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1.
西藏多不杂超大型富金斑岩铜矿的蚀变-矿化特征及高氧化成矿流体初步研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
多不杂富金斑岩铜矿位于斑公湖-怒江缝合带北侧的铁格山岩浆弧中。具O型埃达克岩特征的闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩侵位于中侏罗统雁石坪群中。岩体内及其围岩中蚀变强烈，分带明显，各种细脉、细网脉特别发育，矿化为细脉-浸染状，含矿斑岩全岩矿化，少量矿化产于围岩中，矿化为铜-金组合。发育丰富的热液磁铁矿、赤铁矿、金红石等，铜、金沉淀与热液磁铁矿的形成关系密切；矿石矿物总体上为黄铜矿>斑铜矿>黄铁矿，黄铁矿很少，矿区内还发育丰富的石膏脉，说明母岩浆是高氧化性的。流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温结果显示高温阶段气相和含子矿物包裹体普遍共存，中高温阶段液相和气相包裹体共存，暗示流体沸腾可能是主要的成矿机制，成矿流体是直接从岩浆熔体中出溶（600~900°C）的具高氧化性、（超）高盐度的富含Cu、Au、S元素的岩浆流体。成岩成矿时代为早白垩世，系古特提斯洋闭合俯冲增生阶段的产物。 相似文献
2.
西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿床高温高盐度流体包裹体及其成因意义 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
多不杂铜矿为班公湖—怒江缝合带上发现的第一处大型斑岩铜矿床,矿床位于羌塘—三江复合板片南缘的多不杂构造岩浆带中。多不杂斑岩铜矿总体上具有典型的斑岩铜矿矿石特征和蚀变分带特点,围绕斑岩体从岩体中心向外,可以划分出三个主要的蚀变带,依次为钾硅化 绢英岩化带、绢英岩化带和黄铁矿化—角岩化带。矿床以岩体内部和外部均发育强烈的磁铁矿化蚀变、而外围青磐岩化带不发育等特征有别于国内其他斑岩铜矿。对斑岩铜矿的流体包裹体特征和均一测温结果表明斑岩铜矿石英含有丰富的流体包裹体,包裹体类型众多,而以大量发育含子矿物多相包裹体为突出特征。子矿物种类有石盐、钾盐、赤铁矿、红钾铁盐、石膏、黄铜矿等,有时一个包裹体含有多达5~6个子矿物,在我国其他斑岩铜矿中是不多见的。金属子矿物大量发育表明流体成矿金属元素含量很高。成矿流体由来自岩浆的高温、高盐度流体和以天水成因为主的中低温、低盐度流体两个流体端员组份组成。高温、高盐度流体为主要成矿流体,以含子矿物多相流体包裹体为代表,其形成温度>450℃,盐度在28%~83%NaClequ.,平均达到58%~60%NaClequ.,流体组分主要属于H2O-NaCl-KCl-FeCl2体系。高温高盐度流体是在浅成条件下于岩浆结晶的最后阶段从浅部岩浆中直接出溶形成的。中低温、低盐度流体主要来源于天水或天水与晚期岩浆热液的混合,温度在360℃以下,盐度3.71%~14.15%NaClequ.。含矿硫化物主要在300~420℃温度区间沉淀,沉淀富集主要与温度降低有关,多不杂斑岩铜矿为与浅成斑岩体侵入有关的高温岩浆热液型斑岩铜矿。与世界上其他斑岩铜矿相比,多不杂斑岩铜矿具有与Bingham和Grasberg等世界级超大型斑岩铜矿相似的流体包裹体和蚀变分带特征,暗示该矿床具备形成超大型斑岩铜矿的潜力。 相似文献
3.
桂花冲铜矿床是铜陵矿集区沙滩脚矿田内新发现的一个以斑岩型矿化为主的矽卡岩-斑岩复合型铜矿床。文章对该矿床的矿床地质和斑岩型矿化成矿流体进行了初步研究,旨在查明该矿床成矿流体的演化过程。根据脉体的穿切关系及矿物共生组合,桂花冲铜矿斑岩型矿化成矿过程可划分为钾化、硅化、石英黄铁矿、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐5个阶段。硅化阶段主要发育纯气体、含子矿物及富气相包裹体,石英黄铁矿阶段主要发育纯气体、富液相、富气相及含子矿物包裹体,石英多金属硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段主要发育富液相包裹体。从硅化阶段至碳酸盐阶段,成矿流体由高温(472.9℃)、高盐度(47.7%~74.0%)的岩浆热液逐渐向中低温(140.2~280.3℃)、低盐度(1.6%~7.7%)的岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体演化,成矿过程中流体经历了沸腾及混合作用,混合作用是导致铜沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
4.
藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿床多期流体演化与成矿的流体包裹体证据 总被引：6，自引：9，他引：6
通过对王龙斑岩铜矿石英斑晶、辉钼矿石英脉中流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体显微测温分析、包裹体成分的激光拉曼探针分析及包裹体中子矿物的扫描电镜/能谱分析,发现矿化斑岩石英斑晶中发育多期流体包裹体。斑晶中除流体包裹体外尚可见少量熔体包裹体,与斑岩期矿化有关的成矿流体以中高温(200～537℃)、高盐度(29.6～44.7 wt%NaCleq)为特征,与粘土化蚀变有关的流体包裹体以低温、富 Ca 为特征,不同气相充填度的气液两相包裹体与高盐度含子矿物多相包裹体共存,且具有相似的均一温度,显示不混溶流体包裹体特征。温度、压力降低引起的流体不混溶是造成斑岩型矿化矿质沉淀的主要因素,斑岩期流体与浅成低温热液期流体形成于统一的流体系统,为同源演化结果。 相似文献
5.
永平铜多金属矿床位于华南地区十杭裂谷带南侧,是一个与晚侏罗世二长花岗斑岩侵入体有关的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床。矿区存在斑岩型钼矿和矽卡岩型铜矿两种矿化类型。其中,斑岩型钼矿含矿石英脉中主要发育I型气液两相包裹体、II型CO_2三相包裹体和III型含子矿物多相包裹体,早期石英-硫化物阶段流体包裹体的形成温度介于202~359℃之间,盐度介于4.62~36.68 wt%NaCl之间;晚期石英-碳酸盐-硫化物阶段均一温度介于211~318℃之间,盐度范围为2.07~11.47 wt%NaCl。矽卡岩铜矿主要发育I型气液两相包裹体,早期矽卡岩阶段均一温度达到406~486℃,盐度为9.21~9.89 wt%NaCl;石英-硫化物阶段均一温度介于137~335℃之间,盐度值范围为4.98~13.20 wt%NaCl;晚期碳酸盐阶段包裹体均一温度只有89~151℃,盐度范围介于2.07~19.13 wt%NaCl之间。激光拉曼结果显示两者流体包裹体中具有相似的气相成分,都以CO_2和H_2O为主,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系。含Mo成矿流体中存在CH_4,具有低氧逸度特征,在流体演化早期形成Mo矿化中心,石英-硫化物阶段含Mo流体相对于含Cu流体具有更高的温度和压力。矿石中金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值变化于–0.2‰~+1.9‰之间,这表明成矿物质硫源主要来自深源岩浆。结合地质特征,认为该矿床是与晚侏罗世花岗质岩浆密切相关的斑岩钼-矽卡岩铜矿床,铜和钼矿化存在分带现象,岩浆系统的中心部位具有斑岩型钼矿化,外围及和碳酸盐岩的接触带形成斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钨铅锌矿化。 相似文献
6.
滇西北雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿流体包裹体初步研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
雪鸡坪中型斑岩铜矿床位于三江地区义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧,成矿斑岩为石英闪长玢岩和石英二长斑岩,属于印支期产物。含矿岩体蚀变分带明显,由中心向外发育强硅化带→石英绢云母化带→粘土化-石英绢云母化带→青磐岩化带,工业矿体赋存于斑岩体中心强硅化和石英绢云母化带内。矿化类型以网脉状矿化为主,细脉浸染状矿化不发育。本文对主要矿化阶段石英脉中的流体包裹体系统进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和激光拉曼谱学研究,发现与成矿有关的流体包裹体可以分为水溶液包裹体、CO2包裹体和含子矿物包裹体3类,子矿物主要为石盐、方解石、赤铁矿和少量CaCl2水合物及不透明硫化物。其中含子矿物包裹体均一温度为230～420℃,盐度为33．48％～75．40％NaCl equiv．,密度为1．01～1．09g／cm^3。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,包裹体的液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分为H2O和CO2。早期水溶液包裹体和CO2包裹体共生,其均一温度相近,以及纯CO2包裹体的发现,指示成矿流体存在不混溶现象,这种不混溶是由原始岩浆流体“二次沸腾”作用产生的。CO2相分离、温压条件降低和pH值升高是雪鸡坪斑岩铜矿硫化物沉淀的主要原因。晚期低温、低盐度的流体可能来源于大气降水与岩浆流体的混和,对矿化的意义不大。 相似文献
7.
斑岩铜矿是主要的铜资源,是矿床研究和勘查的重要目标。斑岩铜矿按其与板块构造的关系可分为2种:俯冲带斑岩铜矿和碰撞造山带斑岩铜矿,它们在成矿流体方面有很多区别,其中较大的差别是碰撞造山带斑岩铜矿的钾化蚀变带比俯冲带斑岩铜矿的钾化蚀变带强得多,且范围也相对较宽。文章简述了这2种斑岩矿床的主要地质特征,着重从流体包裹体、蚀变作用和稳定同位素研究来探讨斑铜矿床成矿流体的主要特征,包括成矿流体的成分、形成温度和压力,氢、氧、碳和硫稳定同位素组成。这两种类型的斑岩铜矿中主要发育5种包裹体:M熔体包裹体;Ⅰ液体包裹体;Ⅱ气体包裹体;Ⅲ含子矿物的多相包裹体和CO2_H2O包裹体。Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类包裹体常共存,且均一温度相似,表明成矿流体经历了不混溶和沸腾作用。在Ⅲ类含子矿物的包裹体中发现了含金属硫化物(黄铜矿、黄铁矿)和氧化物(赤铁矿、磁铁矿)子矿物。在斑岩金矿和碰撞造山带的斑岩铜矿中出现CO2_H2O包裹体,在斑岩的斑晶和一些早期石英脉的石英中可见到熔体包裹体以及熔体_流体包裹体,它们代表斑岩岩浆的样品,说明斑岩铜矿的形成经历了岩浆和热液阶段。最近的研究表明,斑岩铜矿的初始流体是中等盐度和密度的岩浆流体。这种流体在上升过程中因压力释放而发生沸腾,形成气体包裹体和含子矿物的高盐度包裹体。 相似文献
8.
福建紫金山金铜矿明矾石的流体包裹体特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
福建紫金山金铜矿位于紫金山矿田中部,受火山机构控制,其矿化特征是脉状隐爆角砾岩发育及蚀变分带明显且严格控制相应的矿化。以隐爆角砾岩脉为中心,从内向外,从上到下,依次为硅化带、明矾石化带、地开石化带、绢英岩化带。硅化带控制着上部金矿体,明矾石化带控制着下部高硫化型铜矿体。明矾石可分为4种产出类型,分别为蚀变岩型明矾石、与铜-硫化物共生的明矾石、脉状明矾石和粉末状明矾石。流体包裹体显微测温结果表明：(1)明矾石中的流体包裹体主要为气-液两相包裹体,流体属于NaCl-H2O体系;(2)成矿流体密度为0.5～1 g/cm3,均一温度集中在200～360 ℃,盐度小于20%,属于中低温、中低盐度体系;(3)从蚀变岩型、与铜-硫化物共生型、脉状明矾石到粉末状明矾石,其包裹体均一温度、盐度有逐渐降低的趋势;(4)成矿压力多集中在40×105～160×105 Pa,估算其深度为500～1 600 m;(5)成矿流体以岩浆水为主,后期有大气降水的加入,成矿过程中发生过沸腾和不混溶作用。 相似文献
9.
西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带驱龙铜矿成矿流体特征及其演化 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
驱龙铜矿是西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段典型的斑岩型铜矿床.流体包裹体研究显示,与成矿有关的包裹体主要分为液相包裹体、气相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体3类,它们的均一温度为190℃～510℃;盐度为0.5～52.5 wt%NaCleq.激光拉曼显微探针(LRM)分析表明,各类包裹体中气、液相成分以H2O为主.含子矿物多相包裹体与不同气相充填度的液相包裹体、气相包裹体共存,且均一温度相近,但盐度相差很大,表明成矿流体经历了沸腾作用.从蚀变矿物组合、流体包裹体显微测温分析及LRM分析可以看出,驱龙斑岩铜矿床成矿流体富含Cl-、SO2-4、Na 、K 、Ca2 、CO2-3,具有较高盐度和较强的Cu溶解能力. 相似文献
10.
黑龙江省多宝山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床成矿流体特征及演化 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
黑龙江省多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床位于小兴安岭西北部,是中亚-兴蒙造山带北东段最大的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床,矿体产于加里东期花岗闪长岩和中奥陶世多宝山组安山岩、凝灰岩中。铜矿化与绢英岩化关系密切,而钼矿化主要产于钾硅化带中。矿区内脉体广泛发育,从早到晚依次为:石英+钾长石脉、早阶段石英+辉钼矿脉、晚阶段石英+辉钼矿脉、石英+黄铜矿+黄铁矿脉、石英+黄铁矿脉和方解石+石英脉。脉石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,包括气液两相水溶液包裹体(W型)、纯气相包裹体(G型)、含CO2三相包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型)。石英+钾长石脉中仅发育气液两相包裹体,均一温度峰值﹥550℃、盐度为16.2%～18.1%NaCleqv;早阶段石英+辉钼矿脉中发育大量气液两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体,并见少量含CO2三相包裹体,均一温度集中在350～450℃、盐度变化于1.1%～﹥65.3%NaCleqv;晚阶段石英+辉钼矿脉体发育大量含CO2三相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体,另有少量气液两相包裹体,均一温度集中在270～350℃、盐度为0.8%～42.4%NaCleqv;石英+黄铜矿+黄铁矿脉中发育丰富的气液两相包裹体,见少量含子矿物多相包裹体、含CO2三相包裹体和纯气相包裹体,均一温度峰值在230～330℃、盐度为0.8%～42.4%NaCleqv;石英+黄铁矿脉和方解石+石英脉中仅发育气液两相包裹体,均一温度变化于110～200℃、盐度为3.9%～8.4%NaCleqv。成矿流体在古深度4.1km左右,温度在230～450℃之间、压力在10～41MPa之间,发生了强烈的流体沸腾作用,大量CO2等气体从流体中释放出来,黄铜矿、斑铜矿和辉钼矿等巨量沉淀下来,形成了铜(钼)矿体。成矿流体总体上属H2O-CO2-NaCl体系,多期次的流体沸腾作用是该矿床的主要成矿机制。 相似文献
11.
Reconciling fluid inclusion types,fluid processes,and fluid sources in skarns: an example from the Bismark Deposit,Mexico 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Bismark deposit (8.5 Mt at 8% Zn, 0.5% Pb, 0.2% Cu, and 50 g/t Ag) located in northern Mexico is an example of a stock-contact skarn end member of a continuum of deposit types collectively called high-temperature, carbonate-replacement deposits. The deposit is hosted by massive sulfide within altered limestone adjacent to the Bismark quartz monzonite stock (~42 Ma) and the Bismark fault. Alteration concurrently developed in both the intrusion and limestone. The former contains early potassic alteration comprising K-feldspar and biotite, which was overprinted by kaolinite-rich veins and alteration and later quartz, sericite, and pyrite with minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Prograde exoskarn alteration in the limestone consists of green andradite and diopside, and transitional skarn comprising red-brown andradite, green hedenbergite and minor vesuvinite, calcite, fluorite, and quartz. The main ore stage post-dates calc-silicate minerals and comprises sphalerite and galena with gangue pyrite, pyrrhotite, calcite, fluorite, and quartz. The entire hydrothermal system developed synchronously with faulting. Fluid inclusion studies reveal several distinct temporal, compositional, and thermal populations in pre-, syn- and post-ore quartz, fluorite, and calcite. The earliest primary fluid inclusions are coexisting vapor-rich (type 2A) and halite-bearing (type 3A; type 3B contain sylvite) brine inclusions (32 to >60 total wt% salts) that occur in pre-ore fluorite. Trapping temperatures are estimated to have been in excess of 400 °C under lithostatic pressures of ~450 bar (~1.5 km depth). Primary fluid inclusions trapped in syn-ore quartz display critical to near critical behavior (type 1C), have moderate salinity (8.4 to 10.9 wt% NaCl equiv.) and homogenization temperatures (Th) ranging from 351 to 438 °C. Liquid-rich type 1A and 1B (calcite-bearing) inclusions occur as primary to secondary inclusions predominantly in fluorite and show a range in Th (104–336 °C) and salinity (2.7–11.8 wt% NaCl equiv.), which at the higher Th and salinity ranges overlap with type 1C inclusions. Oxygen isotope analysis was carried out on garnet, quartz, and calcite (plus carbon isotopes) in pre-, syn-, post-ore, and peripheral veins. Pre-ore skarn related garnets have a δ18Omineral range between 3.9 and 8.4‰. Quartz from the main ore stage range between 13.6 and 16.0‰. Calcite from the main ore stage has δ13C values of –2.9 to –5.1‰ and δ18O values of 12.3 to 14.1‰, which are clearly distinct from post-ore veins and peripheral prospects that have much higher δ18O (16.6–27.3‰) and δ13C (1.3–3.1‰) values. Despite the numerous fluid inclusion types, only two fluid sources can be inferred, namely a magmatic fluid and an external fluid that equilibrated with limestone. Furthermore, isotopic data does not indicate any significant mixing between the two fluids, although fluid inclusion data may be interpreted otherwise. Thus, the various fluid types were likely to have formed from varying pressure–temperature conditions through faulting during exsolution of magmatic fluids. Late-stage hydrothermal fluid activity was dominated by the non-magmatic fluids and was post-ore. 相似文献
12.
山西灵丘县刁泉银铜矿流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
刁泉银铜矿位于华北克拉通中北部,燕山造山带与太行山造山带的交切部位,为一矽卡岩型银铜矿,其成矿作用从早到晚划分为矽卡岩期、石英-硫化物期、碳酸盐期3个成矿期,并可进一步划分为5个成矿阶段.本文对石榴子石矽卡岩,含石英脉花岗岩、蚀变斑状花岗岩、黑云母石英二长岩等岩石以及矿石中的石榴子石、石英、方解石开展了详细的流体包裹体特征观察、测温及激光拉曼光谱研究.该矿床流体包裹体类型丰富,主要类型有富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体和含子晶包裹体.石榴子石和石英中的流体由高温高盐度流体和较低温中低盐度流体两种组分构成,方解石中主要为低温低盐度流体.石英流体气液两相包裹体均一温度峰值出现于200~220℃区间.石榴子石中不同类型包裹体有近似的均一温度(380~420℃),表明矽卡岩期流体的沸腾及其在矿液沉淀和矿质卸载上的重要性.该矿床流体包裹体的盐度(%NaCleqv)整体变化范围很大,介于0.2%~64.0%,从早期到晚期均一温度和盐度均呈下降趋势.石榴子石中流体包裹体密度分布于两个区间,而其在石英中的密度分布范围较广,在方解石中的密度分布则最为集中.估算矽卡岩期流体包裹体最低捕获压力为23~66MPa,按照静岩压力计算对应的流体深度为0.9~2.6km;石英-硫化物期5~46MPa,按照静水压力计算的流体深度为0.5~4.6km,Mo矿化主要发生在1~3km,而Cu-Ag矿化主要发生在0.5~1.5km.刁泉银铜矿为一与浅成低温热液有关的矽卡岩型矿床. 相似文献
13.
贵州太平洞金矿床流体包裹体特征及流体不混溶机制 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
太平洞金矿床是兴仁-安龙金矿带灰家堡金矿区的重要卡林型金矿之一。流体包裹体研究证明,石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-毒砂阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-方解石-雄黄阶段(Ⅲ)的包裹体类型丰富,以气液水两相包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和纯液相水包裹体为主,CO2两相包裹体、纯气相有机质包裹体和有机质-H2O包裹体次之,偶见气液有机质包裹体。由Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ阶段,气液水包裹体均一温度(200～260℃→180～240℃→100～160℃)呈现逐渐降低的趋势。在Ⅰ阶段的石英中,只在局部偶见到CO2-H2O包裹体和气液两相水包裹体共生;在Ⅱ阶段的石英中,纯液相水包裹体、气液两相盐水包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体、CO2包裹体及纯气相有机质包裹体共存,它们共生在同一平面中且气液两相盐水包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体测温数据相差不大,说明当时捕获的是不均匀成矿流体,它是由含有机质的成矿流体经历了CO2-低盐度水的不混溶作用形成的。因而认为,太平洞金矿床中成矿早期流体不混溶作用不明显,主成矿阶段流体的不混溶作用是导致金矿质沉淀的重要原因。 相似文献
14.
The Chah-Firuzeh porphyry copper deposit is located in 35 km north of Shahre Babak (Kerman province). It is associated with granodioriteic intrusive of Miocene age which intruded Eocene volcanosedimentary rocks. Copper mineralization was accompanied by both potassic and phyllic alteration. Field observations and petrographic studies demonstrate that the emplacement of Chah-Firuzeh pluton took place in several intrusive pulses, each with associated hydrothermal ore fluid formation that was also associated with hydrostatic pressure increasing respect to that of lithostatic pressure (and fracturing development-relative boiling) by circulated fluid. Copper is concentrated as a very early hydrothermal mineralized phase in the evolution of the hydrothermal system. Early hydrothermal alteration produced a potassic assemblage (orthoclase–biotite) in the central deep part of the stock. Alteration ore fluids could be classify into two groups of liquid-reach, containing solid phases, high temperature (390 to 500 °C) high salinity (more than 60 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and gas-rich, high temperature (311 to 570 °C), no solid phase and with low salinities. These magmatic source fluids illustrate sever boiling process and also are the responsible for the both potassic alteration, quartz group I and II veins and chalcopyrite deposition. Propylitic alteration occurred by the liquid-rich, low temperature (241 to 390 °C) and Ca-rich fluid with meteoric origin. Continuous decreasing temperature let the meteoric water diffusion into the system, mixed with magmatic fluids and descending the salinities down to the 1 wt.% NaCl equiv. and leaching the Cu from vein groups II and III by sever thermodynamic anarchies from potassic to the phyllic alteration zones. Phyllic alteration and copper leaching resulted from the inflow of oxidized and acidic meteoric waters with decreasing temperature of the system followed by the incursion of this fluid into and its convection in upper part of the system. A late episode of boiling occurred in the apical the phyllic zone, and was associated with significant copper deposition. Based on the field observation on sharp alteration and related mineralization, it is possible to conclude that all these procedures have been controlled by local faults that could be active even before the pluton injection. These faults and the new form ones (which have been formed after injection), could crash the hosted rocks, and act as physical dams to restrict and limit the mineralization in special strikes and zones within the Cah-Firuzeh ore deposit. 相似文献
15.
Ni Shijun Luo Yutian Liu Lihua Wang Xuben Li Sue Luo Yangdi Han Dingrong 《中国地球化学学报》1994,13(3):193-201
This study focuses on the thermodynamics of diagenetic fluid from the Eogene Xingouzui Formation which represents the most
important reservoir in Field Oil T in the Jianghan Basin. The measured homogenization temperatures (110–139 °C) of fluid inclusions
in diagenetic minerals fell within the range of 67 –155 °C at the middle diagenetic stage. The pressure of diagenetic fluid
is estimated at 10.2 –56 MPa. The activity of ions in the fluid shows a tendency of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ > Fe3+ > Fe2+ for cations, and HCO
3
−
> SO
4
2−
> F− > Cl− > CO
3
2−
for anions. For the gaseous facies, there is a tendency of CO2> CO> H2S> CH4> H2. According to the thermodynamic calculations, the pH and Eh of the fluid are 5.86–6.47 and −0.73–−0.64V, respectively. As
a result of the interaction between such a diagenetic fluid and minerals in the sediments, feldspars were dissolved or alterated
by other minerals. The clay mineral kaolinite was instable and hence was replaced by illite and chloritoid.
This project was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49133080) and the Open Laboratory of
Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
16.
C. O'Reilly G. R. T. Jenkin M. Feely D. H. M. Alderton A. E. Fallick 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1997,129(2-3):120-142
Fluid inclusions in granite quartz and three generations of veins indicate that three fluids have affected the Caledonian
Galway Granite. These fluids were examined by petrography, microthermometry, chlorite thermometry, fluid chemistry and stable
isotope studies. The earliest fluid was a H2O-CO2-NaCl fluid of moderate salinity (4–10 wt% NaCl eq.) that deposited late-magmatic molybdenite mineralised quartz veins (V1) and formed the earliest secondary inclusions in granite quartz. This fluid is more abundant in the west of the batholith,
corresponding to a decrease in emplacement depth. Within veins, and to the east, this fluid was trapped homogeneously, but
in granite quartz in the west it unmixed at 305–390 °C and 0.7–1.8 kbar. Homogeneous quartz δ18O across the batholith (9.5 ± 0.4‰n = 12) suggests V1 precipitation at high temperatures (perhaps 600 °C) and pressures (1–3 kbar) from magmatic fluids. Microthermometric data
for V1 indicate lower temperatures, suggesting inclusion volumes re-equilibrated during cooling. The second fluid was a H2O-NaCl-KCl, low-moderate salinity (0–10 wt% NaCl eq.), moderate temperature (270–340 °C), high δD (−18 ± 2‰), low δ18O (0.5–2.0‰) fluid of meteoric origin. This fluid penetrated the batholith via quartz veins (V2) which infill faults active during post-consolidation uplift of the batholith. It forms the most common inclusion type in
granite quartz throughout the batholith and is responsible for widespread retrograde alteration involving chloritization of
biotite and hornblende, sericitization and saussuritization of plagioclase, and reddening of K-feldspar. The salinity was
generated by fluid-rock interactions within the granite. Within granite quartz this fluid was trapped at 0.5–2.3 kbar, having
become overpressured. This fluid probably infiltrated the Granite in a meteoric-convection system during cooling after intrusion,
but a later age cannot be ruled out. The final fluid to enter the Granite and its host rocks was a H2O-NaCl-CaCl2-KCl fluid with variable salinity (8–28 wt% NaCl eq.), temperature (125–205 °C), δD (−17 to −45‰), δ18O (−3 to + 1.2‰), δ13CCO2 (−19 to 0‰) and δ34Ssulphate (13–23‰) that deposited veins containing quartz, fluorite, calcite, barite, galena, chalcopyrite sphalerite and pyrite (V3). Correlations of salinity, temperature, δD and δ18O are interpreted as the result of mixing of two fluid end-members, one a high-δD (−17 to −8‰), moderate-δ18O (1.2–2.5‰), high-δ13CCO2 (> −4‰), low-δ34Ssulphate (13‰), high-temperature (205–230 °C), moderate-salinity (8–12 wt% NaCl eq.) fluid, the other a low-δD (−61 to −45‰), low-δ18O (−5.4 to −3‰), low-δ13C (<−10‰), high-δ34Ssulphate (20–23‰) low-temperature (80–125 °C), high-salinity (21–28 wt% NaCl eq.) fluid. Geochronological evidence suggests V3 veins are late Triassic; the high-δD end-member is interpreted as a contemporaneous surface fluid, probably mixed meteoric
water and evaporated seawater and/or dissolved evaporites, whereas the low-δD end-member is interpreted as a basinal brine
derived from the adjacent Carboniferous sequence. This study demonstrates that the Galway Granite was a locus for repeated
fluid events for a variety of reasons; from expulsion of magmatic fluids during the final stages of crystallisation, through
a meteoric convection system, probably driven by waning magmatic heat, to much later mineralisation, concentrated in its vicinity
due to thermal, tectonic and compositional properties of granite batholiths which encourage mineralisation long after magmatic
heat has abated.
Received: 3 April 1996 / Accepted: 5 May 1997 相似文献
17.
In the Proterozoic Mary Kathleen Fold Belt, northern Australia, infiltration of large volumes of externally derived fluid occurred synchronously with regional amphibolite-facies metamorphism and deformation. This paper develops a model of structurally controlled fluid migration by comparing the distribution of fossil fluid pathways with the inferred stress and strain patterns during the deformation. Intense fluid flow was localized within strong, relatively brittle meta-intrusive bodies, and in discrete, veined, brecciated and altered zones around their margins. In metasediments folded in a ductile manner outside these areas, fluid infiltration was negligible. The direct correlation between structural styles and the magnitude of veining and metasomatism suggests control of permeability enhancement, and hence fluid flow, by deformation. Finite difference modelling of a strong body in a weaker matrix has been used to evaluate the variation of stresses during the deformation, from which it is clear that stress and strain heterogeneities have systematically influenced the development and maintenance of metamorphic fluid pathways. Particular regions in which mean stress may be significantly lower than the average lithostatic pressures include the ‘strain shadow’zones adjacent to the strong bodies, other dilatant zones around the bodies, and the bodies themselves. This geometry is favourable not only for localized brittle deformation under amphilobite facies conditions, but also for focused fluid flow in the low mean stress regions, as evidenced by the abundance of veins. Fluid access through these metamorphic aquifers occurred during tensile failure episodes, with particularly large dilations and decimetre-scale veining in areas of strain incompatibility. It appears likely that fluid circulated many times through the Fold Belt, with flow concentrated in the metamorphic aquifers. A model is developed that explains both the structurally focused fluid flow and the postulated multi-pass recirculation by dilatancy pumping, the ‘pump engines’comprising the low mean stress zones. 相似文献
18.
云南毛坪铅锌（银、锗）矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体来源 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
云南毛坪铅锌(银、锗)矿床是川滇黔成矿域滇东北地区以碳酸盐岩为主岩的中-大型铅锌(银)矿床的典型代表。矿体空间分布严格受 NE 向层间断裂带和猫猫山倒转背斜的控制。主要脉石矿物(铁方解石、方解石及白云岩)中的流体包裹体发育,一般较小(3～15μm),主要为纯液相和液相包裹体,常沿矿物结晶面密集成群展布。成矿流体属 Na~ -K~ -Ca~(2 )-CI~- -F~- 型,流体包裹体均一温度为180～218(C,盐度为4.1 wt%～9.5 wt% NaCl,成矿压力为406×10~5～570×10~5Pa。在主要脉石矿物流体包裹体中,Na~ /K~ (1.54～4.53)与 Cl~-/F~-(0.72～156.33)较高,而重晶石流体包裹体中 Na~ /K~ (0.32～8.36)与 Cl~-/F~-(1.06～16.77)较低。成矿流体的(D 为-23‰～-64‰,方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿中流体包体(~(18)O_(v-SMOW)依次为0.3‰～6.2‰,-9.0‰～3.4‰和-6.8‰～-12.7‰。脉石矿物的(~(13)C_(v-PDB)为-1.1‰～-3.7‰。以上信息更好地揭示了成矿流体是变质水、岩浆水和建造水混合的产物,它们与沉积作用、昆阳群基底的变质作用及岩浆热液作用有关。该矿床本身可能是富含铅、锌、银等成矿流体对流循环沿构造"贯入"而成。该矿床不同于典型的 MVT 型铅锌矿床,是一碳酸盐岩为主岩的铅锌多金属硫化物矿床。 相似文献
19.
Nitrogen-rich fluid in the upper mantle: fluid inclusions in spinel dunite from Lanzarote,Canary Islands 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
T. Andersen E. A. J. Burke E. -R. Neumann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,120(1):20-28
Fluid inclusions, ranging from pure N2 to pure CO2, occur in olivine porphyroclasts in spinel dunite xenoliths (chrome-diopside suite) from two localities within the Quaternary to Historic alkaline lavas of Lanzarote, Canary Islands. This is the first report of fluid inclusions containing major amounts of N2 in mantle xenoliths. The nitrogen-rich fluid inclusions predate at least one generation of nitrogen-free carbon dioxide inclusions; textural evidence indicates that the inclusions were trapped within the upper mantle. Some of the nitrogen-rich fluid inclusions are intimately associated with solid inclusions of spinel. The nitrogen-rich fluid was most likely produced in-situ, by oxidation-dehydration reactions destabilizing ammonium-bearing silicate minerals (phlogopite, amphibole), increasing oxygen fugacity or, possibly, increasing temperature of the mantle. This process could be related to an event of CO2 and silicate melt injection at 6–8 kbar (Neumann et al., in press), or to some earlier event in the evolution of the mantle beneath Lanzarote. The existence of a N2-rich fluid phase in at least some mantle lithology(ies) at certain conditions is demonstrated by these data. This discovery has consequences for the understanding of the evolution of the mantle below the Canary Islands, as well as for the global nitrogen budget. 相似文献
20.
地壳中岩石的变形模式受构造应力、流体压力和上覆岩层重力共同作用的影响。岩石组成和构造应力的大小、方向决定着岩石的变形过程,同时岩石的破裂还受先存断裂构造的影响。流体压力增大,岩石可以发生水力破裂,而引起水力引张破裂的条件是σ1-σ3<4T和Pf=σ3+T。随着深度的增加,受地温梯度的影响,岩石由脆性变形向韧性变形转变。在无流体超压影响的情况下,脆韧性转换的温度在300~450℃之间,大约在地壳15km处。当流体压力和应变速率增大时,韧性条件下的岩石变形行为由韧性向脆性变化,脆韧性转变的深度随之增大。从构造角度探讨热液成矿作用,热液矿床形成的深度与流体压力、应变速率、裂隙的发育、介质的渗透率、温度变化等相关。岩石断裂的类型和方向影响岩石的渗透率,提供流体运移的通道和聚集场所,控制矿床形成的深度、位置和矿体产状。 相似文献