增大。随熔体铝过饱和度的增高,Nb、Ta、Zn、REE的分配系数减小。这些变化规律有助于阐明花岗岩类的成矿专属性和成矿分带,评价火成岩的含矿性,预测未知的元素分配系数,并讨论不同熔体间元素的分配行为。  相似文献   

3.
本文基于前人测得的橄榄石、石榴子石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石和H_2O之间的REE分配系数,讨论了矿物成分、结构和物理化学条件(t、p)对REE分配系数(K_(REE))的影响,提出了预测矿物—溶液间K_(REE)的三条准则,即矿物成分准则、矿物结构准则和溶液成分准则。根据这些准则,本文预测了各种硅酸盐矿物和不同成分溶液(H_2O、Cl~-、F~-、CO_2、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-)之间的K_(REE),并分析了矿物、岩石蚀变过程中REE的活动性和REE的变质热液成矿作用。  相似文献   

4.
干国樑 《地球学报》1993,14(1):115-131
不混溶熔体体系的元素分配系数KiM1-M2,揭示了岩浆不混溶作用过程中元素的行为规律。本文给出了涉及到超基性(U)、基性(B)、中性(M)、酸性(A)、碱性(AK)硅酸盐熔体和硫化物(S)、氧化物(O)、碳酸盐(C)熔体的岩浆不混溶体系的元素分配系数,指出:①自M+(包括Al+3、Si+4)→M+2→M+n(n≥3),元素的KiU-B、KiU-M、KiU-A、KiB-MKiB-A、KiM-A均逐渐增大,由<1→≥1→》1;②M+(包括Al+3、Si+4)的KiU-AKiU-M>KiU-B>1,KiB-A>KiB-M>1,KiU-A>KiB-A>KiM-A>1,KiU-M>KiB-M>1。此外,文中讨论了熔体成分(结构)、元素性质、物理化学条件(T、P、fO2)对KiM1-M2的影响,并从热力学角度解释了为什么在熔体中加入高价阳离子、降低温度、升高压力均能加宽熔体的不混溶区,使KiM1-M2>1的元素分配系数增大,使KiM1-M2<1的元素分配系数减小,而加入低价阳离子、升高温度、降低压力则作用相反。最后,分析了KiM1-M2与矿物-熔体和熔体-溶液间元素分配系数的关系以及熔体不混溶作用在内生成矿中的意义。  相似文献   

5.
张舟 《岩石学报》2023,(1):83-92
地幔硫化物是地球亲硫、亲铁元素的重要载体,与硅酸盐矿物有很大的物理性质上差别,它在高温高压条件下的物理化学性质是认识地幔物质组成及其不均一性的重要内容。此外,早期地球、火星、水星和月球幔部来源的硫化物对认识行星演化具有重要意义。地幔硫化物的存在条件、赋存方式以及元素分配系数受到硫化物和硅酸盐体系的化学平衡控制;硫化物在流体介质和固体介质中的迁移可以分别用斯托克斯方程和表面张力模型进行解释。基于目前的天然样品和实验研究结果,本文提出了地幔硫化物物理化学性质研究中尚存在的问题,并作展望：高温高压实验制约分配系数适用的元素含量远高于天然样品,导致亨利定律并不一定适用,要求开展元素含量更低的实验并进行测试;现有的线性或自然对数的经验方程不能准确描述硫化物-硅酸盐体系,机器学习可能揭示其错综复杂的热力学关系;硫化物熔体在深部地幔硅酸盐矿物表面的分布尚不清楚,对极端条件下的静水压力实验提出了需求。  相似文献   

6.
氧化还原电位与岩浆体系中锡的行为   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了估计岩浆体系的成矿能力和矿质的迁移途径,必须知道熔体结晶和流体分馏过程中戍矿元素(即杂质元素)行为的一般规律。微量组分的存在不会影响体系中所发生的作用,但体系所处的物理化学条件会影响多个相之间和某些相内部微量组分的分配。根据现代硅酸盐熔体结构和硅酸盐混晶理论研究,还不能从理论上计算分配系数,而有(作为天然作用中杂质元素的)成矿元素参加的硅酸盐体系的实验资料极少。  相似文献   

7.
硅酸盐矿物与熔体之间的磷分配系数对研究岩浆演化和结晶分异程度具有重要意义,也是了解地幔磷储库和建立地球各圈层间磷运移模式的基础。本文分析和总结了前人采用天然样品和合成实验样品研究不同硅酸盐矿物和熔体间的磷分配系数的成果,分析了不同物理化学参数对分配系数的影响,包括熔体组成(如Mg O、Al2O3含量)、矿物结构(分配系数与[Si O4]4-聚合度呈负相关关系)、温度、压力和氧逸度等,指出当前研究中有关更高压力条件(15 GPa)及有流体存在时分配系数的研究是不足的。  相似文献   

8.
岩浆热液出溶和演化对斑岩成矿系统金属成矿的制约   总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29  
岩浆热液过渡阶段对于与岩浆热液有关矿床的形成非常重要。以往的研究多侧重于岩浆结晶阶段和低于固相线的热液阶段过程和演化 ,但对于流体从熔体出溶到熔体最后固结过程的理解却很有限。基于流体包裹体冷热台研究、单个流体和熔体包裹体原位无损成分分析技术 ,并结合挥发份和成矿元素在共存相间分配的实验和质量平衡计算模拟 ,岩浆热液出溶和演化对金属成矿制约的研究取得了很大进展。文中从岩浆中挥发份的出溶和演化、成矿元素在岩浆热液过渡体系各相之间的分配、斑岩矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系、浅成热液矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系几个方面进行了阐述。研究表明 :( 1)岩浆熔体不仅含有足够的挥发性组分 ,而且出溶的挥发份能够被圈闭在流体包裹体中而成为岩浆出溶热液的实物证据。 ( 2 )挥发份和成矿元素不仅在岩浆熔体和出溶的溶液间分配 ,还将在熔体与盐水溶液、熔体与气相以及盐水溶液与气相间进行分配。Cu在岩浆蒸气中比在共存的熔体中要富集数百倍 ,而Cu ,As,Au(可能作为HS配合物 )则偏向于分配进入与液体相共存的蒸气相中。 ( 3 )成矿元素在熔体 /溶液间的分配系数受控于熔体中初始水含量与饱和水含量之比值和岩浆熔体与共存出溶水溶液的w(Cl) /w(H2 O)和w(F) /w(Cl)比值。 ( 4 )斑岩  相似文献   

9.
硅酸盐熔体和流体中金的性质及行为研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
岩浆演化过程中岩浆—流体阶段发生的相转变过程控制了元素在两相之间的分配行为。作为与岩浆热液活动有密切成因联系的金矿床,其在硅酸盐熔体和流体中的性状及两相间的分配行为是控制该类矿床成矿的重要物理化学因素。介绍了金在流体、熔体中的性状,论述了其在流体/硅酸盐熔体间的分配行为不仅受温度、压力、氧逸度等物理化学条件的影响,还受流体组分(阴离子、阳离子)、熔体组成(Na2O+K2O/Al2O3,Na/K,SiO2,NBO/T)的制约;最后对目前实验研究存在的问题、改进方法以及今后的研究方向进行了探讨。  相似文献   

10.
本文通过实验研究了Fe－Mg－Ca在橄榄石和熔体之间的分配及交换平衡，且从热力学角度对其结果进行了理论解释。实验结果显示，Fe和Mg在橄榄石和熔体之间的分配系数随温度的升高而减小，而Ca在它们之间的分配不受温度的影响；Fe－Mg、Ca－Mg及Ca－Fe在橄榄石－熔体之间的交换系数随温度的升高而增大；压力（＜o．10GPa）对以上分配及交换系数的影响可忽略不计。理论解释表明，各分配及交换系数亦随馆体中SiO2的活度增大而增大；由于温度、压力和熔体成分三者之间相互关联，Fe－Mg－Ca在橄榄石和熔体之间的分配及交换系数与温度、压力和熔体成分的关系其实是三者作用的综合效应结果；在不同的研究中，温度、压力及格体成分的范围不同，即各因素作用的程度不一致，且温度和压力与熔体成分的关系不一样，它们作用的综合效应也就有了差别。因此，在各研究之间，Fe－Mg－Ca在橄榄石－熔体之间分配和交换系数的大小，以及它们与温度、压力，或熔体成分的关系，即有吻合也有相左。  相似文献   

11.
In an effort to obtain information about mineral/melt trace element partitioning during the high pressure petrogenesis of basic rocks, we determined rare earth and other trace element abundances in megacrysts of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, amphibole, mica, anorthoclase, apatite and zircon, and in their host basalts. In general, the ranges of mineral/melt partition coefficients established from experimental partitioning studies and phenocryst/matrix measurements overlap with the ranges of megacryst/host abundance ratios. Our data for Hf, Sc, Ta and Th partitioning represent some of the only estimates available. Consideration of phase equilibria, major element partitioning and isotopic ratios indicate that most of the pyroxene and amphibole megacrysts may have been in equilibrium with their host magmas at high pressures (mostly 10–25 kb). In contrast, it is unlikely that mica, anorthoclase, apatite and zircon megacrysts formed in equilibrium with their host basalts; instead, we conclude that they were precipitated from more evolved magmas and have been mixed into their present host magmas. Consequently, the trace element abundance ratios for megacryst/host should not be interpreted as partition coefficients, but only as guides for understanding trace element partitioning during high pressure petrogenesis. With this caveat, we conclude that the megacryst/ host trace element abundance data indicate that mineral/melt partition coefficients in basaltic systems during high pressure fractionation are not drastically different from partition coefficients valid for low pressure fractionation.  相似文献   

12.
Low-Ca pyroxenes play an important role in mantle melting, melt-rock reaction, and magma differentiation processes. In order to better understand REE fractionation during adiabatic mantle melting and pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite interaction, we developed a parameterized model for REE partitioning between low-Ca pyroxene and basaltic melts. Our parameterization is based on the lattice strain model and a compilation of published experimental data, supplemented by a new set of trace element partitioning experiments for low-Ca pyroxenes produced by pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite interaction. To test the validity of the assumptions and simplifications used in the model development, we compared model-derived partition coefficients with measured partition coefficients for REE between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in well-equilibrated peridotite xenoliths. REE partition coefficients in low-Ca pyroxene correlate negatively with temperature and positively with both calcium content on the M2 site and aluminum content on the tetrahedral site of pyroxene. The strong competing effect between temperature and major element compositions of low-Ca pyroxene results in very small variations in REE partition coefficients in orthopyroxene during adiabatic mantle melting when diopside is in the residue. REE partition coefficients in orthopyroxene can be treated as constants at a given mantle potential temperature during decompression melting of lherzolite and diopside-bearing harzburgite. In the absence of diopside, partition coefficients of light REE in orthopyroxene vary significantly, and such variations should be taken into consideration in geochemical modeling of REE fractionation in clinopyroxene-free harzburgite. Application of the parameterized model to low-Ca pyroxenes produced by reaction between pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite revealed large variations in the calculated REE partition coefficients in the low-Ca pyroxenes. Temperature and composition of starting pyroxenite must be considered when selecting REE partition coefficients for pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite interaction.  相似文献   

13.
Isobaric and isothermal experiments were performed to investigate the effect of melt composition on the partitioning of trace elements between titanite (CaTiSiO5) and a range of different silicate melts. Titanite-melt partition coefficients for 18 trace elements were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of experimental run products. The partition coefficients for the rare earth elements and for Th, Nb, and Ta reveal a strong influence of melt composition on partition coefficients, whereas partition coefficients for other studied monovalent, divalent and most quadrivalent (i.e., Zr, Hf) cations are not significantly affected by melt composition. The present data show that the influence of melt composition may not be neglected when modelling trace element partitioning.It is argued that it is mainly the change of coordination number and the regularity of the coordination space of trace elements in the melt structure that controls partition coefficients in our experiments. Furthermore, our data also show that the substitution mechanism by which trace elements are incorporated into titanite crystals may be of additional importance in this context.  相似文献   

14.
Element partitioning in metal-light element systems is important to our understanding of planetary differentiation processes. In this study, solid-metal/liquid-sulfide, liquid-metal/liquid-sulfide and solid-metal/troilite partition coefficients (D) were determined for 18 elements (Ag, As, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Ge, Ir, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Mo, Mn, Re, Ru, Se and W) in the graphite-saturated Fe-S-C system at 1 atm. Compared at the same liquid S concentration, the solid/liquid partition coefficients are similar to those in the Fe-S system, but there are systematic differences that appear to be related to interactions with carbon dissolved in the solid metal. Elements previously shown to be “anthracophile” generally have larger solid/liquid partition coefficients in the Fe-S-C system, whereas those that are not have similar or smaller partition coefficients in the Fe-S-C system. The partitioning of trace elements between C-rich and S-rich liquids is, in most cases, broadly similar to the partitioning between solid metal and S-rich liquid. The highly siderophile elements Os, Re, Ir and W are partitioned strongly into the C-rich liquid, with D ? 100. The partition coefficients for Pt, Ge and W decrease significantly at the transition to liquid immiscibility, while the partition coefficient for Mo increases sharply. The bulk siderophile element patterns of ureilite meteorities appear to be better explained by separation of S-rich liquid from residual C-rich metallic liquid at temperatures above the silicate solidus, rather than by separation of S-rich liquid from residual solid metal at lower temperatures.  相似文献   

15.
Plots of partition coefficients versus differences of ionic volumes have been constructed from reported values in olivine-, pyroxene-, hornblende-, biotite-, and plagioclase-groundmass systems. The trend behaviour of partition coefficients as a function of the differences of ionic volumes is largely mineralogically controlled. The slopes of the trend lines can be related to the volume work resulting either from (i) expansion of the host lattice surrounding the substituting ions or (ii) collapse of the surrounding lattice if small ions are incorporated. When the volume work is in the order of the enthalpy of melting, ion selectivity ceases.If melts change from basic to highly acidic the chemical control of element partitioning by complex formation in the fluid phase is recognizable. Mineralogical versus chemical control is discussed by means of the trends of the partition coefficients of REE.The proposed ln D vs. r 3 plots improve the physical interpretation of element partition, delineates methods for interpolation or extrapolation of unknown data. Deviations of extreme data from linear relations demonstrate the constraints of our knowledge on diadochy. Rules of element partition as recently proposed by Philpotts (1978) are critically discussed.  相似文献   

16.
G. Dobosi  G. A. Jenner   《Lithos》1999,46(4):14-749
Clinopyroxene megacrysts in alkali basalts are an important source of information about the evolution of magmatic systems at depth. In this study, we have undertaken a detailed examination of the trace element contents in a suite of megacrysts from 2.5 Ma old alkali basalts in the Nógrád volcanic province of Hungary and Slovakia. The megacrysts range in composition from Mg-rich and in equilibrium with their host magmas, to those that are Fe-rich and must have evolved in more fractionated magmas. The conditions of crystallization of these megacrysts, as calculated from the AlVI/AlIV ratios, suggests they all formed at about 30 km, or the crust–mantle boundary in this area. Using the most magnesian megacrysts and compositions of the host lavas, we have calculated the partition coefficients for a range of trace elements. However, the trace element contents in the megacrysts show a systematic variation with major element composition. Moreover, the rate of increase or change in the trace element concentrations is not consistent with models involving constant or steady state partition coefficients. Using a series of assumptions and models, we hypothesize that the partition coefficients between clinopyroxene and melt change substantially during the magmatic evolution of the system. This change is not constant for each element group, with the high field strength elements showing the most substantial increases. Electrostatic charge balance may have been the most important factor in controlling the mineral/melt partitioning.  相似文献   

17.
Olivine/melt and orthopyroxene/melt rare-earth element (REE) partition coefficients consistent with clinopyroxene/melt partition coefficients were determined indirectly from subsolidus partitioning between olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene after suitable correction for temperature. Heavy- and middle-REE ratios for olivine/clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene pairs correlate negatively with effective cationic radius, whereas those for the light REEs correlate positively with cationic radius, generating a U-shaped pattern in apparent mineral/clinopyroxene partition coefficients versus cationic radius. Lattice strain models of partitioning modified for subsolidus conditions yield negative correlations of olivine/clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene with respect to cationic radii, predicting well the measured partitioning behaviors of the heavy and middle REEs but not that of the light REEs. The light-REE systematics cannot be explained with lattice strain theory and, instead, can be explained by disequilibrium enrichment of the light REEs in melt inclusions or on the rims of olivine and orthopyroxene. Realistic light-REE partition coefficients were thus extrapolated from the measured heavy- and middle-REE partition coefficients using the lattice strain model. Light REE olivine/melt and orthopyroxene/melt partition coefficients calculated in this manner are lower than most published values, but agree reasonably well with partitioning experiments using the most recent in situ analytical techniques (secondary-ionization mass spectrometry and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). These new olivine/melt and orthopyroxene/melt partition coefficients are useful for accurate modeling of the REE contents of clinopyroxene-poor to -free lithologies, such as harzburgitic residues of melting. Finally, the application of the lattice strain theory to subsolidus conditions represents a framework for assessing the degree of REE disequilibrium in a rock.  相似文献   

18.
The classical equations relating the trace element concentrations of the liquid and solid phases coexisting in the simple fractional crystallization of a parental magma have been put in a simple graphical form, which allows rapid analysis of the possible genetic relationships in a given rock suite. The effects of an incomplete separation between the two phases are taken into account. The approach does not require the use of otherwise estimated partition coefficients. Trace element data concerning the minerals of cumulates, where available, may provide an independent estimation of the effective mineral-liquid partition coefficients. With reasonable assumptions, this approach may even be applied to plutonic rocks. Interpretation of the published rare earth element data from the Southern California Batholith by this procedure suggests that a tonalitic parental magma could generate a granodioritic liquid by crystallizing 40–50 wt % of a solid residue of gabbroic composition, in agreement with Larsen's (Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer. 29, 1948) calculations. The calculated mineral-liquid partition coefficients for the REE fall in the range of published phenocryst-groundmass values for acidic volcanic rocks.  相似文献   

19.
Partition coefficients for olivine-melt and orthopyroxene-melt systems   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Thermodynamic analysis shows that olivinemelt and orthopyroxene-melt partition coefficients for many elements should be approximately linear functions of DMg. These simple relationships can be combined with the constraint of mineral stoichiometry to allow the direct calculation of partition coefficients for these elements if the major element chemistry of the melt phase is known. A large dataset of published and unpublished experimental mineral-melt pairs for compositions in the range komatiite to andesite has allowed the determination of the empirical constants required for this calculation. The precision of these parameterisations is demonstrated by comparing the values calculated with those observed. Comparison of phenocryst-matrix partition coefficients with those measured from experimental mineral-melt pairs demonstrates that experimentally determined partition coefficients are equivalent to those in magmatic processes. There are therefore no significant kinetic factors precluding magmatic partitioning being reproduced on an experimental timescale. The model provides a set of simple tests for equilibrium and enables the chemical evolution of a magma fractionating olivine or orthopyroxene to be modelled. An empirical equation for distinguishing orthopyroxene from other low-Ca pyroxenes in chemical analyses of experimental runs is also presented.  相似文献   

20.
The occurrence of CO2-rich lavas (carbonatites, kimberlites) and carbonate-rich xenoliths provide evidence for the existence of carbonatitic melts in the mantle. To model the chemical composition of such melts in the deep mantle, we experimentally determined partition coefficients for 23 trace elements (including REE, U-Th, HFSE, LILE) between deep mantle minerals and carbonatite liquids at 20 and 25 GPa and 1600 °C. Under these conditions, majoritic garnet and CaSiO3 perovskite are the main reservoirs for trace elements. This study used both femtosecond LA-ICP-MS and SIMS techniques to measure reliable trace element concentrations. Comparison of the two techniques shows a general agreement, except for Sc and Ba. Our experimentally determined partition coefficients are consistent with the lattice strain model. The data suggest an effect of melt structure on partition coefficients in this pressure range. For instance, strain-free partition coefficient (D0) for majorite-carbonatite melts do not follow the order of cation valence, , observed for majorite-CO2-free silicate melts. The newly determined partition coefficients were combined with trace element composition of majoritic garnets found as inclusions in diamond to model trace element patterns of deep-seated carbonatites. The result compares favorably with natural carbonatites. This suggests that carbonatites can originate from the mantle transition zone.  相似文献   

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