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1.
青藏高原巨厚地壳：生长、加厚与演化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
大陆地壳约占地表面积的40%, 其成因与生长, 是一个关乎人类生存和资源供给的基础地学问题。人们普遍认为, 大洋俯冲通过岛弧拼贴和幔源岩浆底侵形成造山带新生陆壳，大陆碰撞过程只对现存地壳进行再造，不产生新生地壳。青藏高原经历古/新特提斯大洋俯冲和印 亚大陆强烈碰撞, 拥有全球最厚的陆壳(65~80km), 是研究大陆地壳的形成、生长、加厚、演化与保存的天然实验室。我们研究表明, 古/新特提斯大洋的相继俯冲消减, 产生多期次的幔源镁铁质弧岩浆(270~66Ma), 在弧地壳下部底侵和上部侵位, 导致地壳侧向加积和垂向生长并加厚约10km。在同(软)碰撞期(65~41Ma), 印度大陆岩石圈俯冲导致俯冲前缘的洋壳板片回转和断离, 诱发软流圈地幔熔融及其幔源岩浆上升侵位, 在冈底斯碰撞带形成新生地壳, 并导致地壳加厚6~9km。在晚(硬)碰撞期(40~26Ma), 冈底斯碰撞造山带内不同地壳块体(地体)间发生逆冲叠覆, 导致中深层次地壳缩短加厚10~20km; 在碰撞带的后陆区, 印度大陆岩石圈地幔俯冲诱发软流圈沿地幔通道上涌, 侵蚀和吞噬地幔岩石圈, 并诱发其部分熔融, 向地壳注入大量幔源镁铁质岩浆, 形成新生地壳, 维持高原生长。在后碰撞期(<25Ma), 碰撞带和后陆区均发生地壳伸展与有限减薄, 伴有新生地幔组分少量注入和高原陆表强烈剥蚀。粗略估计：形成并保存于大陆碰撞造山带的新生地壳量占整个陆壳的28%, 大洋俯冲与大陆碰撞分别为青藏高原贡献了75%和25%的新生地壳。我们提出, 青藏高原巨厚地壳的形成发育, 实际上是幔源岩浆向地壳注入添加与中下地壳缩短加厚连续或交互作用的结果。伴随大洋俯冲与大陆碰撞, 巨厚地壳物质组成发生以新生地壳形成和古老地壳再造为特征的动态演变。镁铁质新生下地壳的大规模重熔与长英质岩浆大量侵位可能是巨厚地壳长英质化的主要机制。 相似文献
2.
中昆仑北部地区构造地层学初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
中昆仑北部造山带可分为 5个构造地层区 :白干湖、求勉雷克、大九坝、祁漫塔格南缘和祁漫塔格北缘。白干湖和求勉雷克构造地层区出露前寒武纪变质结晶基底 ;早古生代期间 ,祁漫塔格洋沿鸭子泉—阿特阿特坎河断裂向北西俯冲碰撞 ,在祁漫塔格北缘沉积了古海沟岛弧浊积岩、晚泥盆世蛇绿混杂岩 ,在祁漫塔格南缘被动大陆边缘上发育晚泥盆世前陆磨拉石沉积 ;晚古生代早期 ,昆中求勉雷克地区简单剪切滑覆 ,在祁漫塔格南、北缘形成浅海相沉积 ,而大九坝地区由于断层高角度伸展 ,沉积了一套海相碳酸盐岩建造 ;晚古生代晚期 ,特提斯洋沿昆中断裂斜向俯冲 ,在大九坝出露了托库孜达坂蛇绿混杂岩和早二叠世前陆盆地堆积 ;晚三叠世陆相火山岩出露于祁漫塔格山南缘。 相似文献
3.
青海祁漫塔格晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩构造背景与成矿关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
造山带成矿作用研究是当代成矿学重大研究的前沿,通过对东昆仑造山带北西段祁漫塔格晚古生代—早中生代侵入岩研究,表明祁漫塔格与东昆仑东段晚古生代—早中生代构造演化具有一定相似性。早二叠世之前为洋盆扩张期,早二叠世空谷期洋盆扩张结束,俯冲作用开始,发育钾玄岩系列POG型花岗岩,形成斑岩型铜矿。中三叠世为主俯冲阶段,发育高钾钙碱性大陆弧花岗岩(CAG),形成矽卡岩型铁多金属矿。晚三叠世卡尼—诺利期,大洋闭合,进入后碰撞陆内造山阶段,发育高钾钙碱性钾玄岩系列后造山花岗岩(POG),形成了斑岩钼矿和矽卡岩型铁多金属矿。 相似文献
4.
东昆仑祁漫塔格早中生代大陆地壳增生过程中的岩浆活动与成矿作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东昆仑祁漫塔格地区位于青藏高原北缘,为典型的大陆边缘增生造山带,经历了漫长的古生代—早中生代增生造山过程,其中以早中生代岩浆活动与成矿作用最为发育。文章系统总结了区内早中生代侵入岩分布及成因,对与其相关矿床地质、成矿流体特征及成矿物质来源进行分析,进一步探讨了祁漫塔格地区早中生代大陆地壳增生过程中的壳幔混合岩浆活动与成矿作用的关联。研究结果认为,中二叠世—早三叠世以俯冲阶段的侧向增生为主,中-晚三叠世以碰撞-后碰撞阶段的垂向增生为主,与成矿有关的岩浆岩主要为中-晚三叠世石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、花岗斑岩等,以I型、A型花岗岩为主,且多见暗色包体,Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成表明其源于古陆壳物质的重熔,有地幔物质的参与,由地幔底侵古老陆壳,幔源基性岩浆与壳源花岗质岩浆发生不同程度混合作用而形成。与该时期岩浆活动关系密切的主要为斑岩型铜钼矿床、矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床、层控矽卡岩型铅锌矿床、与碱性花岗岩有关稀有金属矿化等。成矿时代集中于248~210 Ma,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液,成矿物质具有壳幔混合来源,区内中-晚三叠世大陆垂向增生过程中的壳-幔岩浆混合作用为区域大规模金属成矿提供大量热能、成矿流体及成矿物质。 相似文献
5.
东天山板块构造基本特征 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
依据沉积建造、构造岩石组合、变形、变质、古生物分区、地壳结构、地球物理、地球化学等特征重新划分了东天山的板块构造格局，并对区内５个二级板块单元的基本特征进行了对比总结。康古尔塔格—喀尔力克岛弧系发育泥盆—石炭系岛弧拉斑玄武岩—安山岩，为活动大陆边缘产物；阿奇山—雅满苏岛弧系发育石炭系，４个火山—沉积旋回表明其为典型的活动边缘，无序地层苦水组为海沟区浊积岩；北山可二分，北部与中天山可对比，为早古生代岛弧，南部可与南天山对比，为晚古生代弧后盆地。康古尔塔格—黄山深断裂为准噶尔板块与塔里木板块的分界线，沿断裂发现有巨型韧性剪切带、混杂岩、海沟杂砂岩、大洋岩残片、无序拼合混杂带、碰撞花岗岩等，表明康—黄断裂为南北两板块的俯冲—碰撞带。 相似文献
6.
中昆仑北部古生代构造岩浆作用及其演化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对地质研究较薄弱的中昆仑北部开展了古生代构造地层格局、构造变形及构造样式、古生代花岗岩区域分布及其地球化学特征、祁漫塔格群火山岩地球化学及其区域对比等研究,认为祁漫塔格群属寒武－早志留世,早古生代祁漫塔格地区可能不存在成熟大洋,而是以大陆裂谷或初始洋盆为特征;早古生代晚期祁漫塔格山北部被动大陆边缘转化为活动大陆边缘,沿鸭子泉－祁漫塔格主脊断裂汇聚闭合;晚古生代,早期以求勉雷克花岗穹隆为核心南北简单剪切滑覆;晚期沿昆中俯冲碰撞,昆中断裂以北地区转化为活动大陆边缘,古特提斯洋闭合。 相似文献
7.
祁连山地区的新元古代中—晚期至早古生代火山作用显示系统地时、空变化,其乃是祁连山构造演化的火山响应。随着祁连山构造演化从Rodinia超大陆裂谷化—裂解,经早古生代大洋打开、扩张、洋壳俯冲和弧后伸展,直至洋盆闭合、弧-陆碰撞和陆-陆碰撞,火山作用也逐渐从裂谷和大陆溢流玄武质喷发,经大洋中脊型、岛弧和弧后盆地火山活动,转变为碰撞后裂谷式喷发。850~604 Ma的大陆裂谷和大陆溢流熔岩主要分布于祁连和柴达木陆块。从大约550 Ma至446 Ma,在北祁连和南祁连洋-沟-弧-盆系中广泛发育大洋中脊型、岛弧和弧后盆地型熔岩。与此同时,在祁连陆块中部,发育约522~442 Ma的陆内裂谷火山作用。早古生代洋盆于奥陶纪末(约446 Ma)闭合。随后,从约445 Ma至约428 Ma,于祁连陆块北缘发育碰撞后火山活动。此种时-空变异对形成祁连山的深部地球动力学过程提供了重要约束。该过程包括:(1)地幔柱或超级地幔柱上涌,导致Rodinia超大陆发生裂谷化、裂解、早古生代大洋打开、扩张、俯冲,并伴随岛弧形成;(2)俯冲的大洋板片回转,致使弧后伸展,进而形成弧后盆地;(3)洋盆闭合、板片断离,继而发生软流圈上涌,诱发碰撞后火山活动。晚志留世至早泥盆世(420~400 Ma),先期俯冲的地壳物质折返,发生强烈的造山活动。400 Ma后,山体垮塌、岩石圈伸展,相应发生碰撞后花岗质侵入活动。 相似文献
8.
大陆碰撞造山带中出露的镁铁质岩浆岩,特别是形成于洋陆转换和大陆碰撞关键时期的镁铁质岩浆岩,对理解从大洋俯冲到大陆碰撞化学地球动力学过程的转变,以及发展板块构造理论具有重要意义.本文通过对苏鲁造山带和华北东南缘(胶东和辽东地区)三叠纪镁铁质岩浆岩同位素年代学和地球化学的系统总结,概括出从大洋俯冲到大陆碰撞过程中古洋壳和大陆地壳物质再循环的岩石地球化学记录.早-中三叠世洋岛型镁铁质岩浆岩属于同碰撞岩浆岩,具有洋岛型微量元素特征和弱富集的放射成因同位素组成,记录了先前俯冲古特提斯洋壳来源的熔体与上覆地幔楔橄榄岩的相互作用;晚三叠世岛弧型镁铁质岩浆岩属于同折返岩浆岩,具有弧型微量元素特征和相对富集的放射成因同位素组成,记录了随后俯冲的华南陆壳来源的熔体与上覆华北岩石圈地幔之间的相互作用.因此,辽东-胶东半岛三叠纪镁铁质岩浆岩记录了大陆俯冲带不同类型的壳幔相互作用及其形成的化学动力学过程. 相似文献
9.
阿牙克库木湖幅地质调查新成果及主要进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
首次在原划奥陶系祁漫塔格群中采到Monoclimacis griestoniertsis (Nicol)等早志留世特里奇晚期笔石化石组合，合理地解体了祁漫塔格群。在祁漫塔格LU南缘的黑山-那棱格勒断裂带(东昆北断裂带)又发现蛇绿岩残片，以北发现岛弧火山岩、俯冲碰撞型花岗岩和弧后盆地复理石沉积，它们共同组成早古生代沟-弧-盆体系。通过对青藏高原北缘库木库里盆地新生代磨拉石建造、孢粉、阶地热年龄、沉积响应的分析研究，确定青藏高原新生代渐新世、上新世和更新世-全新世形成的3套磨拉石建造，分别代表青藏高原最强烈的3次隆升作用，渐新世至上新世晚期高原隆升幅度达1500～2000m，更新世、全新世高原隆升了约2500m，46．4ka BP至今高原隆升了约44m。 相似文献
10.
大陆造山运动：从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲、碰撞、折返的时限——以北祁连山、柴北缘为例 总被引：20，自引：8，他引：12
北祁连山和柴北缘是典型的早古生代大陆造山带,分别发育有北祁连山大洋型俯冲缝合带和柴北缘大陆型俯冲碰撞带.作为早古生代大洋冷俯冲的典型代表,北祁连山经历了从新元古代-寒武纪大洋扩张、奥陶纪俯冲和闭合及早泥盆世隆升造山的过程.高压变质岩变质年龄为490～440Ma,证明古祁连洋经历了至少50m．y．的俯冲过程.柴北缘超高压变质带是大陆深俯冲的结果,岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学表明,柴北缘超高压变质带中榴辉岩的原岩分别来自洋壳和陆壳两种环境.高压/超高压变质的蛇绿岩原岩的年龄为517±11Ma,与祁连山蛇绿岩年龄一致.榴辉岩早期的变质年龄为443～473Ma,与祁连山高压变质年龄一致,代表大洋地壳俯冲的时代,而柯石英片麻岩和石榴橄榄岩所限定的超高压变质时代为420～426Ma,代表大陆俯冲的年龄.从大洋俯冲结束到大陆俯冲最大深度的转换时间最少需要20m．y．.自420Ma起,俯冲的大洋岩石圈与跟随俯冲的大陆岩石圈断离,大陆地壳开始折返,发生隆升和造山.北祁连山和柴北缘两个不同类型的高压-超高压变质带反映了早古生代从大洋俯冲到大陆俯冲、隆升折返的造山过程. 相似文献
11.
Daniela Gallhofer Albrecht von Quadt Stefan M. Schmid Marcel Guillong Irena Peytcheva Ioan Seghedi 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2017,110(2):699-719
The Jurassic ophiolites in the South Apuseni Mountains represent remnants of the Neotethys Ocean and belong to the East Vardar ophiolites that contain ophiolite fragments as well as granitoids and volcanics with island-arc affinity. New U–Pb zircon ages, and Sr and Nd isotope ratios give insights into their tectono-magmatic history. The ophiolite lithologies show tholeiitic MOR-type affinities, but are occasionally slightly enriched in Th and U, and depleted in Nb, which indicates that they probably formed in a marginal or back-arc basin. These ophiolites are associated with calc-alkaline granitoids and volcanics, which show trace element signatures characteristic for subduction-enrichment (high LILE, low HFSE). Low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.703836–0.704550) and high 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.512599–0.512616) of the calc-alkaline series overlap with the ratios measured in the ophiolitic rocks (0.703863–0.704303 and 0.512496–0.512673), and hence show no contamination with continental crust. This excludes a collisional to post-collisional origin of the granitoids and is consistent with the previously proposed intra-oceanic island arc setting. The new U–Pb ages of the ophiolite lithologies (158.9–155.9 Ma, Oxfordian to Early Kimmeridgian) and granitoids (158.6–152.9 Ma, latest Oxfordian to Late Kimmeridgian) indicate that the two distinct magmatic series evolved within a narrow time range. It is proposed that the ophiolites and island arc granitoids formed above a long-lived NE-dipping subduction zone. A sudden flip in subduction polarity led to collision between island arc and continental margin, immediately followed by obduction of the ophiolites and granitoids on top of the continental margin of the Dacia Mega-Unit. Since the granitoids lack crustal input, they must have intruded the Apuseni ophiolites before both magmatic sequences were obducted onto the continental margin. The age of the youngest granitoid (~153 Ma, Late Kimmeridgian) yields an estimate for the maximum age of emplacement of the South Apuseni ophiolites and associated granitoids onto the Dacia Mega-Unit. 相似文献
12.
拉萨地体的起源和古生代构造演化 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
早期由于资料有限,对拉萨地体古生代时期的裂解、漂移、俯冲和碰撞历史的认知程度还很低。本文利用目前已有
地质和地球化学资料,分析了拉萨地体的中生代岩石圈结构,探讨了拉萨地体的起源和古生代演化历史。大量长英质岩石
的锆石Hf 同位素和全岩Nd 同位素表明,南部和北部拉萨地体以新生地壳为主,部分地区可能存在前寒武纪结晶基底,而
中部拉萨地体是具有古元古代甚至太古代结晶基底的条带状微陆块。大量古生代沉积岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb 年龄数据表明,拉
萨地体约1170 Ma 的碎屑锆石年龄指标,明显不同于以约950 Ma 为碎屑锆石年龄指标的安多、羌塘和特提斯喜马拉雅。拉
萨地体起源于澳大利亚大陆北缘是目前资料情况下的最合理解释。中部拉萨地体约492 Ma 的双峰式火山岩形成于活动大陆
边缘背景,代表了古地理上位于澳大利亚大陆北缘的岩浆弧的一部分,可能与原特提斯洋岩石圈板片的断离有关。拉萨地
体南缘和南羌塘的泥盆纪末期-石炭纪早期片麻状花岗岩类为存在明显幔源物质输入的S 型花岗岩,可能形成于最终演化
为松多特提斯洋的弧后盆地背景。中二叠世末期发生的拉萨地体与澳大利亚大陆北缘的碰撞造山事件可能触发了班公湖-
怒江特提斯洋岩石圈的南向俯冲,并随后对拉萨地体的中生代构造岩浆演化发挥关键性作用。 相似文献
地质和地球化学资料,分析了拉萨地体的中生代岩石圈结构,探讨了拉萨地体的起源和古生代演化历史。大量长英质岩石
的锆石Hf 同位素和全岩Nd 同位素表明,南部和北部拉萨地体以新生地壳为主,部分地区可能存在前寒武纪结晶基底,而
中部拉萨地体是具有古元古代甚至太古代结晶基底的条带状微陆块。大量古生代沉积岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb 年龄数据表明,拉
萨地体约1170 Ma 的碎屑锆石年龄指标,明显不同于以约950 Ma 为碎屑锆石年龄指标的安多、羌塘和特提斯喜马拉雅。拉
萨地体起源于澳大利亚大陆北缘是目前资料情况下的最合理解释。中部拉萨地体约492 Ma 的双峰式火山岩形成于活动大陆
边缘背景,代表了古地理上位于澳大利亚大陆北缘的岩浆弧的一部分,可能与原特提斯洋岩石圈板片的断离有关。拉萨地
体南缘和南羌塘的泥盆纪末期-石炭纪早期片麻状花岗岩类为存在明显幔源物质输入的S 型花岗岩,可能形成于最终演化
为松多特提斯洋的弧后盆地背景。中二叠世末期发生的拉萨地体与澳大利亚大陆北缘的碰撞造山事件可能触发了班公湖-
怒江特提斯洋岩石圈的南向俯冲,并随后对拉萨地体的中生代构造岩浆演化发挥关键性作用。 相似文献
13.
祁连山蛇绿岩带和原特提斯洋演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
位于阿拉善地块和柴达木地块之间的祁连造山带记录原特提斯洋扩张、俯冲、闭合、大陆边缘增生和碰撞造山的完整过程。从南向北,祁连造山带发育有三条平行排列、不同类型的蛇绿岩带:(1)南部南祁连洋底高原-洋中脊-弧后蛇绿岩混杂带;(2)中部托勒山洋中脊型蛇绿岩带;(3)北部走廊南山SSZ型蛇绿岩带。南部南祁连蛇绿混杂岩带以拉脊山-永靖蛇绿岩为代表,为典型的洋底高原型蛇绿岩,是大洋板内地幔柱活动的产物,形成年龄为525～500Ma;中部托勒山蛇绿岩带沿熬油沟-玉石沟-冰沟-永登一线分布,为大洋中脊型蛇绿岩,蛇绿岩形成年龄为550～495Ma;北部蛇绿岩带包括弧前和弧后两种类型,弧前蛇绿岩以大岔大阪蛇绿岩为代表,形成时代为517～487Ma,反映初始俯冲/弧前扩张到弧后盆地的过程;弧后蛇绿岩以九个泉-老虎山蛇绿岩为代表,为典型的SSZ型蛇绿岩,是弧后扩张的产物,形成时代为奥陶纪(490～445Ma)。三个蛇绿岩带分别代表了新元古代-早古生代祁连洋演化历史不同环境的产物,对了解秦祁昆构造带原特提斯洋的构造演化过程有重要意义。蛇绿岩及弧火山岩的时空分布特征限定了原特提斯洋的俯冲极性为向北消减俯冲。 相似文献
14.
V. P. Kovach V. V. Yarmolyuk V. I. Kovalenko A. M. Kozlovskyi A. B. Kotov L. B. Terent’eva 《Petrology》2011,19(4):399-425
Part II of this paper reports geochemical and Nd isotope characteristics of the volcanogenic and siliceous-terrigenous complexes
of the Lake zone of the Central Asian Caledonides and associating granitoids of various ages. Geological, geochronological,
geochemical, and isotopic data were synthesized with application to the problems of the sources and main mechanisms of continental
crust formation and evolution for the Caledonides of the Central Asian orogenic belt. It was found that the juvenile sialic
crust of the Lake zone was formed during the Vendian-Cambrian (approximately 570–490 Ma) in an environment of intraoceanic
island arcs and oceanic islands from depleted mantle sources with the entrainment of sedimentary crustal materials into subduction
zones and owing to the accretion processes of the amalgamation of paleoceanic and island arc complexes and Precambrian microcontinents,
which terminated by ∼490 Ma. The source of primary melts for the low-Ti basalts, andesites, and dacites of the Lake zone ophiolites
and island arc complexes was mainly the depleted mantle wedge above a subduction zone. In addition, an enriched plume source
contributed to the genesis of the high-Ti basalts and gabbroids of oceanic plateaus. The source of terrigenous rocks associating
with the volcanics was composed of materials similar in composition to the country rocks at a minor and varying role of ancient
crustal materials introduced into the ocean basin owing to the erosion of Precambrian microcontinents. The sedimentary rocks
of the accretionary prism were derived by the erosion of mainly juvenile island arc sources with a minor contribution of rocks
of the mature continental crust. The island arc and accretion stages of the development of the Lake zone (∼540–590 Ma) were
accompanied by the development of high- and low-alumina sodic granitoids through the melting at various depths of depleted
mantle reservoirs (metabasites of a subducted oceanic slab and a mantle wedge) and at the base of the island arc at the subordinate
role of ancient crustal rocks. The melts of the postaccretion granitoids of the Central Asian Caledonides were derived mainly
from the rocks of the juvenile Caledonian crust at an increasing input of an ancient crustal component owing to the tectonic
mixing of the rocks of ophiolitic and island arc complexes and microcontinents. The obtained results indicate that the Vendian-Early
Paleozoic stage of the evolution of the Central Asian orogenic belt was characterized by the extensive growth of juvenile
continental crust and allow us to distinguish a corresponding stage of juvenile crust formation. 相似文献
15.
北阿尔金喀腊大湾地区4337高地北花岗闪长岩 SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
喀腊大湾位于北阿尔金中东段,为北东向阿尔金断裂与东西向阿尔金北缘断裂所夹持,区内遍布中酸性侵入岩。笔者选取喀腊大湾地区4337高地北花岗闪长岩岩体为研究对象来反演喀腊大湾地区构造演化。岩石地球化学数据表明,岩体为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,可能是下地壳中钾和高钾变质玄武岩在高压条件下部分熔融形成的。4337高地北花岗闪长岩岩体锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(494.4 ± 5.5)Ma,表明其为晚寒武世岩浆活动的产物。结合岩体的地球化学、微量元素构造环境判别图解、年代学和区域地质背景的特征,判定其形成于与俯冲有关的活动陆缘(大陆弧)构造环境。同时,结合前人对喀腊大湾地区岩浆岩的研究,认为该区在早古生代发育一条活动陆缘(大陆弧)岩浆岩带,指示北阿尔金局限洋盆在晚寒武世早中奥陶世向南俯冲在中阿尔金地块之下。通过对比北阿尔金东西段报道的中酸性侵入岩年龄数据,认为北阿尔金局限洋盆西段经历了更长时间的俯冲,整体呈东早西晚的剪刀状闭合。 相似文献
16.
The Altai-Salair area in southern Siberia is a Caledonian folded area containing fragments of Vendian–Early Cambrian island arcs. In the Vendian–Early Cambrian, an extended system of island arcs existed near the Paleo-Asian Ocean/Siberian continent boundary and was located in an open ocean realm. In the present-day structural pattern of southern Siberia, the fragments of Vendian–Early Cambrian ophiolites, island arcs and paleo-oceanic islands occur in the accretion–collision zones. We recognized that the accretion–collision zones were mainly composed of the rock units, which were formed within an island-arc system or were incorporated in it during the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean under the island arc or the Siberian continent. This system consists of accretionary wedge, fore-arc basin, primitive island arc and normal island arc. The accretionary wedges contain the oceanic island fragments which consist of OIB basalts and siliceous—carbonate cover including top and slope facies sediments. Oceanic islands submerged into the subduction zone and, later were incorporated into an accretionary wedge. Collision of oceanic islands and island arcs in subduction zones resulted in reverse currents in the accretionary wedge and exhumation of high-pressure rocks. Our studies of the Gorny Altai and Salair accretionary wedges showed that the remnants of oceanic crust are mainly oceanic islands and ophiolites. Therefore, it is important to recognize paleo-islands in folded areas. The study of paleo- islands is important for understanding the evolution of accretionary wedges and exhumation of subducted high-pressure rocks. 相似文献
17.
Cenozoic geodynamics of the Bering Sea region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the Early Cenozoic before origination of the Aleutian subduction zone 50–47 Ma ago, the northwestern (Asian) and northeastern (North American) parts of the continental framework of the Pacific Ocean were active continental margins. In the northwestern part, the island-arc situation, which arose in the Coniacian, remained with retention of the normal lateral series: continent-marginal sea-island arc-ocean. In the northeastern part, consumption of the oceanic crust beneath the southern margin of the continental Bering shelf also continued from the Late Cretaceous with the formation of the suprasubduction volcanic belt. The northwestern and northeastern parts of the Paleopacific were probably separated by a continuation of the Kula-Pacific Transform Fracture Zone. Change of the movement of the Pacific oceanic plates from the NNW to NW in the middle Eocene (50–47 Ma ago) was a cause of the origin of the Aleutian subduction zone and related Aleutian island arc. In the captured part of the Paleopacific (proto-Bering Sea), the ongoing displacement of North America relative to Eurasia in the middle-late Eocene gave rise to the formation of internal structural elements of the marginal sea: the imbricate nappe structure of the Shirshov Ridge and the island arc of the Bowers Ridge. The Late Cenozoic evolution was controlled by subduction beneath the Kamchatka margin and its convergence with the Kronotsky Terrane in the south. A similar convergence of the Koryak margin with the Goven Terrane occurred in the north. The Komandorsky minor oceanic basin opened in the back zone of this terrane. Paleotectonic reconstructions for 68–60, 56–52, 50–38, 30–15, and 15–6 Ma are presented. 相似文献
18.
Time scale of an early to mid-Paleozoic orogenic cycle of the long-lived Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Inner Mongolia of China: Implications for continental growth 总被引：50，自引：0，他引：50
Ping Jian Dunyi Liu Alfred Krner Brian F. Windley Yuruo Shi Fuqin Zhang Guanghai Shi Laicheng Miao Wei Zhang Qi Zhang Liqao Zhang Jishun Ren 《Lithos》2008,101(3-4):233-259
We present a detailed, new time scale for an orogenic cycle (oceanic accretion–subduction–collision) that provides significant insights into Paleozoic continental growth processes in the southeastern segment of the long-lived Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The most prominent tectonic feature in Inner Mongolia is the association of paired orogens. A southern orogen forms a typical arc-trench complex, in which a supra-subduction zone ophiolite records successive phases during its life cycle: birth (ca. 497–477 Ma), when the ocean floor of the ophiolite was formed; (2) youth (ca. 473–470 Ma), characterized by mantle wedge magmatism; (3) shortly after maturity (ca. 461–450 Ma), high-Mg adakite and adakite were produced by slab melting and subsequent interaction of the melt with the mantle wedge; (4) death, caused by subduction of a ridge crest (ca. 451–434 Ma) and by ridge collision with the ophiolite (ca. 428–423 Ma). The evolution of the magmatic arc exhibits three major coherent phases: arc volcanism (ca. 488–444 Ma); adakite plutonism (ca. 448–438 Ma) and collision (ca. 419–415 Ma) of the arc with a passive continental margin. The northern orogen, a product of ridge-trench interaction, evolved progressively from coeval generation of near-trench plutons (ca. 498–461 Ma) and juvenile arc crust (ca. 484–469 Ma), to ridge subduction (ca. 440–434 Ma), microcontinent accretion (ca. 430–420 Ma), and finally to forearc formation. The paired orogens followed a consistent progression from ocean floor subduction/arc formation (ca. 500–438 Ma), ridge subduction (ca. 451–434 Ma) to microcontinent accretion/collision (ca. 430–415 Ma); ridge subduction records the turning point that transformed oceanic lithosphere into continental crust. The recognition of this orogenic cycle followed by Permian–early Triassic terminal collision of the CAOB provides compelling evidence for episodic continental growth. 相似文献
19.
中国西部柴北缘—阿尔金的超高压变质榴辉岩及其原岩性质探讨 总被引：45，自引：5，他引：45
中国西部祁连山柴北缘地区和南阿尔金地区存在一条被阿尔金断裂错开 4 0 0km ,但构造上相连的早古生代超高压变质带。通过对柴北缘地区大柴旦、锡铁山、都兰和南阿尔金地区且末一带榴辉岩的岩石地球化学研究 ,发现榴辉岩原岩主要由玄武岩和苦橄岩两类岩石组成 ,进一步分为高Ti型 (w(TiO2 ) =2 %～ 5 % ) ,中Ti型 (1%～ 2 % )和低Ti型 (<1% ) 3种类型 ,识别出榴辉岩的原岩类型有洋脊玄武岩、岛弧拉斑玄武岩和洋岛玄武岩类等产在不同环境的岩石类型。榴辉岩的Nd同位素组成与现代洋脊玄武岩类相似 ,ε(Nd ,0 )主要为正值 ,少量为轻微负值 ,表明榴辉岩的原岩曾是海底玄武岩 ,并且经过了消减俯冲作用 ,混入了部分的地壳物质。榴辉岩的超高压变质年龄为 5 0 0～ 4 4 0Ma,原岩年龄分别为 80 0～ 75 0Ma和～ 10 0 0Ma。研究表明 ,柴北缘滩涧山群中存在两套时代不同的基性超基性岩 ,一套为产在绿梁山的新元古代时期形成的蛇绿岩组合 ,新获得的年龄值为 (76 8±39)Ma(Rb Sr)和 (780± 2 2 )Ma(Sm Nd) ,另一套主要为产在赛什腾山的晚寒武世岛弧火山岩 ,形成时代约在 5 15～ 4 86Ma。榴辉岩的岩石化学成分和Nd同位素组成 ,以及 80 0～ 75 0Ma的原岩时代与其中的新元古代基性岩类可以对比。初步认为它们是同一套岩石? 相似文献
20.
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) resulted from accretion during the Paleozoic subduction of the PaleoAsian Ocean. The Xilinhot area in Inner Mongolia is located in the northern subduction zone of the central-eastern CAOB and outcropped a large number of late Paleozoic mafic intrusions. The characteristics of magma source and tectonic setting of the mafic intrusions and their response to the closure process of the Paleo-Asian Ocean are still controversial. This study presents LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical features of mafic intrusions in the Xilinhot area to constrain the northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The mafic intrusions consist of gabbro, hornblende gabbro, and diabase. Their intrusion times can be divided into three stages of 326–321 Ma, 276 Ma and 254 Ma by zircon U-Pb ages. The first two stages of the 326–276 Ma intrusions mostly originated from subduction-modified continental lithospheric mantle sources that underwent a variable degree partial melting(5–30%), recording the subduction of oceanic crust. The third stage of the 254 Ma mafic rocks also show arc-related features. The primary magma compositions calculated by PRIMELT2 modeling on three samples of ～326 Ma and two samples of ～254 Ma show that these mafic samples are characterized by a variable range in SiO_2(47.51–51.47 wt%), Al_2O_3(11.46–15.55 wt%), ΣFeO(8.27–9.61 wt%), MgO(13.01–15.18 wt%) and CaO(9.13–11.67 wt%), consisting with the features between enriched mantle and lower continental crust. The source mantle melting of mafic intrusions occurred under temperatures of 1302–1351°C and pressures of 0.92–1.30 GPa. The magmatic processes occurred near the crust-mantle boundary at about 33–45 km underground. Combined with previous studies, it is concluded that Carboniferous to early Permian(～326–275 Ma) northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic crust led to the formation of the mafic magmatism in the Baolidao arc zone. The whole region had entered the collision environment at ～254 Ma, but with subduction-related environments locally. The final collision between the North China craton and the South Mongolian microcontinent may have lasted until ca. 230 Ma. 相似文献