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1.
Stephan Pötter Arndt Schmitz Andreas Lücke Philipp Schulte Igor Obreht Michael Zech Holger Wissel Slobodan B. Marković Frank Lehmkuhl 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2021,50(1):184-204
Stable organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes can be used to interpret past vegetation patterns and ecosystem qualities. Here we present these proxies for two loess-palaeosol sequences from the southern Carpathian Basin to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment during the past 350 ka and establish regional commonalities and differences. Before now, isotopic studies on loess sequences from this region were only conducted on deposits from the last glacial cycle. We conducted methodological tests involving the complete decalcification of the samples prior to stable isotope analyses. Two decalcification methods (fumigation method and wet chemical acidification), different treatment times, and the reproducibility of carbon isotope analyses were tested. Obtained results indicate that the choice of the decalcification method is important for organic carbon stable isotope analyses of loess-palaeosol sequences because ratios vary by more than 10‰ between the wet chemical and fumigation methods, due to incomplete carbonate removal by the latter. Therefore, we suggest avoiding the fumigation method for studies on loess-palaeosol sequences. In addition, our data show that samples with TOC content <0.2% bear increased potential for misinterpretation of their carbon isotope ratios. For our sites, C3-vegetation is predominant and no palaeoenvironmental shifts leading to a change of the dominant photosynthesis pathway can be detected during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. Furthermore, the importance of further stable nitrogen isotope studies is highlighted, since this proxy seems to reflect past precipitation patterns and reveals favourable conditions in the southern Carpathian Basin, especially during interstadials. 相似文献
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3.
MICHAEL M. JOACHIMSKI 《Sedimentology》1994,41(4):805-824
Purbeckian (lowermost Cretaceous) peritidal carbonates are characterized by open marine, lagoonal, intertidal and lacustrine facies arranged in Milankovitch-type shallowing upward sequences. Shallowing upward sequences typically consist of 2–6 individual beds. The sequences may be (i) complete, (ii) incomplete or (ii) pedogenetically overprinted, reflecting the duration of subaerial exposure and/or the extent of erosion and pedogenetic modification at the cycle tops. The stable isotopic composition of the peritidal micrites reveals homogenous δ18O values attributed to diagenetic stabilization in a meteoric, water-buffered system. Carbon isotopes show three distinctly different carbon isotope patterns dependent on the completeness of the shallowing upward sequences. Complete shallowing upward sequences consist of 4–6 individual carbonate beds. The carbon isotope values show a facies-dependent pattern: open marine carbonate muds record enriched δ13C values of +0·28‰ while lagoonal (−0·82‰), intertidal (−2·46‰) and lacustrine micrites (−2·96‰) are increasingly depleted. This distinct pattern is explained by carbonate mud deposition in environments of differing salinity and marine influence. Incomplete sequences (2–5 carbonate beds) are characterized by depleted δ13C values below subaerial exposure surfaces that become progressively enriched in 13C with increasing depth. Pedogenetically overprinted sequences (1–3 carbonate beds) show strong 13C depletion throughout the sequence with little variation in the carbon isotopic composition. The depleted values (−4·5‰) of the pedogenetically altered micrites suggest that modification during subaerial exposure was associated with equilibration with meteoric solutions enriched in isotopically light soil gas CO2. The duration of subaerial exposure is the most crucial factor determining the extent of pedogenetic alterations, the completeness of the shallowing upward sequences and the carbon isotope pattern. The recorded patterns clearly illustrate that micrites have a good potential for the preservation of their primary carbon isotopic composition if the duration of subaerial exposure is rather brief. Otherwise, the recorded carbon isotope patterns may support sequence stratigraphic analysis by providing a refinement of the time-stratigraphic interpretation. 相似文献
4.
Isotopes in pyrogenic carbon: A review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pyrogenic carbon (PC; also known as biochar, charcoal, black carbon and soot) derived from natural and anthropogenic burning plays a major, but poorly quantified, role in the global carbon cycle. Isotopes provide a fundamental fingerprint of the source of PC and a powerful tracer of interactions between PC and the environment. Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope techniques have been widely applied to studies of PC in aerosols, soils, sediments and archaeological sequences, with the use of other isotopes currently less developed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding (i) techniques for isolating PC for isotope analysis and (ii) processes controlling the carbon (13C and 14C), nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur isotope composition of PC during formation and after deposition. It also reviews the current and potential future applications of isotope based studies to better understand the role of PC in the modern environment and to the development of records of past environmental change. 相似文献
5.
《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(12):1529-1539
Pyrogenic carbon (PC; also known as biochar, charcoal, black carbon and soot) derived from natural and anthropogenic burning plays a major, but poorly quantified, role in the global carbon cycle. Isotopes provide a fundamental fingerprint of the source of PC and a powerful tracer of interactions between PC and the environment. Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope techniques have been widely applied to studies of PC in aerosols, soils, sediments and archaeological sequences, with the use of other isotopes currently less developed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding (i) techniques for isolating PC for isotope analysis and (ii) processes controlling the carbon (13C and 14C), nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur isotope composition of PC during formation and after deposition. It also reviews the current and potential future applications of isotope based studies to better understand the role of PC in the modern environment and to the development of records of past environmental change. 相似文献
6.
The Early Cretaceous carbonate carbon isotope stratigraphy established in pelagic limestones is marked by several pronounced excursions towards positive δ13C values. We investigated a biostratigraphically and palaeomagnetically calibrated Aptian section to see whether C isotope stratigraphy could be recognized in shallow-water carbonates. The chosen carbonate platform sections are located in southern Italy and have been dated by biostratigraphy. Bulk samples, chosen from the Barremian-Albian part of the sequence, were analysed for their O and C isotope compositions. The C isotope curve established shows two major positive excursions which can be correlated with the synchronous and globally recognized Aptian C isotope events. The data provide evidence that C isotope stratigraphy can be used as a powerful correlation tool between pelagic and shallow-water limestone sequences. 相似文献
7.
The south Australian Eucla Shelf belongs to the world's largest cool-water carbonate sedimentary system. During the Pleistocene, it exported large amounts of sediment to the shelf edge and upper slope resulting in an expanded sedimentary wedge. Wedge-internal clinoforming seismic reflectors suggest a stacking of the deposits into genetic sequences. High-resolution stable oxygen and carbon isotope, point counting, grain size, and carbonate mineralogical XRD analyses were carried out to characterize these genetic sequences along a dip-parallel transect of three ODP Leg 182 drill holes located between the shelf edge and upper slope. Oxygen and carbon isotope fluctuations show that the genetic sequences formed as a response to sea level fluctuations. Within the genetic sequences, facies differentiation and sediment volume partitioning occur along the transect. Lowstand deposits are fine grained and contain more sponge spicules and micrite. Highstand deposits are coarse grained with tunicate spicules, brown bioclasts, as well as bryozoan and corallinacean debris. Boundaries separating highstand and lowstand deposits are triggered by sea level fall, and are expressed as abrupt grain size changes or as turning points in grain-size trends. Analyzed components vary in abundance along the transect. Genetic sequences show dip-parallel variations in thickness combined with changing relative proportions of lowstand versus highstand deposits. 相似文献
8.
黔南Triticites带旋回层序碳同位素特征及冰川型海平面变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用层序地层学理论对黔南独山地区晚石炭世麦粒链带地层进行了详细的沉积层序分析和系统的碳同位素测定，识别出２个三级沉积层序和１７个准层序，其可与北美中大陆同期地层中发现的２个三级沉积层序和１７个亚层序对比，是晚石炭世Ｇｚｈｅｌｉａｎ期存在全球沉积记录同时性的佐证。同时探讨了碳同位素演化与全球海平面变化之间的内在联系，总结出沉积层序内碳同位素演化规律。 相似文献
9.
塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
通过露头、钻测井及地震层序地层特征综合分析,建立了塔里木盆地寒武系三级层序地层格架,将寒武系划分出6个可全盆地追踪与对比的三级层序。结合反映全球海平面相对变化的全岩碳同位素旋回与反映沉积古水深相对变化的沉积旋回的对比分析,可将塔里木盆地寒武系三级层序分为主要受全球海平面变化控制形成的全球海平面层序(层序CSQ2、CSQ4、CSQ5、CSQ6)及主要受地区性构造沉降作用控制形成的构造层序(层序CSQ1、CSQ3)2类。塔北轮南地区寒武系台地边缘总体呈现由早寒武世的缓坡向中—晚寒武世的镶边台地的演变以及由西向东的进积叠置型式,推测主要与寒武纪全球海平面总体微弱下降及塔里木盆地基底沉降速率总体稳定且较小有关。 相似文献
10.
Based on the research on sequence stratigraphy of the Permian in Southwest China, in conjunction with the carbon isotope data from the typical sections at Ganluo, Sichuan and Tianlin and Mashan, Guangxi, the authors suggest that the genetic framework and internal architicture of different sequences possess quite different carbon isotopic characteristics. Therefore, the following problems can be solved in terms of carbon isotopic values, evolutionary curve patterns and structures of carbonate sequences: (1) to determe the nature of sequence boundary surface and related geological events; (2) to recognize various kinds of sedimentary system tracts; (3) to discuss the internal architicture and genetic framework of the sequences and their evolution; (4) to subdivide and correlate sedimentary sequences on a regional or global scale; and (5) to enhance the resolution of sequence stratigraphic analysis. Stable carbon isotopes have proved themselves to be valid in sequence stratigraphic studies of carbonate rocks, as demonstrated by our results presented in this paper. 相似文献
11.
Chr Samtleben A. Munnecke T. Bickert J. Pätzold 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(2):278-292
The Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, consists of 440 m of carbonate deposits. Repeatedly, uniform sequences of micritic limestones
and marls are interrupted by complex-structured reefs and by adjacent platform sediments. Generally, the alteration of facies
is interpreted as the result of sea-level fluctuations caused by a gradual regression with superimposed minor transgressive
pulses. The purpose of this study is a facies interpretation based on both field observations and stable isotope measurements
of brachiopod shells. Approximately 700 samples from stratigraphically arranged localities in different facies areas have
been investigated. The carbon and oxygen isotopes show principally parallel curves and a close relationship to the stratigraphic
sequence. Lower values occur in periods dominated by deposition of marly sequences. Higher values are observed in periods
dominated by reefs and extended carbonate platforms. The oxygen isotope ratios are interpreted to reflect paleosalinity changes
due to varying freshwater input, rather than to paleotemperature. Carbon isotope ratios are believed to have been connected
to global changes in the burial of organic carbon in black shales during periods of euxinic deep water conditions. Consequently,
the facies succession on Gotland results from global paleoclimatic conditions. Changes in terrigenous input due to different
rates of weathering and freshwater runoff, rather than sea-level fluctuations, control the carbonate formation of the Silurian
on Gotland. 相似文献
12.
天然气水合物是一种新型的洁净能源。甲烷天然气水合物是储量最丰富的一种类型,常出现在深海中或极地大陆上,其生成的过程中会发生同位素的分馏效应。通过实验室模拟水合物生成的过程,利用天然海水与甲烷或二氧化碳气体反应,以及更接近实际生成环境的甲烷-海水-沉积物动态聚散实验,对甲烷水合物和二氧化碳水合物生成前后δ13C值进行测定,研究水合物生成过程中δ13C的变化情况。实验证明,水合物反应中碳同位素分馏是存在的,其变化程度明显小于氧同位素和氢同位素。甲烷水合物碳同位素的分馏系数αC的值为1000 3~1000 9。二氧化碳水合物生成反应后气相的碳、氧同位素变轻,重同位素趋向于进入水合物中,二氧化碳水合物碳同位素的分馏系数αC的值为1000 7~1001 2。海水中溶解的CO2气体在甲烷水合物形成过程中会被水合物捕获,从而使得δ13CDIC值变小,重的碳同位素趋于进入水合物中,而较轻的碳同位素留在海水中。但由于海水中含有的溶解CO2气体有限,经过多轮水合物动态聚散后δ13CDIC值的变化幅度会越来越小。 相似文献
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14.
Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis was used in the Peridido Estuary, Florida U.S. to determine the predominant carbon source that supports the bacterial assemblage. Stable carbon isotope values were measured in the suspended particulate matter (SPM), dissolved organic and inorganic matter, and bacteria. Stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N) ratios were measured in SPM and nitrate to assist in understanding carbon cycling through the estuary. Analyses were conducted on samples from riverine, coastal, and anthropogenic sources and compared with samples from the bay. Stable isotope ratio analysis was coupled with estimates of mixing of riverine and coastal waters into the bay. Preliminary observation of the °13C data indicates that terrestrial organic matter is the primary carbon source that is assimilated by bacteria in the ecosystem. Stable isotope data from carbon and nitrogen pools in combination with analysis of estuarine current velocities indicates that primary production is an important factor in the carbon cycle. This study demonstrates the importance of stable isotope analysis of multiple carbon and nitrogen pols to assess sources and cycling of organic matter. 相似文献
15.
煤层甲烷碳同位素在煤层气勘探中的地质意义--以沁水盆地为例 总被引：30，自引：2，他引：28
根据沁水煤层气甲烷碳同位素的组成与分布特征,从煤层甲烷碳同位素在煤层气解吸-扩散-运移中的分馏效应,结合水文地质条件和构造条件,讨论了煤层甲烷碳同位素在煤层气勘探中的地质意义,认为沁水煤层气δ13C1值不仅总体上较高,而且随埋深增大而增高,说明沁水煤层气存在因煤层抬升而卸压所导致的煤层气解吸-扩散-运移效应,从而形成了该区甲烷碳同位素在平面上的分带现象。 相似文献
16.
In the study of the phosphate-bearing stratum at the bottom of the Cambrian system, the authors found that there occurred carbon isotope negative anomalies in the Taozichong section phosphate-bearing stratum in Qingzhen, Guizhou Province; they can be correspondingly compared with other synsedimentary carbon isotope negative anomalies both at home and abroad. The results showed that there occurred three negative anomalies of carbon isotopes in the Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian Taozichong Formation, indicating that the temporal palaeo-oceanographical environment changed significantly, in which there happened two times of intensive carbon isotope variation, corresponding to creature extinction. Meanwhile, it is believed that the carbon isotope negative anomalies in phosphorites were caused by the ascending water mass of ocean current with the negative carbon isotopic composition of deep-ocean hydrothermal deposits. 相似文献
17.
路南石林地区土壤呼吸及碳稳定同位素日动态特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用碱吸收法,于2002年4月13- 16日(晴)、8月21- 24日(晴)对路南石林地区次生草地及柏树林下的土壤呼吸进行了野外监测,同时收集其碳稳定同位素样品进行室内质谱仪分析。结果显示: 土壤呼吸速率日动态特征表现为夜间高于白天, 8月份土壤呼吸速率高于4月份; 4月份的草地系统土壤呼吸的碳稳定同位素日平均值偏轻,而柏树林系统土壤呼吸的碳稳定同位素日平均值则是8月份的偏轻;土壤呼吸与其碳稳定同位素值成负相关,草地系统的相关程度, 4月份的较8月份的高;柏树林系统的相关程度,则是8月份较4月份的高。这揭示了土壤呼吸及其碳稳定同位素交换对环境变化的敏感性,且不同的生物系统有不同的表现特征。 相似文献
18.
Lipids preserved in geological materials mainly originate from cell membrane and leaf waxes, and have the potential to infer biological sources, metabolic pathways, and environmental information. Thus,lipid-based proxies have been widely applied to reconstruct paleoenvironment and paleoecology in the Quaternary. Except the concentration and molecular composition, the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are also a type of important signal sources. For photoautotrophs, the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are mainly mediated by the carbon isotope discrimination during the photosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis processes. In contrast, the carbon isotope compositions of heterotroph derived lipids are controlled by substrates and the carbon isotope fractionation during biosynthesis. In this review, we overview the advances of applications of lipid carbon isotope ratios in lacustrine and peat deposits. In the near future, more attention is suggested to pay to instrumental techniques, such as reduce the sample amount, direct analysis the carbon isotope compositions of molecules with relatively large molecular weight (e.g. BHPs, GDGTs), and widely application of compound-specific radiocarbon isotope analysis. In addition, combination of carbon isotope ratios from multi lipids, or the application of dual carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of lipids, will shed more information on the response of ecological processes to climate changes. Furthermore, more works are worthy to investigate the relation between biogeochemical processes and paleoclimate changes in the Quaternary. 相似文献
19.
洞穴现代沉积物δ13C值的生物量效应及机理探讨:以贵州4个洞穴为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在贵州选择一组植被退化系列的4个洞穴系统(荔波凉风洞、都匀七星洞、镇宁犀牛洞和安顺将军洞)为具体研究对象,对其地表植被生物量、植被和洞穴现代沉积物的δ13C值进行了对比分析.结果显示洞穴现代沉积物的δ13C值与生物量有着很强的负相关关系,说明洞穴沉积物的δ13C值在空间上可能存在生物量效应,与洞穴石笋所揭示的时间序列上的生物量效应相对应.根据已有的数据和认识,推断这种生物量效应主要由地表植被δ13C值及土壤CO2δ13C值的微生物作用共同控制:在地表植被生物量较大变化情况下,沉积物δ13C值的生物量效应主要受植被δ13C值变化主导;而在地表植被生物量较小变化的情况下,沉积物δ13C值的生物量效应主要受微生物作用主导,而植被δ13C值变化的影响相对较弱. 相似文献
20.
The Archean Wyoming Craton is flanked on the south and east by belts of Paleoproterozoic supracrustal successions whose correlation is complicated by lack of geochronologic constraints and continuous outcrop. However, carbonate units in these successions may be correlated by integrating carbon isotope stratigraphy with lithostratigraphy. The 10 km thick Paleoproterozoic Snowy Pass Supergroup in the Medicine Bow Mountains was deposited on the present-day southern flank of the Wyoming Craton; it contains three discrete levels of glacial diamictite correlative with those in the Huronian Supergroup, on the southern margin of the Superior Craton. The Nash Fork Formation of the upper Snowy Pass Supergroup is significantly younger than the uppermost diamictite and was deposited after the end of the Paleoproterozoic glacial epoch. Carbonates at the base of the Nash Fork Formation record remarkable 13C-enrichment, up to +28‰ (V-PDB), whereas those from overlying members of the lower Nash Fork Formation have δ13C values between +6 and +8‰. Carbonates from the upper Nash Fork Formation above the carbonaceous shale have carbon isotope values ranging between 0 and +2.5‰. The transition from high carbon isotope values to those near 0‰ in the Nash Fork Formation is similar to that at the end of the ca. 2.2–2.1 Ga carbon isotope excursion in Fennoscandia. This chemostratigraphic trend and deposition of BIFs, Mn-rich lithologies, carbonaceous shales and phosphorites at the end of the global ca. 2.2–2.1 Ga carbon isotope excursion are likely related to ocean overturn associated with the final breakup of the Kenorland supercontinent. Correlative carbonates from the Slaughterhouse Formation in the Sierra Madre, WY, and from the Whalen Group in the Rawhide Creek area in the Hartville Uplift, WY, have highly positive carbon isotope values. In contrast, carbonates from other exposures of the Whalen Group in the Hartville Uplift and all carbonate units in the Black Hills, SD, have carbon isotope values close to 0‰. Combined with existing geochronologic and stratigraphic constraints, these data suggest that the Slaughterhouse Formation and the succession exposed in the Rawhide Creek area of the Hartville Uplift are correlative with the lower and middle Nash Fork Formation and were deposited during the ca. 2.2–2.1 Ga carbon isotope excursion. The Estes and Roberts Draw formations in the Black Hills and carbonates from other exposures in the Hartville Uplift postdate the ca. 2.2–2.1 Ga positive carbon isotope excursion and are most likely correlative with the upper Nash Fork Formation. The passive margin, on which the carbonates with highly positive carbon isotope values were deposited, extended around the southern flank of the Wyoming Craton through the Sierra Madre, Medicine Bow Mountains and Hartville Uplift. The presence of carbonates with carbon isotope values close to 0‰ in the upper Nash Fork Formation and the Whalen Group indicates that the passive margin persisted on the southern flank of the Wyoming Craton after the carbon isotope excursion. Rifting in the Black Hills, likely related to the final breakup of the Kenorland, succeeded the carbon isotope excursion, since the Estes and Roberts Draw formations, deposited during rifting and ocean opening on the eastern flank of the Wyoming Craton, postdate the carbon isotope excursion. 相似文献