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1.
秦岭-大别-苏鲁印支造山带连接枢纽的形成时代——来自宁陕断裂带同构造花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学的限定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
最新的研究表明,南秦岭勉略缝合带可以经宁陕左行走滑断裂带与大别苏鲁的高压/超高压变质带相连。对于这个模型,两带间的"连接枢纽"—宁陕走滑断层的活动时间是关键问题之一。研究显示宁陕断裂带是南秦岭中的一条走向近E-W的走滑剪切带,早期为左行韧性剪切变形,晚期叠加了左行脆性剪切变形。对带内千糜岩化石英片岩中的两期同构造花岗岩脉的构造地质学、岩石学和锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素研究,获得早期面理化细粒花岗岩的年龄为214.4±1.1Ma(MSWD=1.3),εHf(t)主要集中在-8.58~-0.29之间,tDM2=2.45~1.62Ga;晚期钾长花岗岩脉的年龄212.8±1.6Ma(MSWD=2.1),εHf(t)=-5.79~2.07,tDM2=2.53~1.49Ga。同位素数据表明两期花岗岩脉具有相同的岩浆源区,是古老地壳物质的再循环;晚期钾长花岗岩脉是早期花岗岩演化的产物。两期同构造花岗岩脉年龄的确定,表明宁陕左行走滑断层至少从晚三叠世中期之前就已经开始活动,而不是前人认为的早-中侏罗世或晚三叠末。尤其是宁陕左行走滑断裂带与勉略缝合带具有相同的左行韧性走滑叠加晚期脆性走滑的构造样式和活动时间,表明二者的形成可能都与古特提斯洋的斜向俯冲或者扬子板块的顺时针旋转有关。本研究成果为南秦岭的"古特提斯洋缝合带"——勉略缝合带向东经宁陕断裂带与大陆俯冲和深俯冲形成的耀岭河-桐柏-大别-苏鲁高压/超高压变质带相接提供了关键的年代学证据。 相似文献
2.
桐柏-大别造山带加里东期构造热事件及其意义 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
桐柏－ 大别造山带是多旋回发展的复合造山带,至少有晋宁期、加里东期和印支期三个造山旋回。加里东旋回结束洋壳发展历史,经历了广泛的区域变质作用和局部强烈的高压超高压变质作用,具有划时代意义。桐柏－ 大别造山带加里东期具小洋盆、微古陆、多岛海古地理面貌,总体向北俯冲,最终形成陆 陆碰撞造山带。进一步可划分为三个各具特色的单元：北淮阳构造带是一个板块碰撞混杂带;中间隆起区相当于岛弧性质,但它部分地段曾一度伴随小洋盆俯冲至深处,形成高压超高压变质带;随应褶皱带为大陆裂谷性质,并具某些弧后盆地特征。它们共同构成了大陆造山带复杂的内部结构构造特征。桐柏－ 大别造山带向东被后期的郯庐断裂所截;向西与秦岭造山带相连。通过区域地质和古地磁对比,加里东期秦岭造山带开裂规模更大,蛇绿岩更发育,构成一个向西开口的喇叭形;碰撞时大别造山带先碰,然而逐渐向西迁移 相似文献
3.
中国中央造山带内至少发育两个超高压变质带,一个是南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,超高压峰期变质年龄为早古生代(500～400 Ma),代表扬子与中朝克拉通间的深俯冲和碰撞带;另一个是研究程度较高的大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带,峰期变质年龄主体是三叠纪(250～220 Ma),代表扬子克拉通内部的陆内大陆深俯冲和碰撞带。对东秦岭看丰沟及香坊沟的变质岩片详细岩石学和构造学研究以及先期造山带尺度的构造、岩石和年代学研究资料分析证明,南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,向东不能与大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带的任一部分相连,包括南大别和西北大别超高压及高压变质岩石。相反,大别-苏鲁超高压及高压变质带,向西经桐柏山,横过南襄盆地延伸到南秦岭的西峡及商南一带。仅在东秦岭-大别山范围内,两个超高压变质带分别位于南丹断裂系南北两侧,沿造山带近平行延展,之间被一系列以断裂或剪切带为边界的岩石构造岩片相隔,不能构成横贯中国中部统一的巨型超高压变质带。任何有关中国中央造山带构造格架及构造演化模型的建立,均应考虑其内部发育两个时代和功能不同的超高压变质带。 相似文献
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桐柏高压变质地体:对桐柏-大别-苏鲁高压/超高压变质带构造框架和俯冲/折返机制的制约 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
桐柏造山带位于秦岭造山带和大别-苏鲁造山带之间,是揭示秦岭-桐柏-大别-苏鲁巨型造山带中各地质体之间构造关系及地质演化差异的关键地区。桐柏高压变质地体主要由两个高压岩片(I和II)及其北侧的构造混杂岩带和南侧的蓝片岩-绿片岩带构成。高压岩片I以北、南两条榴辉岩带为代表,构成桐柏山背形构造的两翼,其峰期变质条件分别为530~610℃、1.7~2.0GPa和460~560℃、1.3~1.9GPa。高压岩片II以桐柏杂岩中的变质岩包体为代表,其峰期变质条件推测在<700℃、>1.2GPa的榴辉岩相范围内,而退变质条件为660~700℃、0.80~1.03GPa。U-Pb、Lu-Hf、Rb-Sr和Ar-Ar同位素年代学研究表明,高压岩片I的峰期变质时代为255Ma,冷却至白云母封闭温度的时代为238Ma;而高压岩片II的主期变质作用发生在232~220Ma,作为桐柏杂岩主体的片麻状花岗岩则侵位于140Ma。这说明,高压岩片I和II分属于两个时代不同的俯冲/折返岩片,当高压岩片II被俯冲到地壳深处并经受高压变质时,其上覆的高压岩片I已经折返到中上地壳的水平。这一结果验证了在西大别、东大别和苏鲁地区提出的高压/超高压岩石的穿时(或差异)俯冲/折返模型,同时说明华南大陆地壳最早的俯冲发生在晚二叠世,这也代表华北与华南陆块之间从洋壳俯冲转化为陆壳俯冲的时间。基于桐柏杂岩与北大别杂岩的可比性,认为桐柏高压变质地体相对低温低压的变质环境以及超高压岩石的缺乏缘于华南陆块的俯冲深度向西逐渐变浅,而早白垩世的构造挤出造成了桐柏-大别高压/超高压变质带东宽西窄的构造格局。 相似文献
5.
中国大陆印支碰撞造山系及其造山机制 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
古特提斯洋盆的闭合导致了诸多的微块体于晚三叠世至中侏罗世(T3-J2)碰撞,形成东亚大陆南部巨型印支造山系。中国大陆的印支碰撞造山系呈现巨大的"T"型复合造山系,位于西部的印支造山系(巴颜喀拉-北羌塘-南羌塘-拉萨印支造山带)形成于"多洋盆、多地体、多岛弧"的古特提斯的构造背景,伴随古特提斯多洋盆的俯冲和闭合,产生广泛的岛弧、增生楔和高压变质带的增生造山,以及多地体的碰撞造山作用,形成大型造山拼贴体,伴随以紧闭同劈理褶皱和逆冲、走滑断裂为特征的地壳变形。而位于中东部的印支造山系为北中国与扬子陆块之间的直接碰撞的产物,在扬子被动陆缘之上形成的松潘-甘孜、南秦岭造山带显示深层滑脱为造山机制的大规模地壳上部剪切应变;由于扬子地壳印支期深俯冲(>100km)和山根挤出机制,造成大别-苏鲁造山带中大规模高压-超高压变质带的出露。 相似文献
6.
中国主要高压-超高压变质带的大地构造背景及俯冲/折返机制的探讨 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20
造山带中发现超高压矿物柯石英和金刚石，被认为与洋壳或陆壳岩片的深俯冲(>100km)有关。但探讨这些岩片是如何俯冲和折返的？却是一个极具挑战的难题。目前，中国境内含榴辉岩的高压超高压（HP/UHP）变质带已经发现11条，此外，世界各地发现的高压超高压变质带还有至少20条。高压超高压变质带，特别是中国众多的HP-UHP变质带，在什么特定的大地构造条件中形成？又是在怎样的构造背景下折返而剥露地表？中国大陆上为什么出现众多规模可观的HP-UHP变质带？为什么出现洋壳（深）俯冲与陆壳（深）俯冲不同类型的HP-UHP带？这是本文试探讨的问题。根据中国境内的11条高压/超高压变质带形成时代和区域构造背景，将其分为4类：Ⅰ.始特提斯（早古生代）高压/超高压变质带，包括（1）柴北缘-南阿尔金超高压变质带，（2）北祁连-北阿尔金高压变质带，（3）东秦岭超高压变质带；Ⅱ.古特提斯高压/超高压变质带，包括（4）大别高压/超高压变质带，（5）苏鲁高压/超高压变质带，（6）西藏羌塘高压变质带；（7）西藏松多（超）高压变质带；Ⅲ.新特提斯高压/超高压变质带,包括（8）雅鲁藏布江东构造结南迦巴瓦（超）高压变质带；Ⅳ.古亚洲域南缘高压/超高压变质带，包括（9）新疆西南天山超高压变质带，（10）甘肃北山高压变质带，和（11）冀北高压变质带。中国高压/超高压变质带形成的大地构造背景有洋壳（深）俯冲和陆壳（深）俯冲两大成因类型,认为前者大都与始-古特提斯洋盆中微陆块之间的汇聚碰撞有关；后者为大陆块之间剪式碰撞和撕裂式岩石圈舌形板片深俯冲的产物。由于中国（邻区）大陆是三大陆块与许多小陆块聚集构成的巨大拼合体，小陆块在特提斯洋盆（特别是始、古特提斯洋盆）中的独特位置，使陆块之间的刚性洋盆岩石圈得以（深）俯冲插入小陆块之下。而大陆块之间特殊部位的碰撞为陆壳（深）俯冲创造条件。研究表明，高压/超高压变质岩石和蛇绿岩、混杂堆积、俯冲增生楔一起构成俯冲/折返杂岩带；认为代表印支造山带山根物质的大别-苏鲁高压/超高压俯冲/折返杂岩带，呈面形推覆岩片的构造样式叠置在扬子陆块之上，提出汇聚陆块边缘深部地幔物质折返的“斜向挤出”和“沿岩石圈板片的多层隧道的多重/分片挤出”的两种模式；认为走滑断裂在高压/超高压变质岩石的快速折返中起重要作用，即阿尔金走滑断裂、郯庐走滑断裂和喀喇昆仑走滑断裂，分别制约了阿尔金和祁连山中的南北两条早古生代高压/超高压变质带、大别-苏鲁印支期超高压变质带和喜马拉雅西构造结的喜山期超高压变质带的快速折返。 相似文献
7.
本文重点介绍我国显生宙造山带中麻粒岩的地质特征、岩石类型、P-T轨迹、变质时代及其形成的大地构造背景。我国显生宙造山带主要包括阿尔泰造山带、南天山-西南天山造山带、西昆仑造山带、东昆仑造山带、阿尔金-柴北缘造山带、北秦岭造山带、南秦岭勉略造山带、东秦岭-桐柏-大别造山带、班公湖-怒江造山带和喜马拉雅中东段造山带。这些造山带中麻粒岩的围岩有许多为蛇绿岩套或蛇绿混杂岩带,部分为副片麻岩和花岗质片麻岩,并一起经历了麻粒岩相变质改造,造山带中大多出现一种高压麻粒岩,有的与榴辉岩并存,但少数造山带中(例如阿尔泰造山带)多种压力类型麻粒岩并存,既有低-高压泥质麻粒岩、中低压基性麻粒岩、高压基性和长英质麻粒岩,又有高温-超高温泥质麻粒岩。变质时代除个别为新元古代晚期外,变质时间多为加里东、海西、印支、燕山、喜山期。麻粒岩的P-T轨迹除西天山木札尔特河低压麻粒岩具逆时针轨迹,反映大陆弧构造环境外,其它都是具有等温降压(ITC)特点的顺时针轨迹,形成的大地构造环境大部分为洋陆俯冲碰撞环境,少部分为陆-陆碰撞环境。目前显生宙造山带中麻粒岩的研究大多数尚在起步阶段,少数研究较详细,不少造山带中麻粒岩的类型和变质时代以及形成的构造背景还不清楚,有待深入研究,新的麻粒岩产地有待发现。 相似文献
8.
根据已有资料探讨了桐柏造山带与西大别造山带的对比。桐柏造山带由6个构造单元组成,西大别造山带可划分为10个构造单元。两个造山带北部的5个构造单元可以完全对比,并可恢复为华北板块南缘的古生代活动性大陆边缘,表明桐柏与西大别曾共同经历扬子板块古生代的俯冲。再向南,熊店—浒湾韧性剪切带中的熊店榴辉岩意味着古生代高压变质作用的存在,但不能划定明确的分布范围和构造单元。而其他中生代高压—超高压岩石以带状和穹窿状分布,在桐柏和西大别地区占据中生代造山带的主体部分,构成可以对比的线状和穹窿状构造单元。桐柏与西大别造山带的结构都是由北部古生代弧陆碰撞造山带和南部中生代高压—超高压折返形成的造山带拼合而成,因此两者都具有古生代和中生代多期造山带的特点。从构造单元和演化阶段方面分析,两个造山带是可以对比的。 相似文献
9.
西秦岭勉略带陆内构造变形研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
秦岭造山带勉略缝合带是古特提斯洋盆向北俯冲形成的华北与华南最后拼接带。这个主缝合带俯冲-碰撞过程中以由北向南的一系列韧性逆冲推覆构造为特征,形成由前泥盆系、泥盆-石炭系和蛇绿混杂岩等不同构造岩片叠置的复杂构造带,碰撞时代从245Ma一直延续到230Ma左右。最近,作者对勉略缝合带内发育的韧性和脆性左行走滑剪切变形进行了研究,结果表明这些顺造山带的左行韧性走滑剪切变形带的变形时代为223±2Ma,与碰撞后花岗岩所确定的碰撞后构造环境的起始时间(225Ma)一致,显示这些韧性走滑剪切变形带是勉略带陆内变形初期变形产物。亦即华北、扬子大陆碰撞之后很快就转入陆内变形阶段,并且是以顺造山带的侧向走滑位移为主要变形方式。勉略带内顺造山带的脆性左行走滑断层的发育,表明这种顺造山带的侧向位移过程从深部到地壳浅层是一致的。因此,大陆碰撞在直接碰撞之后很快转变为顺造山带的侧向走滑位移为主的陆内变形,这种位移可能表现为两个大陆碰撞后的相对走滑,或是碰撞带中强烈变形部分顺造山带的侧向挤出,从而消减了正向碰撞所造成的地壳缩短和增厚。 相似文献
10.
中国中央造山系是由亲劳亚的北方陆块群、亲冈瓦纳的南方陆块群及其间大量过渡性微陆块历经复杂拼合而成的复合型造山带，是中国大陆完成主体拼合的构造结合带。中央造山系自西而东包括昆仑造山带、祁连造山带和秦岭- 大别造山带，保存了古生代—早中生代时期华北、华南、柴达木、塔里木、羌塘等众多大小陆块造山过程的丰富信息，是研究东特提斯构造域原、古特提斯洋构造演化的重要窗口。本文综述了中央造山系地质、地球化学和高精度年代学等多学科研究成果，得到以下主要认识：① 550 Ma之前，众多大小陆块孤立散布于原特提斯洋；② 541~485 Ma，原特提斯洋各分支开始俯冲；③ 485~444 Ma，原特提斯洋持续俯冲，导致秦岭二郎坪弧后盆地、昆仑祁漫塔格弧后盆地打开；④ 444~420 Ma，原特提斯北祁连洋、南祁连洋和商丹洋闭合，昆仑祁漫塔格弧后盆地关闭；⑤ 420~300 Ma，昆仑地区古特提斯洋继承原特提斯洋，古特提斯勉略洋逐步扩张；⑥ 300~250 Ma，昆仑洋自阿其克库勒湖- 昆中缝合带向木孜塔格- 布青山- 阿尼玛卿缝合带发生俯冲后撤；⑦ 250~200 Ma，原- 古特提斯昆仑洋、古特提斯勉略洋关闭；⑧ 200 Ma以来，中央造山系转入陆内造山阶段。 相似文献
11.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
12.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
13.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
14.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究，从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较，找出一种较为理想的混凝剂，并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素，确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。 相似文献
16.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
17.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。 相似文献
18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献
19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a
state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m
rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much
of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets
on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing
climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes
in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course
of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely
followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of
insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and
ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and
less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal.
Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes
for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the
beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity
has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million
years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century.
The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently,
and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations
in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is
unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial
“icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3
plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of
the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we
must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of
the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates.
Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997 相似文献
20.
Encarnación Puga Martim Portugal Antonio Diaz De Federico Giuseppe M. Bargossi Lauro Morten 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):253-266
AbstractThe Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards. 相似文献