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1.
气候变化下淮河流域极端洪水情景预估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用IPCC第4次评估公开发布的22个全球气候模式在A1B、A2和B1三种典型排放情景下的未来气温和降水预测结果,结合新安江月分布式水文模型,在对模型验证效果良好的基础上,参照集合预报方法,对未来90年(2010～2099年)气候变化下淮河流域的极端洪水进行预估。研究结果表明,从出现概率来看,淮河流域未来可能发生极端洪水年份的密集程度从大到小依次为A2情景、A1B情景、B1情景。A1B情景下,21世纪下半叶出现极端洪水的可能性增大,A2情景在2035～2065年以及2085年以后是极端洪水发生较为集中的时期。B1情景在21世纪70年代左右发生极端洪水的可能性较大。综合各种极端事件的定义方法,将极端洪水划定3个洪水量级。A2情景预估极端洪水的平均洪量在3种情景中最大,B1情景最小。3种情景未来一级极端洪水发生比例都比历史上偏大,A2情景下增加最多。二级极端洪水都较历史略有减少,三级极端洪水减少最显著。3种情景下各个量级极端洪水所占比例各不相同,A1B和A2情景二级以上极端洪水出现比例较大,B1情景下极端洪水量级多为三级,超1954年的一级极端洪水所占比例较小。 相似文献
2.
广东省近50年极端降水事件的时空特征及成因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用广东省境内25个测站1961~2010年逐日降水资料,综合运用Mann-Kendall检验、正交分解函数和Morlet小波分析等方法,剖析了广东省极端降水的空间结构分布与时间变化特征,并从水汽辐合的角度解释了极端降水的时空特征。结果表明:全省极端降水事件的总量、频次、强度空间分布差异较大,从北到南,极端降水总量和强度增加,频次减少;全省大部分区域极端降水总量和频次都有增加的趋势;广东省极端降水受大尺度天气系统的影响,存在全区一致的多雨或少雨,但也存在东西、四周、中心以及南北的差异;极端降水空间异常可分为4个气候区(异常型),即粤东北区,粤西区,粤中部区以及粤东沿海区,各降水异常区存在20a左右的长周期、10a左右较长周期的和3~4a的短周期振荡;广东省极端降水与极端水汽辐合对应关系较好,区域内水汽辐合的改变可能是影响广东省极端降水变化的重要气候因子。 相似文献
3.
青藏高原土壤中链霉菌的分离鉴定及其抗菌活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对从青藏高原采集的土壤样品中的链霉菌进行了分离鉴定,并对其抗菌活性进行了研究. 结果表明：11份土样中分离出菌落形态特征明显不同的链霉菌相似菌株151株,对其中43株进行了16S rDNA测序分析,41株菌株与已知链霉菌的相似性在99%以上,确定为链霉菌属（Streptomyces）菌种,而菌株WDL-DM-5和TTH-DM-1与已知链霉菌的序列相似性分别为90.76%和95%. 抗菌试验表明,68株链霉菌对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌有抗性,其中41株菌对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌都有明显拮抗性,表明青藏高原土壤中存在强拮抗性的链霉菌. 相似文献
4.
为了更好的发挥微生物在放射性污染环境中的环境净化作用,本研究选择川西北某铀矿区为研究对象,利用生物学方法研究其中两个代表性铀废矿石堆中的微生物多样性及其在放射性污染环境中的分布规律。结果表明:在该铀矿区中主要赋存着细菌、放线菌及霉菌三种菌,其中以细菌占绝对优势;对优势微生物——细菌分离鉴定获得3种优势菌株,鉴定结果为玫瑰色库克菌(Kocuria rosea strain)、短杆菌(Brevibacteriumsanguinis)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subilis/atropheaus),研究认为玫瑰色库克菌(Kocuria rosea strain)在当地的放射性核素耐受性最好。 相似文献
5.
利用铝硅酸盐矿物为能源的硅酸盐细菌选择性分离培养基,对从鄱阳湖地区不同性质土壤中筛选出了 18 株拟溶硅菌 种进行实验。通过对其产酸、产多糖、形成细菌-矿物复合体与溶硅能力的测定,定向筛选出P04与P17两株环状芽孢杆菌, 并以中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心环状芽孢杆菌 CGMCC1.0153(编号为 P19)(Bacillus circulans)为参照菌株,对其表型形态、 生理生化特性及脱硅效果进行了研究。结果表明:与其它菌种比较,这两株菌种具有较强的产酸、产多糖与溶硅能力,在 培养基中能形成明显的细菌-矿物复合体;通过与模式菌株的表型形态与生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因鉴定结果比较,可 认为 P04 与 P17 是环状芽孢杆菌;在实验条件下,P04,P17 与 P19 对铝土矿均有一定的脱硅能力,浸矿 12d 后,浸出上清液 中SiO2最大含量分别为54.26,42.78,47.98 mg/L,铝土矿的A/S从浸出前的5.17分别提高到10.99,7.61和8.90。表明具有 较强产酸、产多糖能力并能形成明显细菌 - 矿物复合体的环状芽孢杆菌的脱硅能力较强。 相似文献
6.
7.
探讨活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在温石棉激活线粒体通路诱导A549凋亡中的作用。采用不同浓度温石棉粉尘染毒人肺上皮细胞(A549)后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)预处理前后的细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位,Western Blot法检测各组细胞半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、p53蛋白表达水平。实验结果显示,温石棉可降低A549细胞存活率,呈现时间-剂量效应关系;NAC可显著减少胞内ROS水平、阻止线粒体膜电位下降,并下调caspase-3、p53蛋白的表达水平,抑制部分细胞凋亡的发生。表明ROS可通过诱导p53蛋白过表达,激活线粒体凋亡通路,诱导A549细胞发生凋亡。 相似文献
8.
为了掌握亚热带季风气候岩溶地区流域水化学变化特征及量化流域内岩石化学风化过程对吸收大气CO2的贡献,文章选取湘西峒河流域作为研究对象,于2016年7—8月对研究区干流和7个子流域进行了水样采集与分析。结果表明:河水pH平均值为8.31,总体呈偏碱性。EC与TDS的变化范围较大,这主要与流域内岩性的分布有关。水中离子以Ca2+、HCO-3为主,水化学类型为HCO3—Ca型,岩性控制水化学的组成。HCO-3、Ca2+和Mg2+主要来源于碳酸盐岩的风化,其余离子来源多受人为活动影响。峒河流域干流的主要离子中,HCO-3、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度从上游至下游总体下降,反映了河流从碳酸盐岩区流向碎屑岩为主地层的过程。NO-3、K+、Na+、F-、Cl-和SO2-4呈增长趋势,说明峒河受人为污染影响较大,反映出人为活动的密集程度。通过子流域的划分可知流域上游主要受灰岩以及白云岩控制,中游以灰岩控制为主,下游受砂岩、泥岩及碎屑岩控制为主。收集流域最终出口吉首观测站一个水文年的数据并运用水化学—径流法估算出峒河流域无机碳通量为60 477.33 tCO2/a,碳汇强度为71.15 tCO2/（km2·a）。 相似文献
9.
为优化黄河中下游水库群运行方式,充分发挥水库群-河道联合调控水沙的优势和潜力,以黄河中下游水库群和河道为研究对象,研究水库群-河道水沙联合动态调控方法,构建水库群-河道水沙联合动态调控互馈指标、互馈模式、调控原则和调控方式,研发水库群-河道水沙联合动态调控模拟模型,分析黄河中下游现状工程调控效果。结果表明,未来黄河来沙量8亿~3亿t情景下,水库群-河道水沙联合动态调控方法综合兼顾水库和河道减淤,可延长水库拦沙年限4~9 a,在较长时期内改善进入下游的水沙关系协调度,下游河道总淤积量较少,河槽最小平滩流量增大200~250 m3/s。 相似文献
10.
依据祖厉河流域上下游(会宁、靖远站) 2个水质监测断面2008-2017年的地表水水质监测数据,采用层次分析法研究各指标,应用模糊综合评价法对流域水质进行综合评价。采用Tennant法、近10年最枯月流量法、90%保证率最枯月流量法、月年保证率设定法分别计算了流域内2个断面的生态环境需水量。结果表明:(1)祖厉河流域上下游水质评价标准隶属度分别为0.954(汛期0.967)、0.706(汛期0.546),均属于Ⅴ类水质。(2)上游会宁站生态环境需水量为0.039 m3/s,下游靖远站生态环境需水量为0.413 m3/s,满足多年平均流量的10%以上。 相似文献
11.
Fabric development during shear deformation in the Main Central Thrust Zone, NW-Himalaya, India 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Quartz microfabrics and associated microstructures have been studied on a crustal shear zone—the Main Central Thrust (MCT) of the Himalaya. Sampling has been done along six traverses across the MCT zone in the Kumaun and Garhwal sectors of the Indian Himalaya. The MCT is a moderately north-dipping shear zone formed as a result of the southward emplacement of a part of the deeply rooted crust (that now constitutes the Central Crystalline Zone of the Higher Himalaya) over the less metamorphosed sedimentary belt of the Lesser Himalaya. On the basis of quartz c- and a-axis fabric patterns, supported by the relevant microstructures within the MCT zone, two major kinematic domains have been distinguished. A noncoaxial deformation domain is indicated by the intensely deformed rocks in the vicinity of the MCT plane. This domain includes ductilely deformed and fine-grained mylonitic rocks which contain a strong stretching lineation and are composed of low-grade mineral assemblages (muscovite, chlorite and quartz). These rocks are characterized by highly asymmetric structures/microstructures and quartz c- and a-axis fabrics that indicate a top-to-the-south sense that is compatible with south-directed thrusting for the MCT zone. An apparently coaxial deformation domain, on the other hand, is indicated by the rocks occurring in a rather narrow belt fringing, and structurally above, the noncoaxial deformation domain. The rocks are highly feldspathic and coarse-grained gneisses and do not possess any common lineation trend and the effects of simple shear deformation are weak. The quartz c-axis fabrics are symmetrical with respect to foliation and lineation. Moreover, these rocks contain conjugate and mutually interfering shear bands, feldspar/quartz porphyroclasts with long axes parallel to the macrosopic foliation and the related structures/microstructures, suggesting deformation under an approximate coaxial strain path.On moving towards the MCT, the quartz c- and a-axis fabrics become progressively stronger. The c-axis fabric gradually changes from random to orthorhombic and then to monoclinic. In addition, the coaxial strain path gradually changes to the noncoaxial strain path. All this progressive evolution of quartz fabrics suggests more activation of the basal, rhomb and a slip systems at all structural levels across the MCT. 相似文献
12.
Nadia Curetti Davide Levy Alessandro Pavese Gabriella Ivaldi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,32(10):670-678
The elastic properties of coexisting natural 3T and 2M
1 phengite samples (Cima Pal, Sesia Zone; Val Savenca; Western Alps, Italy) with similar chemical compositions have been studied by room temperature–high pressure powder diffraction, using synchrotron radiation on the ID9A beam-line at ESRF (Grenoble, France). The P–V curves have been modelled by the Birch–Murnaghan model; a third-order expansion fitted to the experimental data yields for 3T and 2M
1 K
0=60.4(±0.7) GPa, K′=5.79(±0.11) at V
0=703.8851 Å3, and K
0=57.3(±1.0) GPa, K′=6.97(±0.24) at V
0=938.8815 Å3, respectively. The relative stability of 3T vs. 2M
1 has been explored as a function of pressure and temperature in terms of configuration and deformation contributions to the Gibbs energy, using the elastic properties determined here and other thermodynamic parameters from earlier investigations. The results presented agree with the hypothesis of stability of the 3T polytype in the high pressure regime. 相似文献
13.
A. Joshi 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):1-22
The central gap region of Himalaya, which lies in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, is exposed to great seismic
hazard. A three-dimensional attenuation structure (Q) of this region is obtained using the intensity data of four earthquakes (M 4.3–7.0) in the central Himalayan gap region and the damped least square inversion scheme. The technique is based on that
given by Hashida and Shimazaki (J Phys Earth 32:299–316, 1984). The obtained Q structure explains the spatial distribution of isoseismals of the stronger earthquakes, which occurred in the recent past.
The study area covers the Tehri town, which is the locale of one of the biggest earth fill dams of height 260 m. The spatial
distribution of Q suggests that the Tehri town area is surrounded by lower Q medium, and hence any large earthquake in Tehri will pose great seismic hazard. 相似文献
14.
Seasonal variations in foliar stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii and correlations of foliar Δ with N, P, and K concentrations were studied under different planting regimes at the southeastern margin of China’s Tengger Desert. Foliar Δ, N, P, and K concentrations and the correlations of Δ with N, P, and K differed between the species and planting regimes. Foliar Δ, P and K concentrations in A. ordosica were markedly higher than in C. korshinskii, while foliar N concentrations in C. korshinskii was significantly higher than in A. ordosica. There were no significant differences in N, P, and K concentrations in C. korshinskii between planting regimes, but foliar Δ was significantly increased after June in mixed-species planting. In A. ordosica foliar N concentrations in mixed-species planting and foliar Δ in single-species planting were significantly higher than those of corresponding planting regimes. According to water-use efficiency (WUE) calculated based on foliar Δ, and on N, P, and K concentrations, C. korshinskii’s survival may profit from its higher WUE, whereas A. ordosica can avoid drought damage by its higher P and K concentrations in leaves in arid or semi-arid environments. The complex correlations of foliar Δ with foliar N, P and K suggested that water in C. korshinskii and water and P nutrition in A. ordosica were the key factors limiting their growth. 相似文献
15.
The main purpose of the paper is to present a relatively simple, yet realistic, constitutive model for simulations of structured sensitive clays. The proposed constitutive model can simulate 1‐D and isotropic consolidation, and drained and undrained shear response of sensitive structured clay. The proposed sensitive bounding surface model is based on concepts from the modified Cam clay model 8 and bounding surface plasticity 27 , with the addition of a simple degradation law. The key material parameters are M, λ, κ, and ν from the modified Cam clay framework, h from the bounding surface framework to model a smoothed elasto‐plastic transition, and ωv, ωq, and Ssr to model softening associated with destructuration. The model has separate parameters to model destructuration caused by volumetric strain and deviatoric strain. The model is capable of modeling unusual behavior of strain softening during 1‐D compression (i.e., a reduction of effective stress as void ratio decreases). A good match between test results and the model simulation is demonstrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
17.
Chemical components such as SiO
2,TiO
2,MnO, P
2
O
5,and especially Fe
2
O
3
of the iron ores of Bicholim Mine, Northern Goa, have been determined for lateral and vertical sections of the mine at equal intervals of 3 and 1 m, respectively, so as to form the spatial (time) series. Univariate stationary models of the type Autoregressive moving average—ARMA (p, q)—were established for each series on the basis of statistical analyses of their auto (acf) and partial auto (pacf) correlation functions. These models were used for forecasting assay values at different lead distances from any pivot. Principles of parsimony simplified all of the candidate ARMA (p, q) models to pure AR (p) models, and the univariate forecasts were significantly improved by multivariate stochastic forecasts. 相似文献
18.
19.
Nazire
zgen-Erdem Mehmet Akyaz&#x; Asl&#x; Karabaolu 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):911-927
The Ilerdian–Middle Cuisian sedimentary succession of the Seyitgazi region, southern Eskişehir (Central Anatolia, Turkey) is composed of claystones, limestones and clayey limestones. It contains abundant benthic foraminifera, particularly species of Alveolina. From this succession, 28 species of Alveolina d’Orbigny are described and their comparative stratigraphic distribution with the Alveolina species in the Tethyan Eocene is documented. Generally, Ilerdian–Cuisian Alveolina assemblages of the Seyitgazi region have close affinities with coeval Alveolina assemblages described in different studies from the Tethyan Province. The Ilerdian unit of the study area is characterized by Alveolina species such as Glomalveolina lepidula, Glomalveolina minutula, G. karsica, Alveolina vredenburgi, A. ellipsoidalis, A. avellana, A. aff. minervensis, A. dedolia, A. moussoulensis, A. subpyrenaica, A. laxa, A. aragonensis, A. varians, A. ilerdensis, A. trempina, A. citrea, A. pisella and A. decipiens. Likewise, the Early Middle Cuisian unit is represented by G. minutula, A. oblonga, A. schwageri, A. haymanensis, A. canavarii, A. aff. coudurensis, A. ruetimeyeri, A. muscatensis, A. cremae, A. bayburtensis and A. lehneri. 相似文献
20.
The high-pressure behavior of -Fe2O3 has been studied under static compression up to 60 GPa, using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Synchrotron-based angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction shows that the sample remains in the corundum structure up to 50 GPa, but with the appearance of coexisting diffraction lines from a high-pressure phase at pressures above 45 GPa. A least-squares fit of low-pressure phase data to an Eulerian finite-strain equation of state yields linear incompressibilities of K
a
0=749.5 (± 18.4) GPa and K
c
0= 455.7 (± 21.4) GPa, differing by a factor of 1.6 along the two directions. The enhanced compressibility of the c axis may lead to breaking of vertex- or edge-sharing bonds between octahedra, inducing the high-pressure phase transformation at 50 GPa. Analysis of linear compressibilities suggests that the high-pressure phase above 50 GPa is of the Rh2O3 (II) structure. Continuous laser heating reveals a new structural phase transformation of -Fe2O3 at 22 GPa, to an orthorhombic structure with a=7.305(3) Å, b=7.850(3) Å, and c=12.877(14) Å, different from the Rh2O3 (II) structure. 相似文献