共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
利用江苏和山东地区70个农田和非农田表土样品研究不同土地类型的花粉特征,为使用孢粉作为研究手段分析古代农业提供重要参考资料。结果表明所有植被类型的花粉谱均以草本花粉为主,但是含量明显不同,表现为农田>荒地>林地。其中禾本科谷物类型含量的变化最大,农田最高达41%,荒地高于11%,林地低于8%。谷物类禾本科花粉传播距离很短,其百分含量在10~20m内急剧衰减至27.6%,500m以外降低至20%以下;十字花科花粉也有相似的变化规律。藜科花粉对农田和荒地具有同等指示意义,可能与人类活动强度与方式有关。中华卷柏含量增加表明人类活动加强。油菜、水稻、小麦和玉米等谷物类花粉产量或者在土壤中保存存在差异:十字花科>玉米型禾本科>水稻型禾本科>小麦型禾本科。降趋势对应分析(DCA)结果表明,通过花粉相对百分含量,可以较好地区分水田、麦田和非农田,但油稻田与麦稻田、荒地与林地难以区分。 相似文献
2.
人类对现代植被的影响已经成为解释过去人类活动及其环境效应的关键问题。对西北干旱区40个农田和荒地表土样品花粉组合的研究表明：农田花粉平均浓度（7227粒/g）明显低于荒地（32704粒/g）;农田中农作物花粉含量高于荒地,但并不占绝对优势,农田花粉组合不仅反映农田本身的植被组成,而且还反映地方或区域植被组成状况;农田中灌木花粉含量低于荒地,杂草花粉类型比荒地丰富;藜科、蒿属、麻黄花粉都占有较高比例,普遍呈超代表性;不同的农作物花粉百分比指示该样品所在地或周围不同的农作物类型。聚类分析进一步表明了农田/荒地花粉组合特征的一致性：葡萄花粉在葡萄地的含量均相当高,而在其他植被类型中很少出现,花粉组合特征一致性较好;棉田棉花花粉含量低,其他植物花粉含量高,花粉组合特征与荒地相似,很难与荒地区分开来;如果农田和荒地比较接近,农田农作物花粉含量又比较低,则两种植被类型花粉组合特征就较为相似。 相似文献
3.
气候变化尤其干湿变化对人类活动具有重要影响,高分辨率地重建过去的干湿变化是研究区域干湿变化的基础,同时也为未来气候变化提供依据。目前针对华北地区小冰期高分辨率的气候变化研究还较少,特别是干湿变化研究更少。本研究在3个AMS-14C测年的基础上,通过99个样品的孢粉、炭屑、粒度等指标高分辨率地重建了该地区小冰期以来的气候干湿变化特征及与人类活动强度的关系。结果表明:小冰期之前(约1340 A.D.)乔木花粉含量多在25%以上,指示流域植被以森林草地景观为主,沉积物颗粒较粗,沉积环境不稳定,气候较为湿润。小冰期期间(1340~1920 A.D.)乔木花粉多降低至15%以下,喜干的藜科、荨麻属和葎草属花粉含量明显增加,指示气候整体变干,但不同阶段变干程度又存在明显差异:小冰期早期(1340~1580 A.D.)孢粉组合中喜干的藜科花粉含量逐渐增加,湿生植物花粉含量减少,PCA axis 1得分值多在0~1之间,显示气候偏干。该时期与人类活动有关的炭屑浓度、农作物(禾本科≥35μm)花粉和磷(P)含量均最低,说明小冰期早期研究区人类活动强度相对较弱;小冰期中期(1580~1800 A.D.)喜干的藜科、荨麻属和葎草属花粉含量达到最高值,PCA axis 1得分值较小冰期早期更正偏,指示气候更为干旱。炭屑浓度、伴人植物、磷(P)含量和农作物(禾本科≥35μm)花粉均达最高值,指示人类活动强度明显增强;小冰期晚期(1800~1920 A.D.)湿生的禾本科和水生植物狐尾藻属等花粉含量达到最高值,PCA axis 1得分值负偏,指示气候变湿润。该阶段农作物(禾本科≥35μm)花粉、炭屑浓度和磷(P)含量较上一时期均略有降低,表明人类活动强度较小冰期中期略有降低。小冰期以后(1920年至今)喜湿的禾本科和水生植物狐尾藻属花粉含量减少,与小冰期晚期相比,气候向着干旱化方向发展. 相似文献
4.
小南屯砂砾石层成因争论较大。通过孢粉学研究表明:该孢粉组合是以草本植物花粉为主,木本植物花粉为辅。在草本植物花粉中,又以蒿属占绝对优势,加上藜科、禾本科为特征的干燥寒冷气候带的孢粉组合,表明该砂砾石层为冰水堆积物。 相似文献
5.
湖北屈家岭遗址附近的河湖相沉积剖面及文化层的孢粉和炭屑分析表明,距今5400—4200年间,遗址周边地区分布有常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶林,大量的禾本科(Gramineae)和松属(Pinus)花粉及炭屑表明这一时期有强烈的人类活动,暖湿的气候条件为屈家岭文化和石家河文化发展奠定了基础。距今4200—2200年间,莎草科（Cyperaceae）花粉和水蕨(Ceratopteris)孢子的减少反映生境干旱化,遗址周边发育由蒿属（Artemisia）、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、唐松草（Thalictrum）和蕨类植物组成的坡草丛;这种生境干旱化是由气候变干和强烈人类活动所致。伴随着生境日趋干旱化,屈家岭文化和石家河文化走向衰亡。距今2200年前,莎草科花粉和水蕨孢子含量增加表明这一时期遗址周围生境比较湿润,与此同时,大量的禾本科花粉及高浓度的炭屑指示着又一人类活动高潮期的到来。 相似文献
6.
基于坝上草原地区30个采样点表土花粉分析和植被调查的研究结果显示,花粉组合以蒿属、藜科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科等草本植物为主,基本能够反映草原植被特征,但花粉百分比与其在植被中盖度差异明显.运用Extended R-Value(ERV)模型估算的坝上草原区相关花粉源范围大致为2100m,当风速大于3.5m/s时,基本稳定,受风速影响不大.估算的相对花粉产量结果显示,蒿属和藜科的相对花粉产量最高,为禾本科的20倍左右;其次为莎草科和菊科,为禾本科的7～9倍;百合科略高于禾本科;旋花科、豆科、唇形科及委陵菜属的相对花粉产量则明显低于禾本科.利用相对花粉产量对花粉与植被关系的校正结果表明:蒿属、藜科的校正效果明显,其相对花粉产量可以作为定量重建古植被的参考;莎草科、菊科、百合科和唇形科由于受植被和花粉数据梯度限制,其相对花粉产量能否用于植被与花粉关系的校正有待通过更多植被群落调查进一步证实;其他花粉类型由于在花粉组合中含量多低于5％,所以在校正花粉与植被关系时的作用不明显. 相似文献
7.
对柴达木盆地察尔汗古贝壳堤剖面的沉积物进行孢粉分析,结果显示这个地区植被与气候在晚更新世中晚期经历以下几个阶段的变化:36.2～31.2kaB.P.(未校正14C年代,下同)期间,以禾本科、藜科、蒿属、莎草科为主,发育草原-草甸植被,气候温和湿润,盘星藻出现较多,反映淡水湖泊,水深在10m左右;31.2～27.6kaB.P.期间,松属、云杉属、桦属等为主的木本植物的含量增加,周围山地森林发育,表明气候温暖,降水量增多。但由于蒸发量大,有效湿度下降,荒漠成分柽柳属等增加,盘星藻在30kaB.P.以后消失,反映湖泊盐度增大;27.6～23.3kaB.P.期间,植被中荒漠成分显著增加,周围山地森林萎缩,气候趋向相对寒冷干旱,湖面积缩小;23.3～18.0kaB.P.,孢粉浓度很低,蒺藜科、藜科等荒漠成分明显增加,植被稀疏,已趋向荒漠化草原,反映气候寒冷干旱。从整个剖面来看,主要的陆生植物孢粉类型为禾本科、柽柳属、蒺藜科、麻黄属、松属、云杉属、柏科、胡桃属和桦属等,藜科和蒿属含量很少,这与柴达木盆地东部地区的表土分析结果完全不同,也与其他草原以及荒漠草原的表土花粉结果相异。这说明晚更新世中晚期柴达木盆地东部地区的植被和现在无法进行比较,气候环境与现在显著不同。 相似文献
8.
新疆地区是史前游牧文化与农业文化交融的重要区域,而地处新疆西天山地区的阿敦乔鲁青铜时代遗址,是古代人类活动、文化发展与演化过程的重要时空节点。但是目前对该遗址古人生存策略,尤其是对于当时人们的饮食结构和遗址的季节性使用的认识,存在不同观点。本研究通过对阿敦乔鲁遗址中房址内堆积物、羊粪化石以及遗址周边现代羊粪、自然地层进行植硅体、孢粉分析,发现了农作物植硅体以黍(Panicum miliaceum)和麦类作物的稃片为主,遗址使用后期出现少量的粟(Setaria italica),揭示了该遗址农作物组成以黍、大/小麦(Hordeum spp./Triticum spp.)为主,兼有粟的混合结构。在秋季(9月份)采集的现代羊粪中,孢粉种类(24个科/属)和浓度(平均65533粒/g)显著高于羊粪化石的孢粉种类(9个科/属)和浓度(平均27189粒/g),且现代羊粪以蒿属(Artemisia)植物(7~10月开花结籽)花粉为主(平均54.95%),羊粪化石中蒿属植物花粉仅有19.20%。来自早熟禾亚科(Pooideae)种子稃片的植硅体,在现代羊粪中的含量(平均3.62%)显著低于在羊粪化石中的含量(平均13.84%),羊粪孢粉和植硅体分析结果,揭示了阿敦乔鲁遗址羊类放牧时间应该处于花期结束后,植物已结籽的秋-冬季节,为阿敦乔鲁遗址冬季牧场的性质提供了植物学证据。同时房址内火塘、活动面和储藏间的堆积中植硅体组合与羊粪化石植硅体组合接近,暗示了羊粪可能被大量收集储藏,作为主要的铺垫物和冬季燃料使用。研究结果对于深化青铜时代以来新疆西天山地区古人生存策略、食物结构等的认识具有重要的推动作用。 相似文献
9.
岱海位于半干旱区东部边缘及东亚夏季风的尾闾区，生态环境体系脆弱，气候和环境变化敏感，是研究环境变化的理想地区。65个湖泊表层及入湖河流冲积物样品的孢粉分析揭示了岱海表层孢粉沉积特征及孢粉来源。岱海表层孢粉主要来源于区域性植被的孢粉，其总体特征反映了区域植被的组成，但不同部位孢粉组合的差异反映了湖滨当地植被的变化。受沉积环境的影响，岱海湖区孢粉浓度总体上要低于入湖河流孢粉浓度，湖区中部孢粉浓度最高。岱海孢粉以河流携带的为主，同时受风力传播的影响。蒿、藜科、桦、虎榛子等花粉和蕨类孢子以河流搬运的为主，松、禾本科及莎草科花粉可能还受风力传播的影响。一些仅在个别样品中出现且百分比很低的花粉类型如豆科、十字花科等还有可能是昆虫、鸟类或人类活动携带而来。 相似文献
10.
新疆博斯腾湖表层沉积物的孢粉分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对新疆博斯腾湖的表层沉积物孢粉的分析, 探讨了干旱区大型湖泊中表层沉积物孢粉与周围植被的关系以及孢粉在湖泊中的分布和传播规律. 研究发现, 博斯腾湖表层沉积物中孢粉主要是来源于周围荒漠植被中的藜科、蒿属、麻黄等植物以及湖泊四周浅水地带生长的香蒲等水生植物. 藜科、蒿属、麻黄等花粉的传播过程主要受大风作用的影响, 而且百分比含量在整个湖盆中的分布比较稳定, A/C值能够反映区域目前的干旱状况; 香蒲等水生植物花粉的百分比含量主要受其母体植物分布的影响. 云杉花粉在河口区域的相对高百分比含量表明其河流传播特征; 云杉花粉在湖泊中的低百分比含量与整个流域的植被及其分布状况以及区域的气候条件有关; 云杉花粉具有超代表性. 近河口湖泊表层样品孢粉组合受河流和近岸植被的影响较大, 但距离超过2 km以后湖泊沉积花粉百分比含量较为稳定. 孢粉的质量浓度分布显示, 孢粉在湖盆中的分布有比较强的趋中性. 博斯腾湖中部沉积物孢粉序列能够很好记录区域的植被变化历史和环境演化特征. 相似文献
11.
Shengrui Zhang Qinghai Xu Anne Birgitte Nielsen Hui Chen Yuecong Li Manyue Li Lingyun Hun Jianyong Li 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2012,41(4):602-613
The Qaidam Basin is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in China, owing to its unique geographical position and ecological condition. In this study, 32 surface‐soil pollen samples were collected to reveal the relationship between modern pollen assemblages, vegetation and precipitation in the eastern region of the Qaidam Basin. The results show that Chenopodiaceae (3.8–87%, average 48%), Artemisia (1.7–64.2%, average 17.5%) and Ephedra (0–90%, average 16.3%) are the dominant pollen types in all samples, and that different pollen assemblages correspond to different vegetation types. DCA and CCA of major pollen types demonstrate that precipitation is an important factor in the control of the distribution of vegetation in the study area. The content and concentration of the three major pollen types (Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra) change with the mean annual precipitation, and the optimum mean annual precipitation for Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia is <80, 80–200 and >160 mm, respectively. Correlation analysis between the variation in grain size of the three major pollen types and the main environmental variables shows that the grain size of the three pollen types is positively correlated with precipitation in the Qaidam Basin. The results confirm that precipitation is the most important environmental factor in the Qaidam Basin, and that it has an important effect on pollen grain size in the study area. 相似文献
12.
Xiaozhong HUANG Gang ZHOU Yanlin MA Qinghai XU Fahu CHEN 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(2):174-180
The interpretation of the pollen records from lake sediments is always hampered by a lack of information relating to different
pollen production, transportation, deposition, and preservation. It is important to understand the modern process of pollen
sedimentation and its climatic implications. This paper presents results from a palynological study on 61 surface sediments
samples from Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China. Our results suggest that Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia dominate the modern pollen assemblages and have stable percentages at most sites of the lake basin except for the estuary
area. Pollen Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio is about 0.5, indicating the dry climate of the region. Principle Components Analysis (PCA) of pollen
data can identify the pollen samples as several ecological groups from different parts of the lake. Pollen transportation
dynamics and the mixing effect of lake currents and waves on pollen deposition have affected the pollen assemblages. The distribution
of Typha pollen seems to be affected by the location where the parent plants grow. Picea pollen has higher percentages at estuary area, suggesting fluvial transport. Pollen concentration has high values at the
central part of the lake basin due to the sedimentation focusing process effect. Our results suggest that the pollen assemblages
of the sediment core from the central part of the lake can potentially record the regional vegetation history. 相似文献
13.
Qingfeng Ma Liping Zhu Xinmiao Lu Yong Wang Yun Guo Junbo Wang Jianting Ju Ping Peng Lingyu Tang 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):242-253
The relationships amongst modern pollen assemblages, vegetation, climate and human activity are the basis for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes using pollen records. It is important to determine these relationships at regional scales due to the development of vegetation under different climatic conditions and human activities. In this paper, we report on an analysis of modern pollen assemblages of 31 surface lake samples from 31 lakes (one sample per lake) on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau where the knowledge of modern pollen and their relationships with vegetation, climate and human activities is insufficient. The region includes five vegetation zones: sub‐alpine shrub steppe, alpine steppe, alpine meadow and steppe ecotone, mountain desert and alpine desert. The lakes span a wide range of mean annual precipitation (50–500 mm) and mean annual temperature (?8 to 6 °C). Modern pollen assemblages from our samples mainly consist of herb taxa (Artemisia, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, etc.) and some tree taxa (Pinus, Fagaceae, Alnus, etc.). The results indicate that modern pollen assemblages are able to reflect the main vegetation distribution. Redundancy analysis for the main pollen types and environmental variables shows that precipitation is the leading factor that influences the pollen distribution in the study area with the first axis capturing 13.7% of the variance in the pollen data set. The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio is valid for separating the desert component (<2) from the steppe and other vegetation zones (>2) but is unable to distinguish moisture variations. The Artemisia/Cyperaceae ratio is able to identify meadows (<1) and steppes (>1) and can be used as a moisture index on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that an appropriate range is needed for a modern pollen data set in order to perform pollen‐based quantitative climate reconstructions in one region. It is essential to perform modern studies before using pollen ratios to reconstruct palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate at a regional scale. 相似文献
14.
中国北方草原区捕捉器样品与表土样品中的花粉组合对比研究表明,两种取样方法获得的花粉组合相似性较好,乔木花粉含量多低于10％〖KG-*5〗, 灌木花粉含量多低于5％〖KG-*5〗,草本花粉含量多高于75％;共有的花粉种类占总花粉种类数的743％;蒿属和藜科是花粉组合的最主要成分;荒漠草原区常见麻黄和白刺花粉,典型草原区多为狼毒和莎草科花粉。花粉组合与气候关系的DCCA（降趋典型对应分析）分析结果显示,花粉组合与最冷月温度的相关性最显著,其次为年降水量。捕捉器样品与表土样品中的花粉组成也存在一定差异,表现为前者较后者出现更多的花粉类型,前者的蒿属、藜科花粉含量低于70％〖KG-*5〗,后者的则高于70％。荒漠草原区花粉通量低于典型草原区,反映典型草原区植被较荒漠草原区发育,花粉产量高于荒漠草原区。典型草原区表土花粉浓度也明显高于荒漠草原区（高一数量级）,除典型草原区植被发育、花粉产量高的原因外,荒漠草原区不利于花粉保存,也是造成花粉浓度低的另一个重要原因。花粉组合判别分析表明,捕捉器样品和表土样品均能较好地区分出荒漠草原与典型草原,但捕捉器样品交叉检验结果好于表土样品。 相似文献
15.
Khadijeh Alinezhad Elias Ramezani Morteza Djamali Arash Sharifi Alireza Naqinezhad Cyril Aubert Emmanuel Gandouin Ali Pourmand 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(4):598-610
Palynological and geochemical analyses provide valuable information about modern and past climatic regimes and vegetation. The impact of climate and humans on past vegetation in the semi-arid areas of northwestern Iran has received increased interest in the wake of warming temperatures in the Middle East. Palynological and down-core XRF elemental abundances from a peat core from Lake Neor enabled a reconstruction of vegetational changes of the past 7000 years over the highlands of northwestern Iran. Periods of increased arboreal pollen (AP) types and high (Artemisia + Poaceae)/Chenopodiaceae ratios along with low titanium abundances, high percentages of total organic carbon, more negative δD values, and higher carbon accumulation rates suggest a relatively wet climate. These conditions have persisted during the periods 6700–6200, 5200–4450 and 3200–2200 cal a bp. The overall low AP values, substantial rise of Chenopodiaceae, high Ti abundances and low values of palaeo-redox proxies, are all evidences of a drier climate, as has been reconstructed for the periods 6200–5200 and 4030–3150 cal a bp and the last 2200 years. An important feature of the last centuries is the increase of anthropogenic and pastoral indicator pollen types. Our results may provide basic data to predict future trends in vegetation dynamics under future climate change in western Asia. 相似文献
16.
来自中国北方20个典型灌丛群落的54个表土样品的花粉组合特征研究表明除蒿及沙棘灌丛外,其它灌丛中的优势植物种类在表土花粉组合中的百分比多数低于20%。阔叶林区灌丛与荒漠区和草原区灌丛表土花粉组合差别较大。阔叶林区灌丛中常有一定量的中华卷柏,蒿属和藜科百分比之和低于40%,花粉类型多样性指数多高于2.0;而草原区及荒漠区中华卷柏很少出现,蒿藜百分比高于50%,花粉类型多样性指数多低于2.0。落叶阔叶林区灌丛花粉组合中,松蒿比(P/A)大于0.1,而草原及荒漠区灌丛则小于0.1,但草原区灌丛蒿藜比(A/C)大于1,荒漠区则小于1。将松蒿比(P/A)与蒿藜比(A/C)、花粉类型多样性指数联合起来可较好地将荒漠、草原及落叶阔叶林区灌丛分开。 相似文献
17.
Furong Li Jinghui Sun Yan Zhao Xiaoli Guo Wenwei Zhao Ke Zhang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(3):253-258
Pollen ratios have been commonly used to indicate landscape change and climate variation. However, the reliability of these
indicators needs to be verified by studies on modern pollen process. Here, we synthesized the major pollen ratios used in
previous studies and found that pollen ratios are valuable indicators for the change of vegetation types and climate, e.g.,
precipitation and moisture. Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratio could increase from desert to steppe and positively correlate with mean annual precipitation (MAP).
Artemisia/Cyperaceae (A/Cy) ratio could be used to identify cool meadow and warm steppe, and it is positively correlated with temperature
of July (TJuly) and negatively correlated with MAP. Arboreal pollen/nonarboreal pollen (AP/NAP) ratio can be used as a semi-quantitative
indicator for landscape and regional precipitation changes. In spite of the significant climatic and environmental implications
of the pollen ratios, they were also questioned in some studies under various circumstances and thus caution is needed when
using them to indicate climate in different vegetation zones. 相似文献