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1.
采用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES),在乙醇-水混和溶剂中对预先经不同温度煅烧的蒙脱石进行改性。采用XRD、FTIR、热分析、元素分析、比表面积及孔分析等多种手段对产物进行分析。结果表明:硅烷主要赋存于蒙脱石层间,呈双层排布,少量嫁接于片层端面。热处理温度通过影响蒙脱石层间含水量,进而影响硅烷在层间的水解缩合。硅烷改性蒙脱石的过程为:硅烷分子通过阳离子交换插层至蒙脱石层间;随后水解生成的硅醇分子相互缩合;最终由于乙醇对硅烷水解的抑制作用以及蒙脱石片层相邻电荷位点存在一定的间距,与蒙脱石片层结合较弱的硅烷分子被洗脱,剩余的Si-O-Si交联网络在层间形成类似"柱子"结构。该硅烷改性蒙脱石与原始蒙脱石的比表面积相差不大,但其结构中微孔的比重增加。 相似文献
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3.
《地球化学》2020,(1)
水岩作用对页岩气藏的地球化学特性和高效开采研究具有重要的意义。为研究我国西南龙马溪组深层页岩气藏水岩作用的微观机制,针对龙马溪组深层页岩组构特征,建立了深层页岩典型黏土矿物(镁蒙脱石、铁蒙脱石和伊利石)水岩作用的分子动力学模型,分析含水量、温度和矿物特征变化对晶胞层间距和水分子扩散系数的影响,通过实验验证水岩作用对典型矿物微观结构的影响程度。研究表明,随着层间水分子数量增加,蒙脱石和伊利石晶胞层间距增大;随着温度增加,蒙脱石和伊利石晶胞层间距变化不明显,层间水分子扩散系数增加;含水量和温度一定,蒙脱石晶胞层间距远大于伊利石,而伊利石的晶胞层间水分子扩散系数远大于蒙脱石,且镁蒙脱石大于铁蒙脱石晶胞层间距,而铁蒙脱石的水分子扩散系数大于镁蒙脱石。上述研究表明,水含量增加会加剧典型黏土矿物晶层破坏的程度,而温度升高会引起典型矿物晶层破坏速度的增快。与浅层页岩相比,温度升高可能导致深部页岩水岩作用更加剧烈。 相似文献
4.
酸改性蒙脱石对煤气废水预处理的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据蒙脱石层间域的活性对其进行酸改性。对酸改性蒙脱石去除煤气废水中COD和色度的适宜条件、脱色机理进行了讨论。研究结果表明：天然蒙脱石经酸改性处理后，大幅度提高了对煤气废水中COD和色度的去除能力。在酸改性蒙脱石投加量为20g/L和pH6．5～7．5，处理时间30～40min，室温条件，静置时间7-8h，煤气废水COD和色度的去除率分别为69％～70％和76％。蒙脱石粘土可以为煤气废水预处理提供廉价高效的吸附剂。 相似文献
5.
高岭石和蒙脱石分别是暖湿和冷干气候带内典型土壤的代表性矿物,对二者吸附胡敏酸特点的对比研究可以为探索不同地带土壤中重金属的环境行为提供重要的依据。笔者通过一系列实验研究了pH值、离子强度和胡敏酸初始浓度对胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上吸附量的影响,重点剖析了引起高岭石和蒙脱石在吸附胡敏酸方面表现出的共性和差异的原因。研究结果表明:1)在pH=5条件下,胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着胡敏酸初始浓度和离子强度的升高而逐渐增加;2)胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低;3)pH<6时,高岭石吸附的胡敏酸量多于蒙脱石,pH>6时则相反。这是由高岭石和蒙脱石在不同pH条件下吸附胡敏酸的机制不同造成的。在pH<6时,高岭石与胡敏酸之间的静电引力起主导作用,其次是配位交换作用和氢键作用。此时,蒙脱石以氢键作用为主要吸附机制。在pH>6时,高岭石和蒙脱石的主要吸附机制分别是疏水性作用和阳离子键桥。 相似文献
6.
钙钠离子对蒙脱石脱水特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
蒙脱石的脱水特性通常是指它所含水分(包括吸附水、层间或OH结构水)的损失特性,如水分失去量、脱水速率和脱水温度等。这些特性不仅与蒙脱石矿物本身的成分有关,而且与其所吸附的阳离子密切相关。膨润土是以蒙脱石类矿物为主要成分的粘土,它的物理化学性质主要由其中的蒙脱石所决定。蒙脱石吸附的钙、钠离子又是决定膨润土工业使用价 相似文献
7.
以氯化锂、正丁基锂、葡萄糖酸为剥离剂,采取离子交换和插层反应等方法剥离蒙脱石,分别采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜测试手段对样品的晶体组成、形貌和微观结构进行了表征。上述结果表明,用氯化锂剥离后,样品由片层构成,分散性良好,蒙脱石(001)晶面的衍射峰峰位(2θ)向左偏移了1.2°,相应的晶面间距增大了0.27 nm,部分为薄层状结构,厚度5~10 nm,边缘发生了卷曲;正丁基锂剥离后,蒙脱石(001)晶面的衍射峰基本消失,层状结构遭到破坏,蒙脱石基本被剥离成了单层状结构,也有厚度10~15 nm的小片层;用葡萄糖酸剥离的蒙脱石层状结构无序度增加,蒙脱石的层堆积明显。通过对比上述3种方法所剥离的蒙脱石,可认为氯化锂及正丁基锂对钠基蒙脱石的剥离效果优于葡萄糖酸的剥离效果,且以正丁基锂剥离的效果最佳。 相似文献
8.
以蒙脱石为初始材料,通过水热实验模拟在不同温度压力条件下蒙脱石的伊利石化过程。利用X射线粉末衍射及X射线荧光光谱、红外光谱和扫描电镜等方法对样品的矿物物相、化学成分、晶体结构与微观形貌等进行分析,其结果表明:(1)蒙脱石至伊利石的转化受温度和压力条件的控制;(2)随着温度和压力的增高,蒙脱石伊利石化沿着蒙脱石-无序伊蒙混层-有序伊蒙混层-伊利石的转化序列进行转化;(3)水热实验模拟表明蒙脱石至伊利石的转化以溶解重结晶机制为主。实验结果不仅有助于了解埋藏与低级变质作用中的蒙脱石伊利石化过程,同时为研究断层活动所致断层泥中黏土矿物的转化及反演断层形成时温度压力条件提供基本参数。 相似文献
9.
埋藏条件下蒙脱石层间水的稳定性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
王世杰 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1998,(4)
蒙脱石族矿物广泛存在于地表各种环境中,其层间结构的稳定性对各种表生地质作用的发生和过程起着重要作用。在砂岩成岩作用中,蒙脱石族矿物的脱水作用改变了砂岩孔隙流体的量和成分,同时也降低了油气储蓄层的孔隙度和渗透性。泥、页岩中由于蒙脱石族矿物的脱水作用,在... 相似文献
10.
主要研究了蒙脱石吸附胡敏酸后形成的复合体对Cu2 、Cd2 、Cr3 3种重金属离子的吸附.实验结果表明:用胡敏酸对蒙脱石改性后能提高其对3种重金属离子的吸附性能,胡敏酸浓度越大,吸附性能提高程度越大,3种重金属离子的Langmuir吸附等温线线性相关都能达到0.99以上.蒙脱石/胡敏酸复合体对3种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加,随离子强度的增加而减小.另外还对其吸附动力学进行了研究,发现可用Elovicb方程和双常数方程对吸附过程进行较好地拟合. 相似文献
11.
The adsorption of three copper species, the hydrated cupric ion, bisglycine Cu(II) and a Cu(II)-humic acid complex, on montmorillonite and imogolite at pH 7 was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The spectra of the supernatant solutions indicated that adsorption of the glycine complexes was very much less than that of the uncomplexed ion for both minerals and that montmorillonite adsorbed significantly more Cu from the humic acid solution than did imogolite. In every case the adsorbed Cu was characterized by more than one type of chemical environment and the spectral parameters show differences between the adsorbed species depending on their freedom of movement and their mode and site of adsorption. Qualitatively similar spectra were obtained when the uncomplexed ion was adsorbed on either of the mineral species and it is suggested that simple Cu(II) ions were involved and that their coordination environments comprised water molecules and hydroxyl groups. With the bisglycine Cu(II) complexes, the spectra were characterized by two components which may be accounted for by adsorption at two different types of site in the structures. In each case one component had parameters that are similar to those of the bisglycine Cu(II) in the solid state, but the second component in the spectra of the montmorillonite sample was quite different to that obtained with imogolite. The Cu(II)-humic acid complex with montmorillonite gave spectra that were similar to that from copper humate, but with imogolite the spectra from the Cu(II)-humic acid system were similar to those obtained with the uncomplexed Cu(II) ion, indicating that imogolite is able to extract copper from humic acid. 相似文献
12.
Maarten Nachtegaal André M. Scheidegger Rainer Dähn Gerhard Furrer 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(17):4211-4225
The sorption capacity of montmorillonite clay minerals for small cations, such as Ni2+, can be greatly enhanced by modifying the clay mineral with Al(III). In this study, the mechanisms of Ni uptake by Al-modified montmorillonite were studied using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy of powders and polarized EXAFS spectroscopy of self-supporting clay films to delineate the binding structure of Ni formed as a function of the reaction conditions. Analysis of powder EXAFS spectra of wet pastes, collected from Ni-treated Al-modified montmorillonites reacted at pH 5-8, 25°C or 80°C (to accelerate the reaction process), and reaction times ranging from 1 month to 9 yrs, showed that Ni was surrounded on average by 6 O atoms at a distance of 2.05 Å and 6 Al atoms at 3.01 Å, suggesting the incorporation of Ni into a gibbsite-like structure. Only at pH 8, Ni-containing precipitates were congruently formed. Polarized EXAFS spectroscopy of self-supporting Ni-reacted Al-modified montmorillonite clay films showed a pronounced angular dependency of the spectra of the Ni-doped gibbsite, indicating that the orientation of this Ni-doped gibbsite coincided with the layering of the montmorillonite. Data analysis suggested that Ni is included slightly above and below the vacant octahedral sites of the postulated interstitial gibbsite monolayer. This newly identified mechanism of metal uptake by Al-modified montmorillonite provides a large metal sorption capacity and, because the metal is included in a monolayer gibbsite or gibbsite “islands” formed in the interstitial space of the clay mineral, it potentially leads to a permanent sequestration of the metal from the environment. 相似文献
13.
MERVATSAIDHASSAN SAYEDMAHMOUDSALEM 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(1):29-39
Clay minerals from different Cretaceous stratigraphic successions of Egypt were investigated using XRD,DTA,dissolution analysis(DCB),IR,Moessbauer and X-band Electron Spin Resonance(ESR) spectroscopies.The purity of the samples and the degree of structural order were determined by XRD.The location of Fe in the octahedral sheet is characterized by absorption bands at-875cm^-1 assigned as Al-OH-Fe which is present after chemical dissolution of free iron.The Moessbauer spectra of these clays sow two doublets with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting typical of octahedral coordinated Fe^3 ,in addition to third doubler with hyperfine parameter typical of Fe^2 in the spectra of Abu-Had kaolinite (H)sample.6-lines magnetic hyperfine components which are consistent with those of hematite are confirmed in the spectra of both Isel and Rish kaolinite samples.Goethite was confirmed by both IR and DTA.Multiple nature of ESR of these clays suggested structural Fe in distorted octaedral symmetry and as non-structural Fe.Little dispersion and low swelling indices as well as incomplete activaiton of investigated montmorillonite samples by NaCO3 appear to be due to incomplete disaggregation of montmorillonite particles.This can be explained by the ability of Fe-gel to aggregate the montmorillonite into pseudo-particles and retard the rigid-gel structure.However,extraction of this ferric amorphous compound by dithonite treatment recovers the surface properties of the montmorillonite samples.On the other hand,amounts and site occupation of Fe associated with kaolinite samples show a negative correlation with the parameters used to describe the degree of crystalline perfection,color,brightness and vitrification range of these kaolinite samples. 相似文献
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MERVATSAIDHASSAN SAYEDMAHMOUDSALEM 《中国地球化学学报》2001,20(2):120-129
Clay minerals from different Cretaceous stratigraphic successions of Egypt were investigated using XRD,DTA,dissolution analysis(DCB),IR,Moessbauer and X-ray Electron Spin Resonance(ESR) spectroscopes.The purity of the samples and the degree of their structural order were determined by XRD.The location of Fe in the octahedral sheet is characterized by absorption bands at-875cm^-1 assigned as Al-OH-Fe which persist after chemical dissolution of free iron.The Moessbauer spectra of these clays show two doublets with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting typical of octahedrally coordinated Fe^3 ,in addition to third doublet with hyperfine parameter typical of Fe^2 in the spectra of Abu-Had kaolinite (H) sample.Six-lines magnetic hyperfine components which are consistent with those of hematite are confirmed in the spectra of both Isel and Rish kaolinite samples.Goethite was confirmed by both IR and DTA.Multiple nature of ESR of these clays suggested structural Fe in distorted octahedral symmetry as well as non-structural Fe.Little dispersion and low swelling indices as well as incomplete activation of the investigated montmorillonite samplas by NaCO3 appear to be due to incomplete disaggregation of montmorillonite particles.This can be explained by the ability of Fe-gel to aggregate the montmorillonite into pseudo-particles and retard the rigid-gel structure.However,extraction of this ferric amorphous compound by dithonite treatment recovers the surface properties of the montmorillonite samples.On the other hand,the amount and site occupation of Fe associated with kaolinite samples show an inverse correlation with the parameters used to describe the degree of crystallinity perfection,color,brightness and vitrification range of these kaolinite samples. 相似文献
15.
颗石藻是海洋中广泛分布的超微型浮游藻,经生物矿化作用形成的碳酸钙质颗石,在古海洋学研究中具有重要意义。海洋粘土矿物与有机质的有机-无机相互作用在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文选取广泛分布于海洋的赫氏颗石藻Emiliania huxleyi与海洋粘土矿物中具有代表性的伊利石和蒙脱石共培养。通过对颗石藻生长曲线和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值、颗石藻与粘土矿物样品的紫外可见光吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱和矿物物相等分析,研究海洋粘土矿物与颗石藻的相互作用规律。通过研究表明伊利石对颗石藻的影响较小,蒙脱石因对营养元素的吸附和颗石藻的絮凝作用对颗石藻的生长和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值影响较大。颗石藻代谢分泌的生物分子未能通过层间插层作用进入伊利石层间,颗石藻分泌的生物分子可通过插层作用进入并储存于蒙脱石层间,海洋粘土矿物中的蒙脱石与海洋微生物的相互作用值得地球微生物家关注,可能有助于对古海洋环境的认识。 相似文献
16.
Rainer Dähn André M ScheideggerAlain Manceau Michel L Schlegel Bart BaeyensMichael H Bradbury Magali Morales 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(13):2335-2347
Wet chemistry kinetics and powder and polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS and P-EXAFS) spectroscopy were combined to investigate the mechanism of Ni uptake on montmorillonite, at pH 8, high ionic strength (0.2 M Ca(NO3)2), initial Ni concentration of 660 μM, and solid concentration of 5.3 g/L. Approximately 20% of Ni sorbed within the first 24 h; thereafter, the Ni uptake rate slowed, and 12% of the initial Ni concentration remained in solution after 206 d of reaction time. Powder EXAFS spectra collected on wet pastes at 1, 14, 90, and 206 d showed the presence of Ni-Ni pairs at ∼3.08 Å in an amount that gradually increased with time. Results were interpreted by the nucleation of a Ni phase having either an α-Ni-hydroxide- or a Ni-phyllosilicate-like local structure. The latter possibility was confirmed by recording P-EXAFS spectra of a highly textured, self-supporting montmorillonite film prepared in the same conditions as the wet samples and equilibrated for 14 d. The orientation distribution of the c*-axes of individual clay particles off the film plane, as measured by quantitative texture analysis, was 32.8° full width at half maximum, and this value was used to correct from texture effect the effective numbers of Ni and Si nearest neighbors determined by P-EXAFS. Ni atoms were found to be surrounded by 2.6 ± 0.5 Ni atoms at 3.08 Å in the in-plane direction and by 4.2 ± 0.5 Si atoms at 3.26 Å in the out-of-plane direction. These structural parameters, but also the orientation and angular dependence of the Ni and Si shells, strongly support the formation of a Ni phyllosilicate having its layers parallel to the montmorillonite layers. The neoformation of a phyllosilicate on metal uptake on montmorillonite, documented herein for the first time, has important geochemical implications because this dioctahedral smectite is overwhelmingly present in the environment. The resulting sequestration of sorbed trace metals in sparingly soluble phyllosilicate structure may durably decrease their migration and bioavailability at the Earth’s surface and near surface. 相似文献
17.
蒙脱石中铁的赋存状态的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
通过对徐闻、三水、高州等地五个样品的Ｘ射线衍射分析，化学全分析，分析它们为含铁量不同的蒙脱石，层间可交换阳离子主要为Ｃａ＾２＋。几个样品穆斯堡尔谱表明铁主要以Ｆｅ＾３＋的形式存在，含铁量较高的样品ＸＧＡ、ＸＳＡ、ＳＳ的谱可以拟合出Ｆｅ＾３＋的二对四级双峰，表明铁在蒙脱石中占据两种不等同的八面体位置。 相似文献
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19.
Rainer Dähn André M Scheidegger Michel L Schlegel Bart Baeyens Daniel Chateigner 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(1):1-15
The nature of surface complexes formed on Ni uptake onto montmorillonite (a dioctahedral smectite) has been investigated over an extended time period by polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure (P-EXAFS) spectroscopy. Self-supporting films of Ni-sorbed montmorillonite were prepared by contacting Ni and montmorillonite at pH 7.2, high ionic strength (0.3 M NaClO4), and low Ni concentration ([Ni]initial = 19.9 μM) for 14- and 360-d reaction time. The resulting Ni concentration on the clay varied from 4 to 7 μmol/g. Quantitative texture analysis indicates that the montmorillonite particles were well orientated with respect to the plane of the film. The full width at half maximum of the orientation distribution of the c* axes of individual clay platelets about the normal to the film plane was 44.3° (14-d reaction time) and 47.1° (360-d reaction time). These values were used to correct the coordination numbers determined by P-EXAFS for texture effects. Ni K-edge P-EXAFS spectra were recorded at angles between the incident beam and the film normal equal to 10, 35, 55, and 80°. Spectral analysis led to the identification of three nearest cationic subshells containing 2.0 ± 0.5 Al at 3.0 Å and 2.0 ± 0.5 Si at 3.12 Å and 4.0 ± 0.5 Si at 3.26 Å. These distances are characteristic of edge-sharing linkages between Al and Ni octahedra and of corner-sharing linkages between Ni octahedra and Si tetrahedra, as in clay structures. The angular dependence of the Ni-Al and Ni-Si contributions indicates that Ni-Al pairs are oriented parallel to the film plane, whereas Ni-Si pairs are not. The study reveals the formation of Ni inner-sphere mononuclear surface complexes located at the edges of montmorillonite platelets and thus that heavy metals binding to edge sites is a possible sorption mechanism for dioctahedral smectites. Data analysis further suggests that either the number of neighboring Al atoms slightly increases from 1.6 to 2 or that the structural order of the observed surface complexes increases from 0.01 Å2 to 0.005 Å2 with increasing reaction time. On the basis of the low Ni-Al coordination numbers, it appears that over an extended reaction time period of 1 yr the diffusion of Ni atoms in the octahedral layer is not the major uptake mechanism of Ni onto montmorillonite. 相似文献
20.
蒙脱石类质同象置换的IR和ESR研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对7个不同产地的蒙脱石样品提纯钠化后由化学分析得到它们的化学结构式。用红外吸收光谱(IR)和电子自旋共振(ESR)方法对这7个具有不同四面体和八面体内阳离子类质同象置换量蒙脱石样品进行了研究。IR吸收谱中R—OH振动和R—O—Si振动吸收带均随置换情况不同而变化。ESR谱表明Fe~(3+)离子在蒙脱石中有不同对称性的位置,并由于类质同象置换的不同,共振信号也有一定的变化。 相似文献