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1.
重庆市自然灾害管理综合信息系统研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从重庆市自然灾害情况及其信息管理现状分析入手,构建了重庆市自然灾害管理信息系统目标、整体设计和界面开发。重庆市自然灾害管理信息系统主要由4个模块组成：自然灾害数据库模块、远程通信管理模块、应用分析模型库模块及决策支持模块,它们通过一定的数据接口连结,在GIS平台上成为一体化系统,对重庆市自然灾害进行有效地管理和监测,从而减少自然灾害带来的经济损失。 相似文献
2.
Bruno Merz Jana Friedrich Markus Disse Jochen Schwarz Johann G. Goldammer Jochen Wächter 《Natural Hazards》2006,38(1-2):3-20
The German Research Network for Natural Disasters (DFNK) linked 15 partners with scientific expertise in the field of natural
hazards. Main objectives were the development and provision of the scientific fundamentals for an advanced risk management
of important natural disasters in Germany, i.e., floods, earthquakes, storms and wildland fires. This included risk analyses,
the development of information systems for supporting disaster management, and recommendations for risk reduction measures.
This paper gives an overview of DFNK and summarises its experiences concerning multidisciplinarity and user-orientation. It
illustrates the concept of risk chains, causally linking the different processes from hazard to risk. The step from hazard
to risk requires interdisciplinary research teams. The experiences show that integrative concepts allow results not achievable
with mono-disciplinary approaches. Integrative approaches pave the way to harmonised safety considerations taking into account
the different hazards in a region within a common framework. User-orientation, policy advice and development of operational
tools are key issues of disaster research. The experiences of DFNK illustrate the limitations of a research network in bridging
the gap between research and application within rather short-term projects. Successful cooperation with users could be established
by those activities where, at the beginning of the project, a user was identified who had a strong interest in solving an
urgent problem. 相似文献
3.
基于GIS的建设项目地质灾害危险性评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经济的快速发展使人类活动导致的地质灾害问题越来越严重,建设项目是目前人类活动的一项重要内容,国家已明确要求对建设项目进行地质灾害危险性评估。针对目前建设项目地质灾害危险性评估大多处于定性评估阶段的现状,提出利用GIS技术进行建设项目危险性评估。以桂西某县冶金化工加工厂建设项目为例,设计了基于GIS的地质危险性评估模型,详细介绍了评估过程,并通过GIS技术实现了评估结果的可视化显示。实践证明,GIS技术可为建设项目地质灾害危险性的定量评估和可视化输出提供科学的表现方法。 相似文献
4.
The development of new and better methods for preventing and managing natural disasters requires a variety of different data
sets, covering the range from referenced data, e.g. topographic data and digital elevation models, to various kinds of thematic
data, e.g. data about soil, vegetation and land usage as well as monitoring data like precipitation and water levels. So a
well-organised data and information management and the implementation of a modern processing environment to acquire, store,
analyse and visualise data were decisive for the success of the German Research Network Natural Disasters (DFNK). An information
infrastructure was established to support data management and information flows inside the network. A web-based portal offers
general information to the public and internal documents, data and software tools to the project community. A catalog service
allows the overview of existing but distributed data scombined with flexible data retrieval. Based on internet technology
and global standards these concepts contribute to a superior information infrastructure and finally substantiate to the development
of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). SDIs aim is to improve availability and usability of spatial data for the manifold
application areas. Disaster management is one field depending on a very high level on high-quality data equipment, and on
a working SDI. 相似文献
5.
GIS技术在区域地下水资源信息系统中的应用研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
作为GIS技术应用的一个方向,基于MAPGIS地理信息系统的二次开发,利用强大的空间分析和空间数据库管理能力,实现了区域地下水资源信息管理系统。充分利用GIS的空间信息管理的优势,以西藏重要经济和农业综合开发区——“一江两河”地区年楚河流域的江孜县为例,首次对区域地下水资源信息管理进行了研究应用。 相似文献
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8.
华南地区崩岗侵蚀灾害及其防治 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
刘瑞华 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(4):54-57
根据区域调查和定位研究资料,介绍了华南地区崩岗侵蚀及其灾害特点,概述了崩岗的形成、发育规律及其演变过程,分析了崩岗侵蚀及其灾害的影响因素。提出进行崩岗灾害防治时,应在水土保持传统方法基础上,整合水文地质学和工程地质学及其它相关学科理论,应用GIS技术对崩岗侵蚀进行科学监测和管理,为坡地利用和环境整治以及灾害防治提供依据。 相似文献
9.
GIS-based weights-of-evidence modelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catchments for landslide susceptibility mapping 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Ranjan Kumar Dahal Shuichi Hasegawa Atsuko Nonomura Minoru Yamanaka Takuro Masuda Katsuhiro Nishino 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(2):311-324
Landslide susceptibility mapping is a vital tool for disaster management and planning development activities in mountainous terrains of tropical and subtropical environments. In this paper, the weights-of-evidence modelling was applied, within a geographical information system (GIS), to derive landslide susceptibility map of two small catchments of Shikoku, Japan. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the importance of weights-of-evidence modelling in the generation of landslide susceptibility maps in relatively small catchments having an area less than 4 sq km. For the study area in Moriyuki and Monnyu catchments, northeast Shikoku Island in west Japan, a data set was generated at scale 1:5,000. Relevant thematic maps representing various factors (e.g. slope, aspect, relief, flow accumulation, soil depth, soil type, land use and distance to road) that are related to landslide activity were generated using field data and GIS techniques. Both catchments have homogeneous geology and only consist of Cretaceous granitic rock. Thus, bedrock geology was not considered in data layering during GIS analysis. Success rates were also estimated to evaluate the accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps and the weights-of-evidence modelling was found useful in landslide susceptibility mapping of small catchments. 相似文献
10.
南京市防洪减灾信息系统研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
南京市防不共减灾信息系统是应用ＧＩＳ技术,将南京市的河流水系、防洪工程、交通网络、城镇、圩区与水情、雨情、预报调度诸方面集成为一个系统。为洪水形势分析,制定防洪减灾方案,进行灾情评估以及工程管理、提供迅速、全面、准确的信息支持。系统由６个子组成,规模大,内容丰富,覆盖面广,适应性强。 相似文献
11.
地质灾害野外调查数据采集系统数据模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章从需求分析着手,利用3S技术、结合现代化的掌上电脑,从系统构成、野外数据采集模型、实体模型等方面对系统的构建进行了探讨研究。最后结合设计,利用国产的嵌入式GIS软件MAPGIS,实现了集野外数据的组织、采集背景文件的发布、采集数据收集一体化工作流程的地质灾害野外数据数字采集系统。 相似文献
12.
基于SVG的灾害信息系统研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
灾害信息系统和地理信息的组合进行因特网上的发布和综合研究已经成为灾害研究的一种趋势.SVG技术作为一种新的因特网矢量图形标准,对降低灾害研究信息发布的成本、减低网络压力、提高信息交换的可能性提供了一个新的途径.文中以一个灾害发布网站为实例对其实用性和未来前景进行了探讨,在实践上发现,当前的浏览器由于还没有实现对SVG技术的内置支持,对使用的方便性有一些影响,但对提高系统的响应速度,降低webGIS的制作难度,提供更加集成化的网站等有诸多优点.基于SVG结构的自然灾害信息管理系统很大程度上克服了我们以往的灾害信息系统负载过重、数据交换困难、系统更新慢、系统的使用者多为专业人员等诸多缺点,使我们可以在全国甚至更大范围内宣传减灾、救灾,实施灾害管理,是灾害信息管理系统的一个重要的发展方向. 相似文献
13.
Juan Antonio Pascual Aguilar Vicente Andreu Pablo Vázquez Yolanda Picó 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):31-37
The Mediterranean wetlands are unique in biological diversity and provide multiple benefits, constituting a great water reserve for the planet and producing biomass and nutrients for the trophic chain. However, the increasing human impact and socio-economic development in recent decades have caused important losses in these ecosystems. This work was carried out in the Natural Park of L’Albufera (Valencia, Spain), which includes a coastal lagoon, marshlands, dunes and pinewoods, surrounded by rice fields and orchard in its non-urbanized part. Despite this great ecological value, it suffers impacts derived from the high human and industrial occupation and the hydrological contributions of the connected irrigation systems. The study focused on the development of a combined methodology, based on environmental forensics principles, with the aim of identifying the presence, flow paths and spatial distribution of illicit drugs entering the Natural Park. It is organized around two major procedures: analysis of 16 water samples and application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) integrating different sources and data formats, as analysis of 14 drugs of abuse by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry techniques, and social and environmental data in either GIS layers or tabular digital formats. Results show that, at present, most analyzed drugs have been identified in all sample points. Besides the population distribution pattern, the traditional irrigation system connected to sewage treatment plant (STP) locations is the way by which illicit substances are introduced into the Natural Park waters. 相似文献
14.
针对目前地质灾害应急调查还处在野外全手工记录、应急数据传输不及时、室内手工处理数据等效率低下的情况,进行了地质灾害应急调查工具箱配套数据采集终端的研制,重点进行了自动化数据采集、数据电子化、应急数据实时化传输、数据管理智能化等设计。本文主要介绍在基于Android系统下的平板终端上,设计开发出一套智能化地质灾害应急调查软件,该软件遵循地质灾害调查技术规范,采用结构化和标准化的调查表模板,结合可视化的Google地图数据资源,为地质灾害调查人员现场采集数据（如文字信息,灾害点空间信息,有关灾害点的语音、视频、图片信息,绘制灾害点平面图、剖面图、素描图等）和后期对灾害点的管理,提供了更直观、更快捷、更高效的技术支持手段。该软件利用GIS技术,将采集的数据以可视化的方式展现在地图平台上,直观地反映地质灾害及隐患点的空间分布、灾害类型、灾害危害等级等详细信息,为地质灾害调查提供技术支撑。 相似文献
15.
Frank Rackwitz Stavros A. Savidis Jens Rickriem 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(3):927-939
Data management is the key of geotechnical risk management and disaster prevention providing right information at right time and right place. It supports regular construction cycles as well as handling of exceptional situations occurring probably during execution stages where the detailed knowledge of the actual state of construction is especially important. The web-based client–server software platform DoMaMoS was developed to cover all aspects in a new fashion. Main parts of the software are a graphical user interface, a SQL database and a controller application. Software development concerned user-friendly handling, geotechnical monitoring, security aspects, rapid access and adaptivity during a running project. Basic ideas and main features of the developed software are described and the practical application is shown. 相似文献
16.
An approach for GIS-based statistical landslide susceptibility zonation—with a case study in the Himalayas 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
Ashis K. Saha Ravi P. Gupta Irene Sarkar Manoj K. Arora Elmar Csaplovics 《Landslides》2005,2(1):61-69
Landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) is necessary for disaster management and planning development activities in mountainous regions. A number of methods, viz. landslide distribution, qualitative, statistical and distribution-free analyses have been used for the LSZ studies and they are again briefly reviewed here. In this work, two methods, the Information Value (InfoVal) and the Landslide Nominal Susceptibility Factor (LNSF) methods that are based on bivariate statistical analysis have been applied for LSZ mapping in a part of the Himalayas. Relevant thematic maps representing various factors (e.g., slope, aspect, relative relief, lithology, buffer zones along thrusts, faults and lineaments, drainage density and landcover) that are related to landslide activity, have been generated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The LSZ derived from the LNSF method, has been compared with that produced from the InfoVal method and the result shows a more realistic LSZ map from the LNSF method which appears to conform to the heterogeneity of the terrain. 相似文献
17.
GIS的社会化及公众GIS 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
GIS(地理信息系统 )的发展继专业化和行业化阶段之后 ,正处于社会化发展阶段。在该阶段 ,GIS的主要作用是为公众提供信息服务。文章在分析了GIS的这种发展趋势的基础上提出了“公众GIS”的概念 ,即 :直接面向公众 ,为公众提供信息服务和辅助公众进行行为决策的地理信息系统。与传统GIS相比 ,公众GIS更具有信息服务业的特点。公众GIS的建设应该突出信息的全面性、现势性和准确性、系统的友好性以及数据的易维护性等原则。公众GIS的关键技术包括数据采集、网络、数据库、多媒体以及系统的友好性设计等技术。公众GIS在建设全国城市公众信息服务网、全国交通旅游信息网以及汽车导航信息系统等方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章对公众GIS的实例———“今日武汉”公众查询系统作了简要介绍。 相似文献
18.
During disasters, many researchers highlight the efficiency of the various information techniques that are used for emergency response. However, only a few information systems consider on-site and off-site information requirements synchronously. The results achieved by the emergency responders will not be as effective as they should be, since the emergency responders cannot access necessary information. Therefore, this study proposed an approach for dealing with three problems associated with emergency situations, i.e., inadequate escape guidelines for people, incomplete geographical information for relief workers, and insufficient on-site information for disaster managers. In a simulated scenario, when serious debris flows occurred, this study tested the approach. The test results showed that the people rapidly finished self-evacuation, the relief workers effectively completed their on-site relief work, and the disaster managers successfully managed the on-site activities regarding the people and relief workers. Overall, the recommended approach improved information access for emergency response and provided a useful reference for similar applications in disaster management. 相似文献
19.
空间信息技术即包括地理信息系统GIS、遥感RS、全球导航卫星系统GNSS以及数字地球在内的地球空间信息科学。随着计算机和空间对地观测技术的发展,空间信息技术已逐渐应用于防震减灾领域。本文通过实际震例分别对目前基于GIS、RS技术的地震灾害监测评估方法进行了分析研究,总结了其优越性以及存在的问题,并结合数字地球平台可视化展示了综合多源数据空间信息技术方法进行的震害评估效果。 相似文献