共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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本文讨论了几个温度影响平衡的关系式，认为应用杂平衡常数的概念。可以把它们归结为温度对平衡常数的影响，从而使有关公式的推导更简捷明快，并从动力学和统计热力学的角度，推导出温度对平衡常数影响的关系式，指出上述影响的根源是温度影响粒子在能级中的玻兹曼分布。 相似文献
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在控制氧逸度和酸度的条件下测定了３０℃时钯和铂氯络合物溶解度，将溶解度资料作用，求得它们的氯络合物种类分别为ＰｄＣｌ＾２－４和ＰｔＣｌ＾２－４，计算了相应反应式的平衡常数及推导了平衡常数与温度从属关系表达式，讨论了实验结果的地质意义。 相似文献
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含氯盐和硫酸盐类盐渍土膨胀特性的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
对含氯盐和硫酸盐类盐渍土的盐胀规律及影响因素进行了较为系统的试验研究，得出了盐胀随温度变化的若干规律，即盐胀随温度变化的关系式，起胀温度与各影响因素之间的关系式，盐胀与降温速度的关系式，成型温度对盐胀规律的影响等。分析了Ｎａ２ＳＯ４含量，ＮａＣｌ含量，Ｃｌ＾－／ＳＯ４＾２－，含水量对盐胀的影响，给出了盐胀与各影响因素之间的关系式。 相似文献
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本文根据前人关于云母和黄玉的Ｆ－ＯＨ交换实验成果，分别建立了云母和黄玉的Ｆ－ＯＨ交换平衡常数方程，并系统阐述了推导这些方程的热力学原理以利用它们来估算云母＋黄玉平衡组合形成温度和共存流体组成的方法，最后讨论了这一方法的适用条件和存在问题。 相似文献
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成矿流体中碲逸度对自然金成色的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
富碲化物型金矿具有自然金成色高的特点，通过热力学分析，推导出碲逸度与温度和自然金中银含量的关系式，建立了ｆＴｅ２－Ｔ－ＮＡｇ图解，并论述了该类型金矿中高自然金成色的内在原因，即成矿溶液中高的碲逸度导致了高的自然金成色，同时也分析了溶液中碲逸度对金银矿物的共生组合的影响，以及对如何计算成矿溶液中碲逸度问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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根据低能伽玛射线在沉积地层中的吸收理论，推导出了低能伽玛伽玛计数率与沉积地层岩性参数之间的关系式，并通过实例定性地分析了这种关系的存在。 相似文献
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J. V. WALTHER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1992,10(6):789-797
The equilibrium constant, K a , of the association reaction to form ion pairs from charged solute species in supercritical solutions can be calculated from a model based on published equations. Log K a at constant pressure is a linear function of the inverse in the dielectric constant of the fluid times temperature. The dielectric properties of H2 O and CO2 at supercritical pressures and temperatures can also be evaluated using the Kirkwood equation. Using Looyenga mixing rules, the dielectric constant of H2 O–CO2 mixtures can be obtained and the change in log K a with addition of CO2 in aqueous solutions evaluated. These changes in log K a with addition of CO2 are consistent with measured changes of log K a with addition of Ar in supercritical H2 O–Ar solutions.
Log Ka of KCl and NaCl increase to an increasing extent as the mole fraction of CO2 increases in H2 O–CO2 solutions. For instance, at 2 kbar and constant temperature between 400 and 600° C, log K a of KCl increases by about two orders of magnitude whilst that of NaCl increases by over four orders of magnitude as the CO2 mole fraction increases from 0.0 to 0.35. Such changes in log K a will have dramatic effects on the solubility of minerals in CO2 -rich environments. 相似文献
Log K
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Mathematical simulation of non‐isothermal multiphase flow in deformable unsaturated porous media is a complicated issue because of the need to employ multiple partial differential equations, the need to take into account mass and energy transfer between phases and because of the non‐linear nature of the governing partial differential equations. In this paper, an analytical solution for analyzing a fully coupled problem is presented for the one‐dimensional case where the coefficients of the system of equations are assumed to be constant for the entire domain. A major issue is the non‐linearity of the governing equations, which is not considered in the analytical solution. In order to introduce the non‐linearity of the equations, an iterative discretized procedure is used. The domain of the problem is divided into identical time–space elements that cover the time–space domain. A separate system of equations is defined for each element in the local coordinate system, the initial and boundary conditions for each element are obtained from the adjacent elements and the coefficients of the system of equations are considered to be constant in each step. There are seven governing differential equations that should be solved simultaneously: the equilibrium of the solid skeleton, mass conservation of fluids (water, water vapor and gas) and energy conservation of phases (solid, liquid and gas). The water vapor is not in equilibrium with water and different phases do not have the same temperature. The governing equations that have been solved seem to be the most comprehensive in this field. Three examples are presented for analyzing heat and mass transfer in a semi‐infinite column of unsaturated soil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Calculation of pH and mineral equilibria in hydrothermal waters with application to geothermometry and studies of boiling and dilution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using chemical analyses and 25° pH measurements of quenched high-temperature waters, we calculate in situ pH and distribution of aqueous species at high temperature. This is accomplished by solving simultaneous mass action equations for complexes and redox equilibria and mass balance equations, on all components, including a H+ equation with as many as 60 terms (depending on water composition). This calculation provides accurate values for the activities of aqueous ions in a given water at high temperature, which are used to calculate an ion activity product (Q) for each of more than 100 minerals. The value of log(Q/K) for each mineral, where K is the equilibrium constant, provides a measure of proximity of the aqueous solution to equilibrium with the mineral. By plotting log Q/Kvs. T for natural waters, it is possible to determine: a) whether the water was in equilibrium with a host rock mineral assemblage, b) probable minerals in the equilibrium assemblage and c) the temperature of equilibrium. In cases where the fluid departs from equilibrium with a host rock assemblage, it is possible to determine whether this may result from boiling or dilution, and an estimate of amount of lost gas or diluting water can be determined.The calculation is illustrated by application to geothermal waters from Iceland, Broadlands, and Sulphur Bank, hot spring waters from Jemez, Yellowstone and Blackfoot Reservoir (Idaho) and fluid inclusions from the Sunnyside Mine, Colorado. It is shown that most geothermal waters approach equilibrium with a subsurface mineral assemblage at a temperature close to measured temperatures and that some hot springs also approach equilibrium with the host rock at temperatures above outlet temperatures but commonly below the Na-K-Ca temperatures. The log Q/K plots show that some discrepancies between Na-K-Ca temperatures on spring waters and actual temperatures result from a failure of alkali feldspars to equilibrate with the fluid and with each other.Calculations on Sulphur Bank fluids show that boiling probably caused cinnabar precipitation near 150°C and that the boiled fluids equilibrated with secondary minerals near 150° even though temperatures up to 185° have been measured at depth. For the fluid inclusions, the measured bubble temperatures are close to those calculated for equilibration of the fluid with the observed sulfide mineral assemblage.New estimates of stability constants for aluminum hydroxide complexes are included at the end of the paper. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1718-1723
Isostatic equilibrium occurs in many parts of the Earth that differ in history and current crustal structure, indicating that major changes,in crustal composition and thickness during development have tended to preserve the state of equilibrium. A state of equilibrium disturbed by tectonic processes is soon restored. Processes that disturb the equilibrium development of the crust are called causative; those that arise as a consequence and tend to restore equilibrium are compensative. There is evidence for these two processes, which are responsible for displacements of opposite sign in the base and surface of the consolidated crust when equilibrium is regained. These processes indicate changes in different parts of the crust and enable us to say that the crust shows two types of development. The structure of the crust corresponds to the Airy-Plan general model, and this structure may be described by isostatic equations when the two types of processes are in balance. The same equations can be used when the state is not in equilibrium if there is introduced a correction to be deduced from gravity anomalies and data on the deep structure of the crust. These equations can be used to describe changes in the crust, and isostatic equations enable one to combine ideas with new data to describe changes in thickness and composition in some layers of the crust during development as well as some aspects of block movement. Examples of the use of these isostatic equations are given.—C. E. Sears 相似文献
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Research on the effect of temperature changes on the behaviour of geomaterials has become increasingly important in recent years. This growing interest is partially due to the recent development of high-level nuclear waste disposals. Because of the complex influence of temperature in these areas, it is necessary to understand the effects of temperature on rock-like materials and use the appropriate constitutive equations to numerically model these phenomena. In this paper, a thermoplastic/viscoplastic constitutive model is developed for this purpose. The model includes thermal softening, the evolution of the yield functions with temperature, and the effects of temperature on the time-dependent behaviour. The model performance is demonstrated by some simple test cases on Tournemire and Bure clayey rocks including triaxial compression tests and creep tests under constant temperatures. The numerical results are discussed using experimental data, which demonstrate that the model can reproduce the overall behaviour of this type of materials under deviatoric loads and non-isothermal conditions. 相似文献
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经过系统的塑性分析，建立了各向异性非线性广义极限平衡理论。考虑到岩土材料复杂特性，提出了有中主应力影响、拉任强度不等、材料各向异性、破坏曲线非线性、受非均匀温度场影响的综合屈服准则。应用塑性位势理论，导出了关联的流动法则。在平面应变条件下，给出了应力场基本方程。采用特征线方法求解，导出了滑移线斜率公式、应力沿滑移线微分方程。应用电算程序，可计算非正交、不对称的滑移线场解答。作为实际应用，导出了各向异性地基极限承载力公式。本文理论可简化得到许多经典理论解答。 相似文献
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Na-K-Mg三角图作为水-岩平衡状态初步判定的方法,未考虑具体温标公式和矿物成分对平衡状态的影响,因此通过基于不同Na-K温标公式修正后的Na-K-Mg三角图判断水岩平衡状态,并利用适合的Na-K温标公式计算地下热储温度,对划分地热系统成因类型和开发利用地热资源具有重要意义。研究发现,修正后的Na-K-Mg三角图中任意一点,对某种温标公式确定的曲线处于平衡状态,对另一温标公式确定的曲线则有可能处于部分平衡状态;且温度越低,这种现象越显著。最贫Mg上边界和最富Mg下边界是由不同的温标公式确定的,随温度具有明显的分段性。利用各Na-K温标公式作出T-lg（Na/K）曲线图,绘制曲线交点对应的基于各"完全平衡曲线"的Na-K-Mg三角图,得出温标公式的选取方法,并以西藏盐井地区为例计算热储温度。 相似文献
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以NaCl和MgCl2、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)分别作为无机盐、表面活性剂的代表, 研究两者共存对菲在黄土中吸附/解吸行为联合影响的特点及其形成机制.结果表明, NaCl(≥0.1 mol/L)、MgCl2或SDBS的单独介入, 可缩短吸附平衡时间、增加吸附容量等, 即对吸附具促进作用, 随着介入浓度的升高, 促进作用越明显, 促进能力为MgCl2＞SDBS＞NaCl; 不改变吸附模式, 仍较好地符合F型与H型.NaCl与MgCl2同时介入, 对菲吸附的影响仍表现为促进作用, 呈现相加作用的特点, 且随着MgCl2浓度的升高, 促进作用更明显.NaCl(或及MgCl2)与SDBS的同时介入对吸附的联合影响, 总体上表现为相加作用, 但还呈拮抗作用的特点, 尤其MgCl2浓度较高时.NaCl或(及)MgCl2的存在, 或与SDBS共存时, 与纯水相比, 菲的解吸速度较快、解吸率较高、平衡时间较短, 且无滞后效应.可见, 无机盐与表面活性剂同时适量介入, 以强化菲等污染地下水系统的修复功效具一定的可行性. 相似文献
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在满足边坡整体力平衡、力矩平衡以及边坡微条柱力平衡的条件下,提出了一个综合各种三维极限平衡法的通用形式,该通用形式包含3个表达式。通过这3个表达式利用已有方法的假定条件就可以得到原方法的表达形式,并将他们解析化,不仅大大降低了传统三维极限平衡法的计算工作量,还使得具体实现各种方法时,编程变得更方便,计算更简便,提高了计算效率。最后,通过经典算例,利用通用形式导出的各种方法的解析形式,分析了滑体宽度、滑面强度参数以及滑面剪切力方向对稳定系数的影响。结果表明,该通用形式是正确有效的。 相似文献