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Sun Bing Yang Haowei Zeng Sheng Luo Yu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(11):5577-5591
The effect law of deformation and failure of a jointed rock mass is essential for underground engineering safety and stability evaluation. In order to study the evolution mechanism and precursory characteristics of instability and failure of jointed rock masses, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) tests are conducted on sandstones with different joint dip angles. To simulate the mechanical behavior of the rock, a jointed rock mass damage constitutive model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on damage mechanics theory and taking into account the effect of rock mass structure and load coupling. To quantify the mechanism of rock instability, a cusp catastrophe model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on catastrophe theory. The results indicate that when the joint dip angle increases from 0° to 90°, the failure mechanism of sandstone shifts from tensile to shear, with 45° being the critical failure mode. Sandstone's compressive strength reduces initially and subsequently increases, resulting in a U-shaped distribution. The developed damage constitutive model's theoretical curve closely matches the test curve, indicating that the model can reasonably describe the damage evolution of sandstone. The cusp catastrophe model has a high forecast accuracy, and when combined with the damage constitutive model, the prediction accuracy can be increased further. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the safety and stability evaluation of underground engineering.
相似文献2.
目前损伤力学已被认为是研究节理岩体力学行为的有效工具,但是在目前的节理岩体损伤变量定义中大多仅考虑节理几何特征而未考虑节理内摩擦角等力学参数,这显然不能很好地反映节理岩体的力学特征。为此,拟推导出一个能够综合考虑节理几何及力学参数的损伤变量（张量）,并由此建立单轴压缩荷载下岩体损伤本构模型。首先,基于断裂力学的由于单个节理存在引起的附加应变能增量与损伤力学的损伤应变能释放量相关联的观点,推导出了含非贯通节理岩体的损伤变量计算公式;其次,根据断裂力学理论对单轴压缩荷载下的单个节理尖端应力强度因子计算方法进行了研究,得出了应力强度因子KⅠ、KⅡ的计算公式;同时考虑多节理间的相互作用给出了单组单排及多排非贯通节理应力强度因子计算公式。最后,利用该模型对含单条非贯通节理的岩体在单轴压缩荷载作用下的峰值强度及损伤变量进行了分析计算。结果表明,当节理倾角小于其内摩擦角时,岩体强度与完整岩石相同,岩体损伤为零,而后随着节理倾角增加,岩体强度、损伤随节理倾角的变化分别呈开口向上及向下的抛物线,当节理倾角约为60°时,岩体损伤最大,强度最低。随着节理长度增加,岩体损伤增加,而随着节理内摩擦角的增加,岩体损伤则减小。 相似文献
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基于连续介质损伤力学框架,通过损伤张量和有效应力来描述节理岩体的力学性能,自主研发了基于损伤力学模型的有限元程序（CD-FEM）,用于节理岩体等效力学性能研究。同时,采用Karhunen-Loeve（K-L）展开来分解随机输入场,用混沌多项式来表示随机输出场,采用概率配点法生成配点,再由连续损伤有限元分析系统CD-FEM求解确定性方程组,最终得到输出域的统计数据,从而提出了一种将随机分析与基于连续损伤力学模型的数值分析方法解耦进行节理岩体不确定性力学行为分析的方法。利用该方法,对一典型节理岩体在加载条件下的力学行为进行不确定性分析,并与蒙特卡罗方法进行对比,结果表明,所提方法的计算量大大减少,极大地提高了节理岩体力学性能不确定性分析的效率,可应用于对节理岩体在不同载荷条件下的不确定性进行分析。 相似文献
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针对工程实际中断续节理裂隙岩体的损伤本构模型,假设岩石微元强度服从Weibull随机分布,以摩尔-库仑破坏准则作为描述微元强度的表示方法,推导出细观损伤变量。利用能量和断裂力学理论,综合考虑节理几何特征及力学特性,推导宏观损伤变量计算公式。基于Lemaitre应变等效假设,考虑宏细观缺陷耦合作用,推导出复合损伤变量,建立了基于摩尔-库仑准则的宏细观缺陷耦合作用的断续裂隙岩体损伤本构模型。研究结果表明：（1）采用摩尔-库仑准则作为描述微元强度的统计分布变量建立的损伤模型能够较好地反映岩石内部缺陷分布和变形特征,该模型真实地反映岩石微元强度受应力状态的影响。（2）该模型建立的理论曲线与断续节理岩体的试验曲线吻合较好。（3）节理裂隙岩体宏观损伤变量及峰值强度随节理倾角的变化规律与综合考虑宏细观耦合作用下的损伤变量及裂隙岩体峰值强度随节理倾角的变化规律基本一致。（4）宏细观耦合作用下的等效弹性模量与节理贯通率呈非线性负相关;在节理倾角一定的情况下,损伤变量与节理长度呈非线性正相关;在贯通率较小时,岩体的宏观损伤变量与内摩擦角的关系呈线性负相关变化,贯通率达到一定程度,线性关系变成非线性关系。 相似文献
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柱状节理岩体原位变形试验力学浅析与模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在白鹤滩坝址区柱状节理岩体原位变形试验成果的基础上,针对节理刚度的取值进行讨论,利用柔性中心孔试验值反算得到柱状节理岩体节理面刚度值。岩体变形是由岩块和节理两部分组成,分析含单节理岩体概念模型的单轴加、卸载规律性和其变形特性,发现其滞回特性是节理力学行为造成的;推导得到了岩体变形计算公式,可用于多组相交节理岩体等效弹性模量的计算,能够反映出节理岩体的各向异性特征;建立了柱状节理随机模型,采用离散元方法和反算的刚度值进行了仿真分析,得到等效变形参数在试验结果范围内。 相似文献
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基于运用霍普金森压杆（SHPB）装置对节理岩体动载试验得出的数据,从节理面倾角、贯通度、厚度、组数、填充物及应变率等不同方面分析各因素对节理岩体力学特性的影响,通过对节理岩体在高应变率下的损伤机制和破坏形式进行分析的基础上,基于复合损伤理论,对广义Bingham模型进行改进,构造了节理岩体材料在不同应变率下动态响应的本构模型,对模型计算和试验结果的比较表明,该模型能够很好地描述节理岩体动荷载下初始弹性变形阶段、稳态塑性变形阶段和加速变形破坏阶段的应力-应变关系,并且理论与试验结果吻合较好,从而证明了该模型的正确性和合理性。 相似文献
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Microplane damage model for jointed rock masses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The paper presents a new microplane constitutive model for the inelastic behavior of jointed rock masses that takes into account the mechanical behavior and geometric characteristics of cracks and joints. The basic idea is that the microplane modeling of rock masses under general triaxial loading, including compression, requires the isotropic rock matrix and the joints to be considered as two distinct phases coupled in parallel. A joint continuity factor is defined as a microplane damage variable to represent the stress‐carrying area fraction of the joint phase. Based on the assumption of parallel coupling between the rock joint and the rock matrix, the overall mechanical behavior of the rock is characterized by microplane constitutive laws for the rock matrix and for the rock joints, along with an evolution law for the microplane joint continuity factor. The inelastic response of the rock matrix and the rock joints is controlled on the microplane level by the stress–strain boundaries. Based on the arguments enunciated in developing the new microplane model M7 for concrete, the previously used volumetric–deviatoric splits of the elastic strains and of the tensile boundary are avoided. The boundaries are tensile normal, compressive normal, and shear. The numerical simulations demonstrate satisfactory fits of published triaxial test data on sandstone and on jointed plaster mortar, including quintessential features such as the strain softening and dilatancy under low confining pressure, as well as the brittle–ductile transition under higher confining pressure, and the decrease of jointed rock strength and Young's modulus with an increasing dip angle of the joint. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In nature, there exist several forms of anisotropy in rock masses due to the presence of bedding planes, joints, and weak layers. It is well understood that the anisotropic properties of jointed rock masses significantly affect the stability of surface and underground excavations. However, these critical anisotropic characteristics are often ignored in existing uniaxial dynamic failure criteria. This study investigates the effect of a pre-existing persistent joint on the rate-dependent mechanical behaviours of a rock mass using a particle mechanics approach, namely, bonded particle model (BPM), to realistically replicate the mechanical response of the rock mass. Firstly, in order to capture the rate-dependent response of the jointed rock mass, the BPM model is validated using published experimental data. Then, a dynamic strength model is proposed based on the Jaeger criterion and simulation results. To further investigate the dynamic behaviours, the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for anisotropic rock masses with various joint orientations is investigated by subjecting the BPM models to uniaxial compression numerical tests with various strain rate. The proposed dynamic strength model is validated based on numerical simulation results. Finally, the fragmentation characteristics of the jointed rock masses are analysed, which demonstrate that the failure mode affects the dynamic UCS. This is further confirmed by the analysis of the orientations of microscopic cracks generated by the compression loading. 相似文献
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含充填节理岩体相似材料试件单轴压缩试验及断裂损伤研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了单轴压缩条件下裂隙含充填与否对节理岩体力学性能的影响。以相似材料模拟脆性岩石材料制作含预置裂隙试件,在刚性试验机上对试件进行单轴压缩试验,研究了裂隙充填与否对节理岩体强度峰值及峰后塑性变形能力的影响;用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行断裂及损伤分析,研究了裂隙充填与否对节理岩体应力强度因子及损伤因子的影响。研究表明,在单轴压缩情况下,裂隙中含充填与不含充填相比,裂隙含充填岩体峰值强度提高、峰后塑性变形能力增强、总应变能释放率Gc降低,增大了节理岩体抵抗开裂的能力;裂隙含充填岩体环向拉应力场从分布区域及峰值都小于无充填裂隙试件;在同样外荷载作用下,裂隙含充填岩体损伤度小于无充填岩体。 相似文献
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实际工程中,岩体的应力变化状态非常复杂,并不只是简单的加载或者卸荷,如水利工程中的大坝,当坝基开挖时其力学条件主要表现为开挖方向的卸荷(其他方向有可能卸荷,也有可能加载),而坝体修筑以后,力学条件又主要表现为加载。因此,对卸荷损伤后的岩体再次加载时的力学性质进行研究具有十分重要的工程意义。通过三轴卸荷及卸荷损伤后加载破坏试验,研究了不同围压下,含断续预制节理岩体经过不同程度卸荷损伤后再次加载时的力学特性。研究结果表明:围压对于含断续节理岩体变形模量影响不明显,岩体弹性模量与围压没有明显关系,相同围压下节理岩体弹性模量和变形模量均显著低于完整岩体:节理岩样峰值应变随着围压的增大线性增大,二者之间有较好的相关性,相比于完整岩样,节理岩体峰值应变随围压增大增长更快:围压越低,卸荷对岩体强度的影响越大,随着围压增加,卸荷量不同造成岩样的损伤差异逐渐减小。 相似文献
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为探究深部岩体在爆破、开挖等扰动荷载下的力学特性,开展锚固岩体在蠕变-疲劳荷载下的室内试验,并进一步探究其能量演化规律。结果表明:（1）在疲劳荷载作用下,加锚节理岩体比无锚条件下的滞回环面积小,在施加预应力时,其滞回环面积又大幅度减少,说明加锚预应力能有效降低其能量损耗;（2）岩石强度越高,其滞回环面积越小,对应的能量耗散越小,反之能量耗散大;（3）对比不同加卸载速率可知:在每一级循环荷载过程中,加卸载速率越大其对应的应变值、切线斜率就越大。考虑加卸载速率对节理岩体劣化作用,依据应变等价原理,得出节理岩体峰值损伤本构方程,并通过试验验证模型的准确性,为深部岩体结构支护提供思路。 相似文献
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白鹤滩柱状节理岩体真三轴模型试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在柱状节理玄武岩工程地质调查、现场精细结构描述等工作基础上,开展了柱状节理玄武岩体的脆性材料模型真三轴物理模拟试验。研究了复合柱状岩体在不同卸荷-加载应力途径下的破裂、破坏机制及不同方向三轴主应力作用下的应力-应变关系及其强度特性;开展的8种不同应力比和6种不同受力方向下各向异性试验结果表明,柱状节理玄武岩体强度、变形特征受三向不等围压和柱状节理特性影响明显,强度变形的各向异性特征显著。试验结果表明,应力比 对试样的强度、变形和破坏模式具有控制作用,随着应力比的变化,试样的极限强度呈现分段特性;较小应力比下试样的变形和破坏模式受应力比和原生节理的共同影响;较大的应力比对试样的变形和破坏模式的影响比原生节理的影响显著;随着应力比的增大,中主应力由约束侧向变形变为主动加载,这一作用的变化影响了极限荷载和破坏模式。 相似文献
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An anisotropic geomechanical model for jointed rock mass is presented. Simultaneously with deriving the orthotropic anisotropy elastic parameters along the positive axis, the equivalent compliance matrix for the deflection axis orthotropic anisotropy was derived through a three-dimensional coordinate transformation. In addition, Singh’s analysis of the stress concentration effects of intermittent joints was adopted, based on two groups of intermittent joints and a set of cross-cutting joints in the jointed rock mass. The stress concentration effects caused by intermittent joints and the coupling effect of cross-cutting joints along the deflection-axis are also considered. The proposed anisotropic mechanics parameters method is applied to determine the deformation parameters of jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station. Combined with the deterministic mechanical parameters of rock blocks and joints, the deformation parameters and their variability in jointed rock masses are estimated quantitatively. The computed results show that jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station exhibits typical anisotropic mechanical characteristics; the elastic moduli in the two horizontal directions were similar, but the elastic modulus in the vertical direction was much greater. Jointed rock elastic moduli in the two horizontal and vertical directions were respectively about 24% and 37% of the core of rock, showing weakly orthotropic anisotropy; the ratio of elastic moduli in the vertical and horizontal directions was 1.53, clearly indicating the transversely isotropic rock mass mechanical characteristics. The method can be popularized to solve other rock mechanics problems in nuclear power engineering. 相似文献
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针对目前节理岩体损伤本构模型中仅考虑节理等宏观缺陷造成的损伤,而没有考虑岩块中微裂纹等微观损伤的不足,提出了综合考虑宏微观损伤的节理岩体本构模型。其中微观损伤模型采用基于应变强度理论和岩石微元强度服从Weibull分布假定的统计损伤模型,把其应用于被节理切割而成的岩块。而宏观损伤模型主要基于连续介质力学原理,把节理对岩体性质的劣化作为损伤来考虑。在考虑节理传压及传剪系数的基础上,提出了综合考虑宏微观复合损伤的节理岩体本构模型。算例表明宏观节理的存在大大削弱了岩体的强度,降低了其刚度,增大了其柔性。所提出的模型能够较好地反映宏微观两类损伤对岩体应力-应变关系及强度的影响,较为合理。 相似文献
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重大建设项目对施工过程中岩土体稳定性提出了更高的要求,常以一种动态设计施工模式来应对工程体的各类突发状况与病害。流变损伤模型既能反映岩土体在施工过程中变形的时效发展,又能反映其力学性质的时效劣化,继而能较准确地掌握工程体动态稳定性。基于以上考虑,为体现卸载边坡工程在卸载回弹阶段的瞬时塑性特征和时效演化阶段的黏塑性特征,因此,在流变模型中引入加载塑性元件和黏塑性元件,建立了复合黏弹塑（弹-黏-黏弹-黏塑-塑）模型,室内岩石压缩（卸载）蠕变试验证明了该流变模型的合理性,并对其参数进行辨识。在此基础上,从几何研究方法出发,引入反映节理分布的初始损伤张量及一种等效的依据黏塑性偏应变推导出的损伤演化方程,最终建立了一种新型的节理岩体等效流变损伤模型。将此模型用于川东红层某软硬岩互层型路堑边坡的卸载分析,结果表明：随不同的开挖阶段,易损部位（软岩集中段、软岩深埋段、软硬交接硬岩段）在瞬时卸载回弹阶段的塑性损伤和时效演化阶段的黏塑性损伤逐渐积累,边坡浅表部逐渐出现卸载损伤（松弛）带,在损伤累积中边坡各部位蠕变速率呈不同程度的增长。计算结果较好地反映了边坡变形、损伤发展与动态稳定性特征,其研究结果对于指导支护时机及相应的信息化施工具有一定的意义。 相似文献
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节理对卸荷条件下岩体的力学性质有重要影响。通过含2条不同间距预制断续节理岩体的三轴卸荷破坏试验,研究了节理岩体在卸荷应力条件下的应力-应变特征、强度、变形特征、破坏规律及节理间距对岩体力学性质的影响。研究表明：相比于完整岩体,节理岩体卸荷破坏时从峰值强度跌落至残余强度过程中轴向应变较大,为完整岩体的3～4倍,岩体破坏时极限强度明显低于完整岩体,脆性特征不如完整岩体明显;节理岩体卸荷破坏时,变形模量有较大幅度的降低,其降低程度是同条件下完整岩体的6～7倍,节理间距越大,变形模量降低程度越大;与含预制节理岩样三轴加载试验结果相比,节理岩体卸荷条件下破坏程度更为强烈,除剪切破裂面外,沿最大主应力方向分布的不同级别的张性裂隙非常发育,预制节理的间距对岩体破坏形态影响不大。 相似文献
18.
岩体是同时含有宏、细观缺陷的天然损伤地质体,如何更好地反映该两类缺陷对岩体力学特性的共同影响是亟待解决的一个重点和难点问题。采用FLAC3D中的弹脆性模型和Null模型分别描述完整岩石和上述两类缺陷的力学行为,用超细单元剖分计算模型的方法模拟岩体破坏,同时提出一个利用岩石孔隙率反映细观缺陷的新方法,研究细观缺陷即岩石孔隙率、裂隙倾角及长度等对裂隙岩体力学特性的影响。利用该方法研究了上述两类缺陷对岩质边坡临界滑面(CFS)及安全系数(FS)的影响。结果表明,宏观缺陷对岩体单轴压缩破坏模式、峰值强度和弹性模量起控制作用,同时控制岩质边坡的破坏模式和安全系数;尽管细观缺陷并不能改变宏观缺陷对岩体力学行为的控制作用,但其对这种控制作用将产生一定影响,宏细观缺陷以不同的作用机制对岩体力学特性产生影响。 相似文献
19.
节理岩体等效损伤流变模型初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对节理岩体等效损伤流变模型进行了初步研究,假设岩石为各向同性体各向同性损伤,节理面的法向和切向损伤不同,分别建立了岩石和节理面流变损伤演变函数。假设材料无损,计算应力采用有效应力,推导了节理岩体等效损伤流变模型有限元计算公式,编制了相应的有限元程序。算例分析表明,采用的节理岩体等效损伤流变模型是可行的,可较好地反映节理岩体的损伤演变过程。 相似文献
20.
This paper proposes a numerical model for jointed rock masses within the 3‐D numerical manifold method (NMM) framework equipped with a customized contact algorithm. The strength of rock sample containing a few sets of discontinuities is first investigated. The results of models with simple geometries are compared with the available analytical solutions to verify the developed computer code, whereas models with complex geometries are simulated to better understand the fundamental behavior and failure mechanism of jointed rock mass. Furthermore, the stability of jointed rock mass in an underground excavation is studied, where rock failure process is determined by the 3‐D NMM simulation. The simulation results provide valuable guidance on excavation process design and stabilization design in rock engineering practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献