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1.
中国科学院地质研究所震害地质组 《地质科学》1976,11(2):184-188
1975年2月4日我国辽宁省海城-营口发生了一次7.3级地震,震中东南地区沿孤山河、英洛等地突然出现许多陷坑。另外,震中以西相距数十公里的下辽河平原区,震后大面积喷水冒砂,与喷水冒砂相伴随,也出现许多陷坑。 相似文献
2.
辽宁海城小孤山遗址是我国北方地区重要的更新世末期-全新世人类遗址,记载着从更新世末期到全新世人类的体质及文化特征的演化历史。对1983年在此遗址发现的距今约5000年左右的、新石器时代晚期的人类头骨进行了研究,该头骨是迄今在辽宁地区发现的惟一较为完整的新石器人类遗骸,为探索早期人类体质特征的变异提供了重要的研究材料。研究显示,小孤山人类遗骸为30岁左右的男性个体。通过与更新世晚期、新石器时代及青铜铁器时代人类头骨的比较,发现小孤山人具有蒙古人种的形态特点,大部分特征与现代人相同,少数特征如颅长和颅容量,位于现代人变异范围的上限,而与更新世晚期人类接近。小孤山人非常低矮的上面部和鼻部,使其具有独特的头骨形态特点而差异于其他全新世头骨。15组头骨样本的主成分分析结果显示,新石器时代人类体质特征的变异非常大,难以将小孤山人的体质类型归入南方或北方类型,提示有必要对我国古代人类体质特征的分型问题作进一步探讨。 相似文献
3.
依据孤山川流域1956—2006年逐月实测降水资料,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、五点滑动平均法、R/S分析法等方法对孤山川降水进行分析。结果表明:孤山川流域降水主要集中于7、8、9三个月,年内分配极不均匀;降水序列存在明显减少趋势,且季降水序列分别存在着不同的变化趋势,夏季有明显减少趋势,冬季相反有增加趋势,春秋二季减少趋势不显著;经Mann-Kendall检验法、R/S分析表明孤山川流域降水减少趋势有持续性。 相似文献
4.
在海城市小孤山区辽河群大石桥组一段、三段地层中,都发现了硅质岩的分布.小孤山区硅质岩具有微-细粒变晶结构特点,与铅、锌、银、金矿化密切伴生.通过与青城子硅质岩岩石化学成分及组构特征的对比分析,认为小孤山区硅质岩属于海底火山喷溢-热水沉积成因,与成矿关系极为密切,从而展示了小孤山及外围地区辽河群地层找矿的前景. 相似文献
5.
早全新世11~8kaB.P.是末次盛冰期之后全球经历的第一个温暖期,研究表明该时期华北气候温暖湿润,但在8.2kaB.P.华北对全球冷事件的响应没有相关报道。本文通过~(14)C测年和冲刷事件对比手段确定石家庄河床沉积中的诺氏古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon naumanni)-披毛犀(Coelodonta antiquitatis)动物群生活在8.2kaB.P.时期。对来源于石家庄市郊区砂砾石层中的5件成年古菱齿象牙釉质样品进行了XRD粉末衍射、碳氧同位素和牙齿微磨痕分析。结果表明,牙齿XRD粉末衍射模式与现生大象相似,说明未受到地下水的影响;碳同位素分析表明早全新世华北东部为森林草原环境;极低的氧同位素值说明当时气候寒冷或湿润,地层中的针叶林茎杆和披毛犀化石也说明气候的寒冷;石家庄地区古菱齿象的凹坑痕出现频率极低,长条痕缺乏纤细类型。这种模式说明石家庄地区的古菱齿象以木质茎秆(55%)和草(45%)为食,而湿润季节以草为食是大象的特点,当时的石家庄是气候寒冷或湿润的针叶林草原环境。 相似文献
6.
披毛犀(Coelodonta属)是已绝灭的最著名的冰期动物之一。然而,披毛犀的早期记录只有少量材料来自几个约1.7MaBP的中国地点。本项研究从甘肃临夏盆地最早的黄土沉积中发现一个带下颌骨的完整披毛犀头骨和一个具乳齿列的幼年头骨,古地磁年龄测定约为2.5MaBP,是世界上目前发现的最早的披毛犀遗存,将披毛犀的历史向前推进了0.8Ma。这一发现对了解披毛犀的早期进化具有重要意义,因为其进步的特征显示Coelodonta属至少在上新世就已经从真犀族中分离出来。这些Coelodonta属的化石发现于代表干冷气候条件的黄土中,应是大冰期出现和青藏高原隆升所引起的结果。披毛犀起源于华北地区,在更新世时期广泛地扩散到欧亚大陆北部。 相似文献
7.
文章对小孤山崩塌的发育、分布特征进行了分析,并对崩塌的类型进行了划分,采用赤平投影法与极限平衡法进行定性与定量分析计算后,判断其崩塌(危岩体)均处于欠稳定或不稳定状态,需进行工程治理,提出了防治原则和治理措施建议. 相似文献
8.
9.
甘肃临夏盆地发现己知最早的披毛犀化石 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
披毛犀(Coelodonta属)是已绝灭的最著名的冰期动物之一：然而，披毛犀的早期记录只有少量材料来自几个约1．7Ma BP的中国地点。本项研究从甘肃临夏盆地最早的黄土沉积中发现一个带下颌骨的完整披毛犀头骨和一个具乳齿列的幼年头骨，古地磁年龄测定约为2．5MaBP，是世界上目前发现的最早的披毛犀遗存，将披毛犀的历史向前推进了o．8Ma。这一发现对了解披毛犀的早期进化具有重要意义，因为其进步的特征显示Coelodonta属至少在上新世就已经从真犀族中分离出来。这些Coelodonta属的化石发现代表干冷气候条件的黄土中，应是大冰期出现和青藏高原隆升所引起的结果。披毛犀起源于华北地区，在更新世时期广泛地扩散到欧亚大陆北部。 相似文献
10.
1999年岫岩Ms5.4级地震前震、主震、余震应变异常特征的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
能否捕捉到临震前兆信息在相当程度上依赖于观测技术的进步。营口地震台连续记录的SW应变监测仪在辽宁岫岩Ms5 .4级地震中获取的资料表明 ,岫岩地震主震前的前震序列在受力加载中发震 ,震后呈现出继续受力加载状态 ;主震后的余震序列呈现出卸载状态下发震 ;在临近地震主破裂时应变方向和幅值的变化尤为明显。(1)岫岩地震序列概述 :1999年 11月 2 9日中国辽宁省岫岩发生了Ms5 .4级地震 ,震中位于 4 0°32′N ,12 1°4 8′E。该地震发生在 1975年海城 7.3级地震余震区东南端的延长线上。 1999年 11月 9日岫岩地区开始出现前震序列 ,震中分… 相似文献
11.
Cold-adapted large mammal populations spread southward during the coldest and driest phases of the Late Pleistocene reaching the Iberian Peninsula. Presence of woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) can be identified from 23 Iberian sites, which is compiled and analyzed herein, and the fossil specimens from seven of these sites are described here for first time.Morphological and biometrical analyses demonstrate that the Iberian woolly rhinoceros did not significantly differ from individuals of other European populations, but represent the westernmost part of a continuous Eurasian belt of distribution.The first presence of woolly rhino in the Iberian Peninsula has been identified during the late Middle Pleistocene and early Late Pleistocene. However, the highest abundance of this species is recorded during MIS 3 and 2. The latest Iberian occurrences can be dated around 20 ka BP. The presence of woolly rhinoceros in the Iberian Peninsula correlates with periods of extreme dry and cold climatic conditions documented in Iberian terrestrial and marine sediment sequences.From a palaeobiogeographic point of view, the maximum southern spread of C. antiquitatis on the Iberian Peninsula was registered during the late Middle Pleistocene or early Late Pleistocene, reaching the latitude of Madrid (about 40°N). Subsequently, during MIS 3 and 2, all Iberian finds were restricted to the Northern regions of Iberia (Cantabrian area and Catalonia). The southern expansion of C. antiquitatis during the Late Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula reached similar latitudes to other Eurasian regions.The ecological composition of fossil assemblages with presence of woolly rhinoceros was statistically analyzed. Results show that temperate ungulate species are predominant at Iberian assemblages, resulting in a particular mixture of temperate and cold elements different of the typical Eurasian cold-adapted faunal associations. This particular situation suggests two possible explanations: a) Eventual migrations during the coldest time spans, resulting in a mixing of cold and temperate faunas, instead a faunal replacing; b) Persistence of woolly rhinoceros populations in the Iberian Peninsula during interglacial episodes confined at cryptic southern refugia. 相似文献
12.
YAROSLAV V. KUZMIN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2010,39(2):247-261
Kuzmin, Y. V. 2009: Extinction of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) in Eurasia: Review of chronological and environmental issues. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00122.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. The current evidence for date and environmental preferences of the extinction of two middle–late Pleistocene megafaunal species, the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius Blum.) and woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blum.), is presented in this review. It is suggested that extinction of these large herbivores in Eurasia was closely related to landscape changes near the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary (c. 12 000–9000 uncalibrated radiocarbon years ago, yr BP), mainly involving the widespread forest formations in the temperate and arctic regions of northern Eurasia and the loss of grasslands crucial to the existence of woolly mammoth and rhinoceros. However, some woolly mammoth populations survived well into the Holocene (up to c. 3700 yr BP), showing that the process of final extinction was fairly complex, with delays in some regions of up to several millennia. The possible role of Palaeolithic humans in the extinction of Late Pleistocene megafauna is also considered. 相似文献
13.
Roger M. Jacobi James Rose Alison MacLeod Thomas F.G. Higham 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2551-2556
Woolly rhinoceros bones, from a number of sites in Britain, have been AMS radiocarbon dated following ultrafiltration pre-treatment. These determinations give a coherent set of ages between >50 and c. 35 cal ka BP. The youngest (35,864–34,765 cal BP) come from the area around Bishopbriggs in western central Scotland and are derived from glaciofluvial sand and gravel overlain by till, both deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glaciation. A previous radiocarbon date from the site suggested that woolly rhinoceros lived c. 27 14C ka BP and the region was ice-free at the time. This date has had significant influence on the timing of extinction of woolly rhinoceros and the onset of glaciation over Britain during the LGM. The new dates revise this earlier determination and confirm that woolly rhinoceros became extinct in Britain after c. 35 cal ka BP, that central Scotland was ice-free at this time, and glaciation extended across this region sometime after 35 cal ka BP. 相似文献
14.
A pre-Ipswichian cold stage mammalian fauna from the Balderton Sand and Gravel,Lincolnshire, England
The Balderton Sand and Gravel has yielded one of very few mammalian faunas dated to the penultimate Cold Stage in Britain. The assemblage is dominated by mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, with subordinate horse, red deer, bison, straight-tusked elephant, musk ox, reindeer, wolf, lion, brown bear and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros. This fauna indicates cold stage conditions, probably including one or more interstadial episodes. The presence of straight-tusked elephant and cf. narrow-nosed rhinoceros supports its pre-Devensian age, and provides corroboration for the occurrence of these taxa in the British Wolstonian. An attempt is made to analyse the fossil collection by preservation type and adhering sediment: the occurrence of individual species appears to be largely uncorrelated with lithology. The Balderton assemblage corresponds well to other British mammal faunas assigned to a cold interval between the Hoxnian and Ipswichian Interglacials. 相似文献
15.
犀类是我国华南地区更新世地层中最为常见的化石哺乳动物类群之一。本文对广西崇左三合大洞中发现的犀牛化石材料进行了形态特征描述,并与我国华南地区第四纪相关属种以及东南亚地区所发现的化石和现生种进行了比较,从牙齿形态特征和大小等方面来看,认为三合大洞中的标本应该归入爪哇犀(Rhinoceros sondaicus)。此次所发现的爪哇犀(Rhinoceros sondaicus)化石根据相关文献记录,应该是爪哇犀化石在我国更新世地层中的首次报道,并且是我国有关爪哇犀的最早记录。形态学研究表明,该地区早更新世早期的扶绥岩亮洞、鲤鱼山百孔洞以及泊岳山巨猿洞发现的扶绥犀(Rhinoceros fusuiensis)可能是爪哇犀的直接祖先。三合大洞中爪哇犀的发现进一步丰富了我国华南地区独角犀的种类,填补了该种类在我国更新世地层中缺乏化石记录的空白。 相似文献
16.
Guilian Sheng Lianjuan Wu Xindong Hou Junxia Yuan Shenghong Cheng Bojian Zhong Xulong Lai 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(1):100-106
The evolution of Elephantidae has been intensively studied in the past few years, especially after 2006. The molecular approaches
have made great contribution to the assumption that the extinct woolly mammoth has a close relationship with the Asian elephant
instead of the African elephant. In this study, partial ancient DNA sequences of cytochrome b (cyt b) gene in mitochondrial genome were successfully retrieved from Late Pleistocene Mammuthus primigenius bones collected from Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. Both the partial and complete homologous cyt b gene sequences and the whole mitochondrial genome sequences extracted from GenBank were aligned and used as datasets for
phylogenetic analyses. All of the phylogenetic trees, based on either the partial or the complete cyt b gene, reject the relationship constructed by the whole mitochondrial genome, showing the occurrence of an effect of sequence
length of cyt b gene on mammoth phylogenetic analyses. 相似文献
17.
Sergey L. Vartanyan Khikmat A. Arslanov Juha A. Karhu Gran Possnert Leopold D. Sulerzhitsky 《Quaternary Research》2008,70(1):51-59
We present and discuss a full list of radiocarbon dates for woolly mammoth and other species of the Mammoth fauna available from Wrangel Island, northeast Siberia, Russia. Most of the radiocarbon dates are published here for the first time. Of the124 radiocarbon dates on mammoth bone, 106 fall between 3700 and 9000 yr ago. We believe these dates bracket the period of mammoth isolation on Wrangel Island and their ultimate extinction, which we attribute to natural causes. The absence of dates between 9–12 ka probably indicates a period when mammoths were absent from Wrangel Island. Long bone dimensions of Holocene mammoths from Wrangel Island indicate that these animals were comparable in size to those on the mainland; although they were not large animals, neither can they be classified as dwarfs. Occurrence of mammoth Holocene refugia on the mainland is suggested. Based on other species of the Mammoth fauna that have also been radiocarbon on Wrangel Island, including horse, bison, musk ox and woolly rhinoceros, it appears that the mammoth was the only species of that fauna that inhabited Wrangel Island in the mid-Holocene. 相似文献
18.
Gennady G. Boeskorov Peter A. Lazarev Andrei V. Sher Sergei P. Davydov Nadezhda T. Bakulina Marina V. Shchelchkova Jonas Binladen Eske Willerslev Bernard Buigues Alexey N. Tikhonov 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(17-18):2262-2272
A nearly complete frozen mummy of a woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blum., 1799) was discovered in a gold mine on the lower reaches of the Kolyma River, north–eastern Siberia. This is the first find of the whole body of woolly rhino in permafrost. A large part of the mummified body was preserved, including the left part of the body, covered by skin, including skin of the head and ear, fore and hind legs. The skull with 2 horns and the lower jaw were also preserved. Most of the internal organs were lost, except the intestines, stomach, and their contents. A rib fragment from this individual was dated by AMS-radiocarbon method to 39,140 ± 390 years BP (OxA-18755). Spore and pollen analyses of the stomach contents indicate that grasses and sagebrushes formed the main part of the diet of C. antiquitatis in this region of Arctic Siberia. 相似文献
19.
The Balderton Terrace marks a former course of the River Trent between Newark and the Lincoln Gap. The principal deposit, the Balderton Sand and Gravel, is interpreted as a braided river sediment. Ice wedge casts truncated by intraformational erosion surfaces at many levels indicate syndepositional permafrost. Remnant cover deposits overlying the Balderton Sand and Gravel include the partly aeolian Whisby Sand. Locally, both the upper part of the Balderton Sand and Gravel and the cover deposits exhibit features indicative of temperate climate pedogenesis. All these deposits are affected by subsequent cryoturbation. On the basis of these features and the geomorphological and topographical relationship to other terrace deposits of the area, the Balderton Sand and Gravel and Whisby Sand are regarded as post-Hoxnian and pre-lpswichian, i.e. Wolstonian. Electron spin resonance age determinations for fossil elephant teeth and amino acid analyses on molluscs from the Balderton Sand and Gravel suggest correlation with Oxygen Isotope Stage 6. The Balderton Sand and Gravel has yielded a cold-climate mammalian fauna dominated by woolly mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, though rarer species suggest periods of milder climate. Silts from channels near the base of the deposit have produced pollen, mollusc, ostracod and beetle assemblages also indicating a cold climate. 相似文献
20.
Claire Workman Love Dalen Sergey Vartanyan Beth Shapiro Pavel Kosintsev Andrei Sher Anders Gotherstrom Ian Barnes 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(17-18):2304-2308
Patterns in the spatial or temporal distribution of genotypes may be indicative of natural selection. Previous work on the woolly mammoth melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r) gene identified three polymorphic positions that suggest Pleistocene populations may have harboured both light- and dark-haired mammoths (Rompler et al., 2006, 313: 62). Here, we extend this work and present the first population-level analysis of a functional gene in an extinct species. We genotyped the Mc1r gene in 47 woolly mammoth samples excavated from sites across the central portion of the woolly mammoths’ former range to examine the extent of variation of this polymorphism through time and across space. Only one individual was found to be heterozygous, indicating that the frequency of the ‘light’ mutant allele was very low. We conclude that light-coloured woolly mammoths would have been very rare, and may even have been non-existent if the ‘light’ mutant allele was strongly selected against in its homozygotic form. With the increasing availability of large-scale sequencing technologies, population-level datasets capable of identifying local adaptation will become increasingly attainable. 相似文献