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《中国地质调查》2020,(4)
石膏是一种重要的矿产资源,但石膏矿的大量开采会产生严重的采空塌陷隐患。目前关于石膏矿采空塌陷的研究多集中于采空区矿柱和护顶层的稳定性等方面,有关矿区采空塌陷地表变形及监测预报方面的研究甚少,也缺乏有效的研究方法。针对石膏矿开采后地面变形特征及塌陷特征研究,通过对矿区InSAR监测数据进行地表变形分析,确定了采空塌陷前的地表变形特征。根据邳州平台矿和希州矿2007—2018年InSAR监测数据进行计算分析,可以看出地面塌陷前,地表存在早期缓慢变形,可根据变形量及范围判断塌陷类型及范围。对InSAR监测数据的计算和分析可为矿区地面塌陷地质灾害的监测、预报及防治提供数据资料与科学依据。 相似文献
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石膏是一种重要的矿产资源,但石膏矿的大量开采会产生严重的采空塌陷隐患。目前关于石膏矿采空塌陷的研究多集中于采空区矿柱和护顶层的稳定性等方面,有关矿区采空塌陷地表变形及监测预报方面的研究甚少,也缺乏有效的研究方法。针对石膏矿开采后地面变形特征及塌陷特征研究,通过对矿区InSAR监测数据进行地表变形分析,确定了采空塌陷前的地表变形特征。根据邳州平台矿和希州矿2007—2018年InSAR监测数据进行计算分析,可以看出地面塌陷前,地表存在早期缓慢变形,可根据变形量及范围判断塌陷类型及范围。对InSAR监测数据的计算和分析可为矿区地面塌陷地质灾害的监测、预报及防治提供数据资料与科学依据。 相似文献
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安徽省淮北市煤炭资源最为丰富,煤矿开采形成了采空塌陷灾害,对矿区生态环破坏境严重。本文煤矿采空塌陷灾害现状及其发展趋势进行了分析,并进行了治理分区,总结了采空塌陷的治理对策方法。 相似文献
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对采空塌陷场地进行稳定性评价是保证后续工程建设安全的重要前提。针对某磷矿急倾斜矿层采空塌陷场地稳定性评价影响因素多、地质采矿条件复杂的问题，提出了基于主成分层次聚类模型的稳定性判别方法。在确定采空塌陷场地稳定性评价范围的基础上，筛选了表征采空塌陷场地稳定性的8个主要指标作为学习样本进行训练，经主成分降维后，建立采空塌陷场地稳定性评价的AGNES（AGglomerative NESting）层次聚类模型并应用于该磷矿采空塌陷场地稳定性评价中。实验结果表明，采空塌陷场地稳定性影响因素的前4项主成分的累计贡献率为81.8%，较好地表征原始样本指标所包含的信息，采空塌陷场地稳定性总体能够与此区域城市规划不同用地性质的土地承载力相适应，并与其他手段评价结果相比较证明了主成分层次聚类模型应用于采空塌陷场地稳定性评价中的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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近年来,江苏省邳州市北部石膏矿区发生了20多起采空塌陷灾害。由于传统的采空区地表土体变形监测方法均难以满足采空区地面塌陷监测超前预报的要求,为解决石膏矿区采空塌陷监测预警机制缺乏的问题,邳北石膏矿区开展了基于光纤传感技术的监测预警工作。根据前期调查分析和数值模拟等成果推导石膏矿地面塌陷机理,并采用光纤传感器对采空区上覆... 相似文献
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曹金亮 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(3):71-74
长治市崔蒙地区因煤矿采空而引发地面塌陷,塌陷积水而使大量农田弃耕,当地经济发展受到极大的影响。本文在地面塌陷地质灾害勘察并查明地面塌陷现状基础上,分析了崔蒙地面塌陷的形成机理,并通过常规移动延续时间、残余移动变形时间估算结合塌陷区地表移动监测资料分析研究,认为地面塌陷仍将持续,只是变形速度较缓慢,不致诱发地裂缝,继续造成土地破坏或地表水体漏失的可能性较小。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质》2015,(3)
以梁家山坡(申家山)磷矿采空塌陷为例,分析了地下采矿所引起的斜坡体塌陷的形成原因,即采空区上覆岩体在重力作用下向坡体下方临空面发生变形、破裂和移动,其发育受地质因素与采矿因素共同作用的影响;并用不同经验式估算得出该区内受地下采空区影响的高程范围,证实申家山是由地下采矿引起的采空塌陷。然后将其与盐池河山崩相对比,对二者在外在表现、形成过程及形成原因方面的不同点展开了讨论,二者虽然同样受采空区的影响,但是由于地质条件的不同,导致最终的破坏型式不同。 相似文献
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天津地区构造沉降及控沉远景问题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
使用第四纪地质、统计地貌学和历史水准点调查等手段,研究了天津地区的构造沉降背景,讨论了控制地面沉降远景目标问题。研究工作使用天津地区第一海相层底板埋深、全新统地层钻孔、深层基岩标和历史水准点等一系列资料,获得天津市和邻近地区构造沉降的平均速率为1.7mm a左右。研究还发现了基底构造沉降背景具有这样一些规律:(1)从西部到东部沿海,区内沉降有逐渐增加的趋势。(2)沿海河发育了一条北西方向的构造沉降异常带。(3)以海河为界,沉降分布的方向不同,北部为北西西向,南部为北东方向,整体活动规律反映了活动断裂和基底构造的控制作用。 相似文献
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叠加于弧后前陆盆地挠曲沉降之上的另一类沉降——动力沉降 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
弧后前陆盆地挠曲沉降包括逆冲负载沉降和盆地沉积物负载沉降。叠加于挠曲沉降之上还存在另一类沉降,即动力沉降。动力沉降是动力地形的一种,即动力地形低。动力地形一般认为具有两种成因,一种为与超大陆集聚和分散有关的动力地形,另一种为与大洋板片俯冲有关的动力地形。由大洋板块俯冲产生的动力沉降往往分布于弧后前陆盆地区,其幅度、波长与板块俯冲角度、俯冲速率、俯冲板块在地幔中通过的位置和俯冲岩石圈的热年代密切相关。将通过弧后前陆盆地沉积地层的去压实得到的总沉降减去盆地模拟获得的逆冲带负载和盆地沉积物负载沉降可以得到剩余沉降,即动力沉降。从地层资料中定量分离出动力沉降为改进和限制长期以来悬而未决的由洋壳俯冲导致的地幔-粘性流动构造模型提供理论基础和实际资料。 相似文献
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Land subsidence in China 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
Land subsidence in China occurs in different regions. It is primarily caused by excessive groundwater withdrawal. Other reasons
for the subsidence include the oil, warm groundwater withdrawal and the neotectonic movement. The common characteristics of
land subsidence in China are slow, accumulative, irreversible, and other unique properties. The range of subsidence still
keeps extending and the accumulative subsidence increasing though some measures taken. Adjustment of the aquifer exploitation
practice is a subsidiary way to control land subsidence, but it cannot solve this problem completely. In a specfic way of
groundwater changing, the contribution of a certain soil layer to the total subsidence depends on its compressibility and
thickness. Besides the elasticity, both cohesive soil layers (aquitards) and sand layers (aquifers) are observed to be plastic
and creep when the groundwater level fluctuates in a specific way, which often leads to subsidence delay. 相似文献
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Mining subsidence engineering 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
If large, continuous cavities are created underground, as for example in coal mining, the layers of rock over the deposit
generally break and subside. The subsidence can be reduced in amount and severity by filling in, or “stowing,” the mine cavity
with waste material. In the course of subsiding, the land surface deforms into a generally flat, plate-shaped trough, the
edge of which travels ahead of the mine working.
The effects of mining may simultaneously cause a structure to subside, tilt, bend, and be extended or compressed, with extension
and compression sometimes alternating. Areas turned into swamp or placed permanently under groundwater have to be kept drained. 相似文献
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Land subsidence in Tianjin,China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Yi Lixin Zhang Fang Xu He Chen Shijie Wang Wei Yu Qiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(6):1151-1161
Land subsidence has been affecting Tianjin for the past 50 years. It leads to comprehensive detrimental effects on society,
the economy and natural environment. Overpumping of groundwater is the main cause. In 2008, the maximum cumulative subsidence
reached 3.22 m and the total affected area nearly 8,000 km2. The subsidence reached its most critical state in the early 1980s when it occurred at a rate as high as 110 mm/year. At
the same time, groundwater extraction had also reached a maximum of 1,200 million m3. By importing the Luan River to Tianjin and restricting exploitation of groundwater, hydraulic heads gradually recovered
after 1986 in all aquifers, and this has continued to the present in the second aquifer. The subsidence rate in urban areas
dropped to 10–15 mm/year. The area of groundwater extraction expanded to the suburban area with economic growth in the 1990s,
and it was shifted to the third and fourth aquifers. At present, with a subsidence rate of 30–40 mm/year, four new suburban
subsidence centers have been formed. Several measures were adopted to mitigate and prevent land subsidence disasters. These
included restricting groundwater exploitation, groundwater injection, prohibiting use in the specific zone, a pricing policy
for water resources, advocating water-saving technology, and strict enforcement of groundwater laws. Although the subsidence
area is still increasing slowly, the subsidence rate is being controlled. 相似文献
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Land subsidence in Bangkok, Thailand 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Land subsidence from deep well pumping has been affecting Bangkok for the past 35 years. Its impact is particularly critical because of the flat low-lying topography and the presence of a thick soft clay layer at the ground surface that augment flood risk and foundation engineering problems, respectively. The subsidence reached its most critical state in the early 1980s when it occurred at a rate as high as 120 mm/year. The rate decreased in the subsequent period but the subsidence-affected area expanded following the growth of the city. Despite various attempts implemented to remedy the crisis, groundwater pumping from the thick aquifer system underneath the city continued to increase from 1.2 million m3/day in the early 1980s to more than 2.0 million m3/day at the turn of the century. Piezometric levels in the main aquifer layers had been drawn down by as much as 65 m. Monitoring data showed a clear correlation between the subsidence and piezometric drawdown. The data suggested that for 1 m3 of groundwater pumped out in Bangkok Plain, approximately 0.10 m3 of ground loss occurred at the surface. Significant development has been made in numerical methods for prediction of differential settlements between building foundations caused by the piezometric drawdown in the aquifers. The strict mitigation measures adopted recently, comprising a pricing policy for groundwater management, an expansion of tap water supply, and strict enforcement of groundwater laws, have resulted in a marked drop in groundwater use. However, the land subsidence will continue for a long while owing to the time-dependent consolidation behavior of the soft clay layer and clay aquitards. 相似文献