锆石裂变径迹年龄和逐层蒸发法铅年龄测定对比研究     

王璐  刘顺生 《地球学报》1994,15(Z1):226-231

本文阐述了颗粒锆石裂变径迹法及双带源逐层蒸发法的方法原理，对取自美国菲什（Fish）峡谷凝灰岩中的锆石裂变径迹年龄国际标准样及取自香港花岗岩中锆石的两种年龄结果进行了对比，并分析了它们年龄差异的原因，认为铅年龄代表锆石的结晶年龄，而裂变径迹表观年龄代表岩体的冷却年龄或最后一次热事件的年代。开展不同方法的对比研究，可以得到更多的信息，以期更好地探讨研究区的演化历史。  相似文献   

Diffusion of helium in zircon and apatite     

D.J. Cherniak  E.B. Watson  J.B. Thomas 《Chemical Geology》2009,268(1-2):155-166

Diffusion of helium has been characterized in natural zircon and apatite. Polished slabs of zircon and apatite, oriented either normal or parallel to c were implanted with 100 keV ³He at a dose of 5 × 10^{15 3} He/cm². Diffusion experiments on implanted zircon and apatite were run in Pt capsules in 1-atm furnaces. ³He distributions following experiments were measured with Nuclear Reaction Analysis using the reaction ³He(d,p)⁴He. For diffusion in zircon we obtain the following Arrhenius relations:Although activation energies for diffusion normal and parallel to c are comparable, there is marked diffusional anisotropy, with diffusion parallel to c nearly 2 orders of magnitude faster than transport normal to c. These diffusivities bracket the range of values determined for He diffusion in zircon in bulk-release experiments, although the role of anisotropy could not be directly evaluated in those measurements.In apatite, the following Arrhenius relation was obtained over the temperature range of 148–449 °C for diffusion normal to c:In contrast to zircon, apatite shows little evidence of anisotropy. He diffusivities obtained in this study fall about an order of magnitude lower than diffusivities measured through bulk release of He through step-heating, and within an order of magnitude of determinations where ion implantation was used to introduce helium and He distributions measured with elastic recoil detection.Since the diffusion of He in zircon exhibits such pronounced anisotropy, helium diffusional loss and closure cannot be modeled with simple spherical geometries and the assumption of isotropic diffusion. A finite-element code (CYLMOD) has recently been created to simulate diffusion in cylindrical geometry with differing radial and axial diffusion coefficients. We present some applications of the code in evaluating helium lost from zircon grains as a function of grain size and length to diameter ratios, and consider the effects of “shape anisotropy”, where diffusion is isotropic (as in the case of apatite) but shapes of crystal grains or fragments may depart significantly from spherical geometry.  相似文献   

Ti in zircon from the Boggy Plain zoned pluton: implications for zircon petrology and Hadean tectonics     

R. B. Ickert  I. S. Williams  D. Wyborn 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(2):447-461

The understanding of zircon crystallization, and of the Ti-in-zircon thermometer, has been enhanced by Ti concentration measurements of zircon from a small, concentrically zoned pluton in south-eastern Australia, the Boggy Plain zoned pluton (BPZP). Zircon crystals from rocks ranging in composition from gabbro to aplite were analysed for U–Th–Pb dating and Ti concentrations by an ion microprobe. Geochronological data yield a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 417.2 ± 2.0 Ma (95% confidence) and demonstrate the presence of older inherited or xenocrystic zircon. Titanium measurements (n = 158) yield a mean Ti concentration of 11.7 ± 6.1 ppm (2SD) which corresponds to a mean crystallization temperature of 790°C for an α-TiO₂ = 0.74 (estimated using mineral equilibria), or 760°C for an α-TiO₂ = 1.0. Apparent zircon crystallization temperatures are similar in all intrusive phases, although the gabbro yields slightly higher values, indicating that crystallization occurred at the same temperature in all rock types. This finding is consistent with previous work on the BPZP, which indicates that liquid–crystal sorting (crystal fractionation) was the dominant control on chemical differentiation, and that late, differentiated liquids were similar in composition for all rock types. A simple forward model approximately predicts the range of crystallization temperatures, but not the shape of the distributions, due to sampling biases and complexities in the cooling and crystallization history of the pluton. The distribution of Ti concentrations has a mode at a higher Ti (higher temperature) than the sample set of Hadean detrital zircon. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the skew to low-T in the Hadean dataset is due to the presence of zircon that crystallized from wet anatectic melts.  相似文献   

Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of Hadean zircon from the Jack Hills,Australia     

《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(3):637-648

Hydrothermal zircon can be used to date fluid-infiltration events and water/rock interaction. At the Boggy Plain zoned pluton (BPZP), eastern Australia, hydrothermal zircon occurs with hydrothermal scheelite, molybdenite, thorite and rutile in incipiently altered aplite and monzogranite. The hydrothermal zircon is texturally distinct from magmatic zircon in the same rocks, occurring as murky-brown translucent 20–50 μm-thick mantles on magmatic cores and less commonly as individual crystals. The hydrothermal mantles are internally textureless in back-scatter electron and cathodoluminescence images whereas magmatic zircon is oscillatory zoned. The age of the hydrothermal zircon is indistinguishable from magmatic zircon, indicating precipitation from a fluid evolved from the magma during the final stages of crystallization. Despite indistinguishable U-Pb isotopic compositions, the trace-element compositions of the hydrothermal and magmatic zircon are distinct. Hydrothermal zircon is enriched in all measured trace-elements relative to magmatic zircon in the same rock, including V, Ti, Nb, Hf, Sc, Mn, U, Y, Th and the rare-earth elements (REE). Chondrite-normalized REE abundances form two distinct pattern groupings: type-1 (magmatic) patterns increase steeply from La to Lu and have Ce and Eu anomalies—these are patterns typical for unaltered magmatic zircon in continental crust rock types; type-2 (hydrothermal) patterns generally have higher abundances of the REE, flatter light-REE patterns [(Sm/La)_N = 1.5–4.4 vs. 22–110 for magmatic zircon] and smaller Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 1.8–3.5 vs. 32–49 for magmatic zircon). Type-2 patterns have also been described for hydrothermally-altered zircon from the Gabel Hamradom granite, Egypt, and a granitic dyke from the Acasta Gneiss Complex, Canada.Hadean (∼4.5–4.0 Ga) zircon from the Jack Hills, Western Australia, have variable normalized REE patterns. In particular, the oldest piece of Earth—zircon crystal W74/2-36 (dated at 4.4 Ga)—contains both type-1 and type-2 patterns on a 50 μm scale, a phenomenon not yet reported for unaltered magmatic zircon. In the context of documented magmatic and hydrothermal zircon compositions from constrained samples from the BPZP and the literature, the type-2 patterns in crystal W74/2-36 and other Jack Hills Hadean (JHH) zircon are interpreted as hydrothermally-altered magmatic compositions. An alteration scenario, constrained by isotope and trace-element data, as well as α-decay event calculations, involving fluid/zircon cation and oxygen isotope exchange within partially metamict zones and minor dissolution/reprecipitation, may have occurred episodically for some JHH zircon and at ∼4.27 Ga for zircon W74/2-36. Type-2 compositions in JHH zircon are interpreted to represent localized exchange with a light-REE-bearing, high δ¹⁸O (∼6–10‰ or higher) fluid. Thus, a complex explanation involving “permanent” liquid water oceans, large-scale water/rock interaction and plate tectonics in the very early Archean is not necessary as the zircon textures and compositions are simply explained by exchange between partially metamict zircon and a low volume ephemeral fluid.  相似文献   

Synchrotron-excited luminescence of natural zircon     

Shchapova  Yu. V.  Votyakov  S. L.  Ivanov  V. Yu.  Pustovarov  V. A. 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2010,52(7):679-687

The luminescence properties of two single zircon crystals from kimberlite of Yakutia have been studied, excited by the DORIS HASYLAB synchrotron, Germany, within energy range from the visible to the soft X-ray region (5–25, 50–200, and 500–620 eV) at temperatures of 300 and 10 K. The luminescence spectra in the range of 2.5 to 6.0 eV and excitation spectra of the main bands have been examined, the physical nature of the luminescence centers has been discussed, and the luminescence properties of a crystal containing growth (radiation) structural defects and a crystal with the same impurities but annealed in air at 1200°C are compared. The zoned structure of the mineral has been considered and the value of the energy gap (E _g) in the mineral has been estimated at 7.1 eV. Two groups of luminescence bands caused by impurities of intrinsic (growth, radiation) nature (E _max = 2.1, 2.7–2.8, and 3.2–3.3 eV) and matrix luminescence (E _max = 4.4−4.7 and 5.4 eV) probably with the participation of excitons were distinguished on the basis of selective excitation of zircon with different synchrotron energies relative to the gap value (E _excit < E _g, E _excit ∼ E _g, and E _excit ≫ E _g). The short-lived component with a response time of 4 ns has been revealed in the afterglow of zircon in the region of 5.4 eV.  相似文献   

Helium irradiation study on zircon     

Lutz Nasdala  Dieter Grambole  Jens Götze  Ulf Kempe  Tamás Váczi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,161(5):777-789

Synthetic ZrSiO₄ and (mildly to strongly radiation-damaged) natural zircon samples were irradiated with 8.8 MeV ⁴He²⁺ ions (fluences in the range 1 × 10¹³–5 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm²). For comparison, an additional irradiation experiment was done with 30 MeV ¹⁶O⁶⁺ ions (fluence 1 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm²). The light-ion irradiation resulted in the generation of new (synthetic ZrSiO₄) or additional (mildly to strongly metamict natural samples) damage. The maximum extent of the damage is observed in a shallow depth range approximately 32–33 μm (8.8 MeV He) and ~12 μm (30 MeV O) below the sample surface, i.e. near the end of the ion trajectories. These depth values, and the observed damage distribution, correspond well to defect distribution patterns as predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. The irradiation damage is recognised from the notable broadening of Raman-active vibrational modes, lowered interference colours (i.e. decreased birefringence), and changes in the optical activity (i.e. luminescence emission). At very low damage levels, a broad-band yellow emission centre is generated whereas at elevated damage levels, this centre is suppressed and samples experience a general decrease in their emission intensity. Most remarkably, there is no indication of notable structural recovery in pre-damaged natural zircon as induced by the light-ion irradiation, which questions the relevance of alpha-assisted annealing of radiation damage in natural zircon.  相似文献