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1.
袁林旺  陈晔 《冰川冻土》2000,22(4):327-332
采用柴达木盆地达参１井井自然伽玛（ＧＲ）曲线进行古气候反演,分析了ＧＲ曲线记录的末次间冰期以来的环境变迁过程,表明ＧＲ曲线忠实地记录了构造运动及气候变化的影响,与古里雅产,格陵兰冰芯所记录的气候事件均能均较好对应,表明柴达木盆地同时包含了高原隆升和全球性气候变化的信息,是反映古气候变化良好的信息载体之一,是反映内陆干旱盆地环境与气候变化良好的代用指标。  相似文献   

2.
珊瑚的古环境信息研究进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
珊瑚由于有独特的生物学和生态学特性,成为研究热带海洋环境的信息载体。珊瑚骨骼“年轮”的发现和TIMS铀系法高精度测年的应用奠定了珊瑚时间序列研究的基础,珊瑚骨骼的生长率、钙化率以及其中所含的元素、同位素成为示踪环境的重要手段。系统地评述了近年来这方面研究的进展情况,包括珊瑚骨骼的生长率、钙化率的环境意义;δ18O、Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca、U/Ca温度计的应用比较;珊瑚的荧光研究;以及TIMS铀系法测年等。这些研究反映出珊瑚作为研究热带海洋环境的信息载体的重要性,以及不同的地球化学代用指标的应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
用湖泊沉积研究过去气候变化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
湖泊沉积是一种具高分辨率的自然档案，记载了丰富的过去气候变迁信息；研究湖泊沉积，从中提取气候代用指标，可以恢复区域过去气候变迁史，进而推断过去全球气候变化。评述了目前研究和应用较多的十几种气候代用指标，如孢粉、碳和氧同位素、微体化石、分子化合物、碳酸钙含量、有机碳含量、藻类、沉积物粒径、矿物组合等；指出了当前特别重要的是要对各种气候代用指标的形成及其变化过程、气候代用指标的具体环境意义作深入细致的  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原东北缘作为响应东亚季风边缘区环境变化的理想场所,其丰富的沉积记录可反映详细的环境变化过程.重点对近30年来青藏高原东北缘沉积与环境演化研究中的年代学、环境代用指标、环境演化过程及区域一致性等方面的主要研究进展进行总结.青藏高原东北缘环境研究中粒度、磁化率、碳酸盐含量和以总有机碳、常微量元素为主的地球化学指标是最常用的研究手段;综合区域晚更新世以来沉积环境研究结果,将高原东北缘环境演化过程分成5个阶段,即在东亚季风和西风环流的共同影响下经历了温暖湿润—寒冷干燥—温暖偏湿—偏冷干燥转温凉偏湿—相对温湿转相对冷干的发展阶段;而青藏高原东北缘气候记录与亚洲区域及全球记录对比结果显示具有区域性,其主要因素可能是北半球太阳辐射变化的驱动所导致的高纬度温度和冰量变化以及北大西洋温盐环流的影响;青藏高原东北缘晚更新世可能存在两期大范围的高湖面,分别在MIS 3和MIS 5阶段,其时间的差异显示从高原内部向东北方向高湖面出现的时间逐渐变年轻,可能反映了高原东北缘构造与环境变化的响应.综合认为,未来青藏高原东北缘环境研究重点可从高分辨率沉积序列的建立、高湖面时间的确立以及更精确的环境代用指标应用等方面进一步深入研究,以期获得更高分辨的环境变化信息.  相似文献   

5.
采用柴达木盆地达参1井自然伽玛(GR)曲线进行古气候反演,分析了GR曲线记录的末次间冰期以来的环境变迁过程. 表明GR曲线忠实地记录了构造运动及气候变化的影响,与古里雅冰芯、格陵兰冰芯所记录的气候事件均能较好对应. 表明柴达木盆地同时包含了高原隆升和全球性气候变化的信息,是反映古气候变化良好的信息载体之一, 是反映内陆干旱盆地环境与气候变化良好的代用指标.  相似文献   

6.
湖泊沉积记录与过去全球变化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
介绍了国际全球变化研究的基本框架和主要的研究计划,分析了过去全球变化研究已取得的主要进展,系统探讨了湖泊沉积环境记录在过去全球变化研究中的应用前景。指出应大力加强湖泊沉积物各种环境代用指标的机理研究,逐步由定性研究向定量研究转变。  相似文献   

7.
毛乌素沙地晚第四纪地层特征与沙漠化研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
毛乌素沙地保存着晚第四纪以来的多种沉积序列,记录了过去数十万年以来的古气候变化信息。其在地层发育上过渡性明显,以神木、榆林、横山、靖边及定边一线的沙漠-黄土边界带最为典型,主要有风成沉积和河湖相沉积2种类型,其中古风成砂是这2类沉积剖面的典型地层特征。随着地层记录、精确测年技术等现代沉积学方法的进步以及与历史地理、环境考古、遥感技术相结合的综合研究,晚第四纪以来毛乌素沙地的沙漠演变研究精度不断提高,毛乌素沙地进退在不同的时空尺度下与冷暖期的多旋回变化相适应,经历了沙丘固定与活化的多次转变。毛乌素沙地沙漠化研究在指标运用上多直接沿用黄土区的环境代用指标,有必要建立适合沙漠-黄土过渡地区的环境代用指标,且将气候环境物理替代性指标与元素地球化学以及生物学指标相结合。毛乌素沙地内部沉积速率快、受人类活动干扰较小的湖泊沉积物,对于提高沉积物的分辨率、恢复短时间尺度的环境变化过程也具有显著优势。  相似文献   

8.
中国历史文献档案中的古环境记录   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  
我国的历史文献记录是古气候、古环境信息的重要来源，对古全球变化（PAGES）研究计划的目标时段——近2000年（人文记录和自然记录并存的时段）来说，尤其具有重要的科学价值。介绍了我国古文献中的古气候、古环境记录的概况和各项记录如水、旱、雨、雪等的数量统计，综述了这些记录被用于重建定量的气候序列、绘制历史气候复原图、编制古环境事件年表、获取高分辨率的古气候信息诸方面的主要进展。  相似文献   

9.
现代陆生植物碳同位素组成对气候变化的响应研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
植物组织的碳同位素组成(δ13C)能够记录气候变化的信息,因而被作为指示气候环境变化的一个重要代用指标,并广泛应用于全球变化研究。然而,气候环境变化引起的现代植物δ13C及其指示的气候环境意义的不确定性限制了植物δ13C在气候环境变化等领域研究中的应用。在概述植物碳同位素分馏和不同光合型植物碳同位素分布的基础上,综述了温度、降水、大气CO2浓度和海拔高度等气候环境因子对陆生植物δ13C的影响以及它们之间的关系,分析了植物δ13C对气候因子变化的响应机理。指出为更准确地认识气候历史,在利用植物碳同位素技术进行全球变化的研究过程中,需要突出C4植物δ13C对气候环境参数的响应研究,加强不同尺度植物δ13C的转换关系以及与相关学科的交叉渗透、探索与多种代用指标和科学方法的联合研究。  相似文献   

10.
雷州半岛地处热带北缘,受东亚季风影响强烈。以取自雷州半岛北部下录地区的埋藏泥炭沉积作为研究材料,测试分析了该岩心的汞浓度及其分布情况,将测试结果与其他气候环境代用指标如孢粉、炭屑、烧失量（LOI）以及有机碳同位素（δ13Corg）等进行对比分析,讨论自MIS（Marine Isotope Stages）-3晚期（约40 cal ka B.P.）至全新世早期（约6.9 cal ka B.P.）区域气候与环境变化影响下的汞沉积过程及可能的影响机制。结果显示:近4万年以来,沉积物的汞浓度与乔木类孢粉浓度的变化较吻合,两者之间显示出较高的相关性,揭示了晚更新世晚期以来,森林群落作为重要的地表汞库,在地区汞沉积过程中起到固定、储存和传输作用。此外,汞浓度与岩心中炭屑沉积通量（指示了区域性野火发生状况）的变化存在相反趋势,反映了区域性野火活动对地表植被以及土壤有机质的焚毁破坏,造成地表汞向大气的释放,不利于汞在地表和沉积物中的沉积与保存。对比不同区域的汞沉积记录发现,晚更新世晚期以来,下录泥炭汞浓度记录与全球其他地区汞记录、粉尘记录等具有较高的相似度,特别是MIS-2时期均存在明显峰值,反映了全球气候变化影响下,大气粉尘沉降对地表汞的输送和沉积具有较大贡献。  相似文献   

11.
We reconstruct SST from coral Sr/Ca ratios measured at three coral cores taken from the lagoon of Tahiti (French Polynesia). Two coral cores were drilled from the same coral colony (one horizontally and one vertically), and a third core was drilled vertically from another coral growing at a different site. We evaluate several Sr/Ca records as proxies for regional SST variations: (1) the three single-core records from Tahiti, (2) an average Sr/Ca record computed from the two cores drilled from the same coral colony, (3) an average Sr/Ca record computed from all three Tahiti cores, and (4) an average Sr/Ca record computed from the three Tahiti cores and a fourth core taken from a different island (Rarotonga). On a monthly scale, the average Sr/Ca record including the four coral cores from Tahiti and Rarotonga shows the best correlation with regional SST. The variance of the SST reconstruction is very realistic and the residual SST is low. This suggests that reconstructing SST from average proxy records gives a better representation of regional SST variations. Of the three Tahiti cores, the one that was drilled horizontally shows the best correlation with grid-SST on an annual mean scale. All three Tahiti corals show much larger interannual SST variations than that indicated by grid-SST.  相似文献   

12.
The high precision measurement of the Sr/Ca ratio in corals has the potential for measuring past sea surface temperatures at very high accuracy. However, the veracity of the technique has been questioned on the basis that there is both a spatial and temporal variation in the Sr/Ca ratio of seawater, and that kinetic effects, such as the calcification rate, can affect the Sr/Ca ratio of corals, and produce inaccuracies of the order of 2-4 °C. In the present study, a number of cores of the massive hermatypic scleractinian coral Porites, from the central Great Barrier Reef, have been analyzed for Sr/Ca at weekly to monthly resolution. Results from a 24 year record from Myrmidon Reef show an overall variation from 22.7 °C to 30.4 °C. The record shows a warming/cooling trend with maximum warming centred on the 1986-1987 summer. While some bleaching was reported to have occurred at Myrmidon Reef in 1982, the Sr/Ca record indicates that subsequent summer temperatures were much higher. The 4.5 year record from Stanley Reef shows a maximum SST of 30 °C during the 1997-1998 El Niño event. The calibrations from Myrmidon and Stanley Reefs are in excellent agreement with previously published calibrations from nearby reefs. While corals do not calcify in equilibrium with seawater due to physiological control on the uptake of Sr and Ca into the lattice of coralline aragonite, it can be argued that, provided only a single genus such as Porites sp. is used, and that the coral is sampled along a major vertical growth axis, then the Sr/Ca ratio should vary uniformly with temperature. Similarly, objections based on the spatial and temporal variability of the Sr/Ca activity ratio of seawater can be countered on the basis that in most areas where coral reefs grow there is a uniformity in the Sr/Ca activity ratio, and there does not appear to be a change in this ratio over the growth period of the coral. Evidence from several corals in this study suggest that stress can be a major cause of the breakdown in the Sr/Ca-SST relationship. Thermal stress, resulting from either extremely warm or cool temperatures, can produce anomalously low Sr/Ca derived SSTs as a result of the breakdown of the biological control on Sr/Ca fractionation. It is considered that other stresses, such as increased nutrients and changes in light intensity, can also lead to a breakdown in the Sr/Ca-SST relationship. Two of the main issues affecting the reliability of the Sr/Ca method are the calibration of the Sr/Ca ratio with measured SST and the estimation of tropical last glacial maximum (LGM) palaeotemperatures. Instead of producing a constant calibration, just about every one published so far is different from the others. What is obvious is that for most calibrations while the slope of the calibration equation is similar, the intercepts are not. While the cause for this variation is still unknown, it would appear that corals from different localities around the world are responding to their own particular environment or that certain types of environments exert a control on the corals’ physiology. Sr/Ca derived SST estimates for the LGM and deglaciation of 5 °C-6 °C cooler than present are at odds with estimates of 2 °C-3 °C cooling by other climate proxies. The apparent lack of reef growth during the LGM suggests that SSTs were too cold in many parts of the tropics for reefs to develop. This would lend support to the idea that tropical SSTs were much cooler than what the CLIMAP data suggests.  相似文献   

13.
Coral proxy records of sea surface temperature (SST) and hydrological balance have become important tools in the field of tropical paleoclimatology. However, coral aragonite is subject to post-depositional diagenetic alteration in both the marine and vadose environments. To understand the impact of diagenesis on coral climate proxies, two mid-Holocene Porites corals from raised reefs on Muschu Island, Papua New Guinea, were analysed for Sr/Ca, δ18O, and δ13C along transects from 100% aragonite to 100% calcite. Thin-section analysis showed a characteristic vadose zone diagenetic sequence, beginning with leaching of primary aragonite and fine calcite overgrowths, transitional to calcite void filling and neomorphic, fabric selective replacement of the coral skeleton. Average calcite Sr/Ca and δ18O values were lower than those for coral aragonite, decreasing from 0.0088 to 0.0021 and −5.2 to −8.1‰, respectively. The relatively low Sr/Ca of the secondary calcite reflects the Sr/Ca of dissolving phases and the large difference between aragonite and calcite Sr/Ca partition coefficients. The decrease in δ18O of calcite relative to coral aragonite is a function of the δ18O of precipitation. Carbon-isotope ratios in secondary calcite are variable, though generally lower relative to aragonite, ranging from −2.5 to −10.4%. The variability of δ13C in secondary calcite reflects the amount of soil CO2 contributing 13C-depleted carbon to the precipitating fluids. Diagenesis has a greater impact on Sr/Ca than on δ18O; the calcite compositions reported here convert to SST anomalies of 115°C and 14°C, respectively. Based on calcite Sr/Ca compositions in this study and in the literature, the sensitivity of coral Sr/Ca-SST to vadose-zone calcite diagenesis is 1.1 to 1.5°C per percent calcite. In contrast, the rate of change in coral δ18O-SST is relatively small (−0.2 to 0.2°C per percent calcite). We show that large shifts in δ18O, reported for mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial corals with warmer than present Sr/Ca-SSTs, cannot be caused by calcite diagenesis. Low-level calcite diagenesis can be detected through X-ray diffraction techniques, thin section analysis, and high spatial resolution sampling of the coral skeleton and thus should not impede the production of accurate coral paleoclimate reconstructions.  相似文献   

14.
珊瑚是地球上最古老的原住民,具有近6×108年的发育史,弱势群居、喜温和原地长成是珊瑚的基本特征。作者介绍了珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,综述了跨十年调查的研究区珍贵照片资料和相关认识,指出中国是全球主要的珊瑚-珊瑚礁国家,地位举足轻重;珊瑚-珊瑚礁作为地球生物多样性的代表,造岛、固礁、护鱼、防护岛岸流失,形成南海四大群岛280余座岛、礁、滩、沙,所构建庞大海洋生态系统是无与伦比的海洋生态资源和寸土寸金的南海海洋国土。提出划分南海珊瑚-珊瑚礁为中央区和周缘区2个分布区,阐述了南海中央区珊瑚-珊瑚礁的基本特征,系统汇集报道了间隔10年2个科考航次调查在浅水礁盘浮潜、至20 m水深浅潜-深潜和礁盘及开展岛、礁、滩、沙地质调查的发现,包括科学定名46种六放石珊瑚和6种八放软珊瑚等成果,同时,收集了西沙、中沙、东沙和南沙群岛海域的相关调查航次珊瑚照片;进一步阐述了单体环礁和复合环礁的特征及分布,并进行了初步对比,指出永乐环礁是南海唯一一个真正的切合达尔文模式的环礁,也是环礁发展到最高阶段的产物,构成现代海洋珊瑚-珊瑚礁形成演化研究最好的天然实验室。  相似文献   

15.
文章采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)的方法测定了1986~1996年海南岛东部海域滨珊瑚的Sr/Ca比值,建立了该海域月分辨率的Sr/Ca海水表面温度计方程:SST(℃)=170-16 (mmol/mol),n = 133,r=0.80,p=0.01, 此与韦刚健等在西沙海域建立的温度计方程:SST(℃)=169-16.7 (mmol/mol)一致,这表明南海中、北部海域也出现有相似的微量元素温度计。此外,文章还分析了在某些年月份SST的实测值和计算值出现的显著差别,探讨了可能造成的海洋气象环境因素。  相似文献   

16.
In order to assess the fidelity of coral Sr/Ca for quantitative reconstructions of sea surface temperature variations, we have generated three monthly Sr/Ca time series from Porites corals from the lagoon of Peros Banhos (71°E, 5°S, Chagos Archipelago). We find that all three coral Sr/Ca time series are well correlated with instrumental records of sea surface temperature (SST) and air temperature. However, the intrinsic variance of the single-core Sr/Ca time series differs from core to core, limiting their use for quantitative estimates of past temperature variations. Averaging the single-core data improves the correlation with instrumental temperature (r > 0.7) and allows accurate estimates of interannual temperature variations (~0.35°C or better). All Sr/Ca time series indicate a shift towards warmer temperatures in the mid-1970s, which coincides with the most recent regime shift in the Pacific Ocean. However, the magnitude of the warming inferred from coral Sr/Ca differs from core to core and ranges from 0.26 to 0.75°C. The composite Sr/Ca record from Peros Banhos clearly captures the major climatic signals in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, i.e. the El Niño–southern oscillation and the Pacific decadal oscillation. Moreover, composite Sr/Ca is highly correlated with tropical mean temperatures (r = 0.7), suggesting that coral Sr/Ca time series from the tropical Indian Ocean will contribute to multi-proxy reconstructions of tropical mean temperatures.  相似文献   

17.
高分辨率古海水温度记录──珊瑚Ｓｒ／Ｃａ比值韦刚健，李献华（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词ＳＳＴ记录Ｓｒ／Ｃａ比值，珊瑚礁１弓】言研究第四纪古气候古环境变化，了解过去的气候演变规律，对预测未来气候变化趋势有重要意义，而依据地质...  相似文献   

18.
利用全谱直读等离子体光谱(ICPAES)的分析方法精确分析了南海珊瑚的SrCa和MgCa比值,结合实测表层海水温度(SST),标定了海南岛南部三亚海域和西沙海域两个滨珊瑚的SrCa和MgCa温度计。在此基础上,尝试对两个南海北部全新世时期的珊瑚进行SST记录重建。结果显示约540aB.P.(小冰期)西沙海域夏季月均SST较现代低约1℃,而约6500aB.P.(大暖期)海南岛三亚海域夏季月均SST则高出现代1.0～1.5℃。  相似文献   

19.
The integrity of coral-based reconstructions of past climate variability depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the effects of post-depositional alteration on coral skeletal geochemistry. Here we combine millimeter-scale and micro-scale coral Sr/Ca data, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and X-ray diffraction with previously published δ18O records to investigate the effects of submarine and subaerial diagenesis on paleoclimate reconstructions in modern and young sub-fossil corals from the central tropical Pacific. In a 40-year-old modern coral, we find secondary aragonite is associated with relatively high coral δ18O and Sr/Ca, equivalent to sea-surface temperature (SST) artifacts as large as −3 and −5 °C, respectively. Secondary aragonite observed in a 350-year-old fossil coral is associated with relatively high δ18O and Sr/Ca, resulting in apparent paleo-SST offsets of up to −2 and −4 °C, respectively. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of secondary aragonite yield Sr/Ca ratios ranging from 10.78 to 12.39 mmol/mol, significantly higher compared to 9.15 ± 0.37 mmol/mol measured in more pristine sections of the same fossil coral. Widespread dissolution and secondary calcite observed in a 750-year-old fossil coral is associated with relatively low δ18O and Sr/Ca. SIMS Sr/Ca measurements of the secondary calcite (1.96-9.74 mmol/mol) are significantly lower and more variable than Sr/Ca values from more pristine portions of the same fossil coral (8.22 ± 0.13 mmol/mol). Our results indicate that while diagenesis has a much larger impact on Sr/Ca-based paleoclimate reconstructions than δ18O-based reconstructions at our site, SIMS analyses of relatively pristine skeletal elements in an altered coral may provide robust estimates of Sr/Ca which can be used to derive paleo-SSTs.  相似文献   

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