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1.
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南北亚带蛇绿岩的成因探讨   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
刘飞  杨经绥  连东洋  赵慧  张岚  张利  黄健 《岩石学报》2015,31(12):3609-3628
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带自萨嘎以西分为达巴-休古嘎布(南亚带)和萨嘎-达机翁(北亚带)两个亚带,但两者的关系和构造环境还存在争论。本文在实测剖面的基础上,对比南北亚带蛇绿岩产出和岩石组成,以及对比基性岩脉和围岩方辉橄榄岩的地球化学和年代学特征,探讨两个带的关系和构造环境。北带错不扎、加纳崩和巴尔基性岩脉具有高Si、Al,低K、Ti、P特征,属钙碱性玄武质成分,锆石U-Pb年龄为125~128Ma;南亚带东波、普兰、休古嘎布基性岩具有高Mg、Ti,低Si、K特征,为低钾拉斑玄武质成分,锆石U-Pb年龄为120~130Ma。南北带基性岩具有类似产状和年代学,球粒陨石标准化曲线与NMORB一致;N-MORB标准化蛛网图中显示Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,指示洋内俯冲带弧前或弧后环境。此外,两带基性岩围岩方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、辉石、尖晶石具有类似的矿物成分特征,地球化学成分兼有弧前和深海地幔橄榄岩的特点,指示南北亚带蛇绿岩形成于俯冲带弧前环境。结合区域对比,南亚带蛇绿岩不发育沟-弧-盆体系,具有从北到南的构造侵位特征,南北亚带之间的仲巴微地体具有特提斯喜马拉雅的亲缘性,指示南北蛇绿岩亚带可能为相同大洋岩石圈的不同残余。  相似文献   

2.
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带长1500km以上,分为东段(曲水—墨脱)、中段(昂仁—仁布)和西段(萨嘎以西至中印边境)3部分。西段又进一步分为北亚带(达机翁—萨嘎蛇绿岩带)和南亚带(达巴—休古嘎布蛇绿岩带),以往的研究程度很低。达巴—休古嘎布蛇绿岩带的蛇绿岩体(块)由地幔橄榄岩组成,主要岩石类型是方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,极少量二辉橄榄岩,缺少典型蛇绿岩剖面中的洋壳单元。带内岩体规模大,岩相分带明显,出现较大面积的纯橄榄岩相。拉昂错、东坡、当穷岩体和休古嘎布岩体群发现有较多的铬铁矿化点,矿体呈透镜状(豆荚状)、短脉状、不规则状,矿石以致密块状为主,少部分为浸染状,Cr2O3含量一般达40%以上。矿化类型属于豆荚状铬铁矿。对比研究显示,该岩带的岩体在构造环境,蛇绿岩的类型,岩体规模,岩石组成,保存部位,部分熔融程度,岩石、矿物地球化学特征,铬铁矿化特征等许多方面与国内外大型豆荚状铬铁矿床的含矿岩体相似,成矿条件好,找矿前景较大。提出区内找矿前景最好的地段是拉昂错岩体西北部的纯橄榄岩相,其次是东坡岩体的纯橄榄岩相、纯橄榄岩-方辉橄榄岩相,以及当穷岩体的方辉橄榄岩-纯橄榄岩相。  相似文献   

3.
程晨  夏斌  郑浩  袁亚娟  殷征欣  陆野  徐迟  张霄 《地球科学》2018,43(4):975-990
达巴蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带西段南亚带,主要由地幔橄榄岩、基性岩脉和硅质岩组成,其形成时代和构造背景尚不清楚.首次报道了达巴蛇绿岩中基性岩脉的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学数据.达巴辉长岩和辉绿岩具有高的Al和Mg、低Ti、K和P,为低钾钙碱性玄武质岩石.岩石具有与N-MORB一致的稀土配分模式,但是N-MORB标准化蛛网图中显示Nb负异常,显示了受到俯冲板片流体的影响.辉绿岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为120.0±1.7 Ma,为早白垩世晚期,地球化学特征显示源自于低程度的尖晶石相地幔源区的部分熔融.结合前人研究成果,认为达巴蛇绿岩形成于与初始俯冲有关的弧前扩张中心,是受到俯冲板片流体交代的上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物.   相似文献   

4.
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带是国内铬铁矿床出露点最多,且铬铁矿石储量、产量最大的一个蛇绿岩带。根据空间展布规律,该岩带被划分为东段(曲水—墨脱)、中段(昂仁—仁布)和西段(萨嘎至中印边境)3部分。其中,西段自萨嘎以西分为南、北两支亚带。长期以来的研究工作主要集中在东段和中段,西段的研究程度非常薄弱,尤其是北亚带。不同区段研究程度的不平衡十分不利于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带内铬铁矿找矿工作的开展。错不扎蛇绿岩体位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段的北亚带,呈北西-南东向带状产出,主要由方辉橄榄岩组成,并普遍发育基性岩脉。野外地质调查在该蛇绿岩体中发现了多个铬铁矿化点,矿化体呈透镜状产于方辉橄榄岩中,出露地表的长度为0.5~1m,厚为0.2~0.5 m,矿石均为致密块状。电子探针分析结果表明,错不扎铬铁矿属于高铬型铬铁矿,铬尖晶石的Cr#[=100×Cr/(Cr+Al)]为75~78,Mg#[=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)]为66~69。计算结果表明,母岩浆的FeO/MgO比值为0.51~0.65,Al2O3和Ti O2含量分别为11.27%~12.1%和0.19%~0.4%,与玻安质岩浆的化学成分相当。然而,针状单斜辉石出溶体的发现指示错不扎铬铁矿可能还经历了一个深部作用过程。  相似文献   

5.
错不扎蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段北亚带,岩体呈北西-南东走向带状产出,主要由地幔橄榄岩和辉长岩脉组成。地幔橄榄岩主体为方辉橄榄岩,详细的矿物学及岩石地球化学研究表明,错不扎方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石为镁橄榄石,斜方辉石主要为顽火辉石,而单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石和透辉石,铬尖晶石具有高Al和高Mg(Mg#=60~70)特征。稀土配分图解显示其具有轻稀土亏损而重稀土富集的左倾型亏损地幔源区特征,(La/Yb)N=0.11~0.60,模拟结果显示其为经历了15%~20%部分熔融后的残余,与快速扩张大洋中脊环境下形成的深海橄榄岩的熔融程度(10%~22%)较为一致。此外,错不扎方辉橄榄岩轻稀土含量明显高于部分熔融模型中LREE的含量,而且,在微量元素原始地幔标准化图解中富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr和高场强元素Ta、Hf和Ti,这一特征指示错不扎方辉橄榄岩在大洋中脊环境形成后又受到后期俯冲带熔/流体的改造。结合南北两带不同蛇绿岩体构造环境的对比,笔者认为雅鲁藏布江西段南北两带蛇绿岩体具有相似的形成环境,两者在地理位置以及产状方面的差别可能是受到构造侵位的影响。  相似文献   

6.
西藏西南部达巴-休古嘎布蛇绿岩带中地幔橄榄岩的成因   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
本文报道了西藏西南部达巴-休古嘎布蛇绿岩带中橄榄岩的矿物化学资料.橄榄岩中主要造岩矿物化学成分的分析研究表明,该区橄榄岩为残余地幔成因,但它们不是地幔简单熔化的残余物.尖晶石中Cr#及辉石中Ti的广泛变化表明它们具有复杂的熔融历史及地幔交代作用的印记,其形成过程可能经历了两种构造环境的转变.早期在MORB环境下形成低Cr#(尖晶石)橄榄岩;其后由于洋内俯冲作用,早先形成的低熔橄榄岩被消减到岛弧之下再度发生熔融形成高Cr#(尖晶石)橄榄岩.从而,在古大洋消失之后形成的碰撞带上同时保存了MORB型和SSZ型两类蛇绿岩.  相似文献   

7.
雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带东段泽当蛇绿岩起源及演化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
本文通过对泽当蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩主要矿物的矿物化学,以及蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩、玄武岩和辉长岩的岩石化学和地球化学的研究,结合前人对泽当蛇绿岩年代学和构造背景的认识,讨论泽当蛇绿岩的起源和演化。①通过对泽当蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值,斜方辉石和单斜辉石的En值、Mg#值和Al2O3含量,尖晶石的Mg#和Cr#值的讨论,发现泽当蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩起源于洋中脊下亏损地幔域,方辉橄榄岩的熔融程度比二辉橄榄岩高,后期都受到俯冲带的改造。②通过对地幔橄榄岩岩石化学和地球化学分析,绝大多数的主量元素和微量元素的含量低于原始地幔,微量元素的原始地幔标准化曲线与深海橄榄岩曲线重合,说明它们是亏损的原始地幔熔融残留物,起源于洋中脊环境。③通过对泽当蛇绿岩辉长岩的岩石化学和地球化学研究发现辉长岩起源于比N-MORB更亏损的源区,具有N-MORB的性质,后期可能因为受到俯冲带的改造又具有了岛弧拉斑玄武岩的性质。④泽当蛇绿岩玄武岩包含N-MORB型和E-MORB型两类,说明泽当蛇绿岩起源于包含富集地幔的岩浆源区。N-MORB型玄武岩还具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩的性质,说明N-MORB型玄武岩后期受到俯冲带的改造,而EMORB型玄武岩没有受到俯冲带影响。⑤通过总结前人对泽当蛇绿岩年代学和构造背景的研究成果以及本文的发现,作者认为泽当蛇绿岩是170Ma左右起源于混合不均一的洋中脊下亏损地幔域,150Ma左右在弧前环境受到俯冲带的改造。  相似文献   

8.
蛇绿岩中的辉绿岩岩墙是洋脊扩张的产物,其形成年龄代表了扩张事件的时间,也代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代.对雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段拉昂错蛇绿岩中的辉绿岩岩墙进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,得出加权平均年龄为120.2Ma±2.3Ma,代表辉绿岩的结晶年龄.结合已有的关于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的形成年龄(西段休古嘎布122.3Ma±2.4Ma,中段大竹卡126.0Ma±1.5Ma、吉定123.0Ma±1.8Ma,东段罗布莎162.9Ma±2.8Ma)的报道,表明拉昂错地区特提斯洋海底扩张的时代与休古嘎布地区一致,雅鲁藏布江西段与中段地区洋盆的形成时代一致,但晚于东段的发育时代.这意味着整个东提斯洋盆的发育时代存在东早西晚的特点.  相似文献   

9.
内蒙古西乌旗新发现的米斯庙蛇绿岩,位于中亚造山带东段迪彦庙SSZ型蛇绿岩带的西延米斯庙一带。大比例尺填图结果显示,米斯庙蛇绿岩呈NEE向展布,宽约5km,长约20km,蛇绿岩各单元出露较齐全,岩性主要为蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、暗色均质辉长岩、浅色均质辉长岩、斜长岩、枕状前弧玄武岩(fore-arc basalt,FAB)、枕状过渡熔岩和泥质硅质岩,局部见斜长花岗岩侵入于玄武岩之中,其岩性组合和岩石序列可与代表洋内初始俯冲的迪彦庙前弧蛇绿岩相对比。该米斯庙蛇绿岩岩石序列中辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为336.5±3Ma,与东部迪彦庙蛇绿岩的辉长岩同期。米斯庙FAB主要发育无斑结构和少斑结构,基质为球颗结构,枕状构造;枕状过渡熔岩,发育斑状结构,比FAB具有更多的斜长石斑晶。米斯庙FAB地球化学成分与大洋中脊形成的强亏损玄武岩相似,但与N-MORB相比,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb和Ta等含量略低于N-MORB,与弧拉斑玄武岩相似;与米斯庙FAB相比,米斯庙枕状过渡熔岩的地球化学特征是更加亏损Ti、HREE和HFSE,指示大洋板片的渐进性俯冲,类似于IBM前弧的演化。米斯庙蛇绿岩与迪彦庙前弧蛇绿岩均发育类似于马里亚纳前弧的FAB序列,两者延伸长度可达40km,表明在古亚洲洋东段早石炭世沿迪彦庙-米斯庙一带发育洋内初始俯冲,记录了早石炭世古亚洲洋东部洋内初始俯冲事件。  相似文献   

10.
本文以改则的洞错盆地蛇绿岩为研究对象,开展了洞错盆地蛇绿岩的岩石学、岩相学及地球化学方面的研究工作。结果表明:地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,为烟斗型稀土元素配分型式;形成于熔融程度较高的地幔残余物质,具有Nb、Ta负异常。辉绿岩稀土元素配分型式与N-MORB类似,其稀土元素来自亏损的软流圈地幔;Ta、Ti、Y等高场强元素分布特征与N-MORB相似;辉绿岩既有MORB特征又有IAT特征,在洋内弧后盆地扩张环境中形成。辉长岩稀土配分曲线与N-MORB的类似;微量元素中K、Rb、Ba等富集,Nb、Ta亏损,有岛弧火山岩的特征,与典型的N-MORB特征有区别;既有MORB特征,也显示了俯冲带物质的参与,为消减带上弧后盆地次级扩张产生的新洋壳。因此,洞错蛇绿岩为SSZ型蛇绿岩。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

17.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

18.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

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