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近年来，早期生命和古环境成为地学研究的热点，生物标志化合物在前寒武纪生命演化和环境研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。在前寒武系地层中检测到的主要生物标志化合物为：烷烃（包括正构烷烃和异构烷烃、烷基环烷烃）、无环类异戊二烯烃、萜烷（包括三环萜、藿烷、2α-甲基藿烷和3β-甲基藿烷、重排藿烷、新藿烷、降新藿烷）、甾烷（包括C26-C30甾烷、4-甲基甾烷、甲藻甾烷、2-甲基甾烷和3-甲基甾烷、重排甾烷）、类胡萝卜素等。由于不同生物标志化合物的生物前驱物赋存于不同环境之中，并与环境协同演化，分析地层中生物标志化合物组合不仅可得到其前驱物组成信息，还可以获取古环境判断的重要标志。从已知生物标志化合物分析可以发现，在2．7Ga以前就存在生氧光合作用的蓝藻或蓝菌，真核生物可能已经存在，但在古、中元古代，海洋仍以缺氧环境为主，而生物仍以原核生物占优势。新太古代蓝藻或蓝菌的出现虽促进了大气圈的氧化，但海洋氧化的滞后明显制约了真核生物的发展，导致在2．78～0．6Ga长达20多亿年的时间里，生物演化缓慢。 相似文献
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克拉玛依原油的生物降解作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
克拉玛依原油具同源性。抗生物降解强度的序列依次为：正构烷烃、类异戊间二烯烷烃、二环倍半萜、γ-胡萝卜烷、规则甾烷(20R型)、β-胡萝卜烷、规则邕烷(20S型)、妊甾烷、高妊烷、五环三萜烷、C20-C29三环二萜烷、重排甾烷、13、17开环甾烷。此外，还有更强的抗生物降解的生物标志物，25-降藿烷等。 相似文献
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大柴旦盐湖现代沉积中正构烷烃的分布具明显的奇偶优势。链状类异戌二烯型烷烃呈植烷优势。二环倍半萜烷中以补身烷和高补身烷为主。长键三环二萜系列中C20三环二萜烷含量最高。甾烷中C29甾烷高于C27甾烷的含量。重排甾烷含量低而孕甾烷系列丰富。这是由盐湖相中特殊的生物构成和沉积环境所决定的。 相似文献
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通过对正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷、甾烷等生物标志化合物的研究,对额济纳旗及其邻区二叠系埋汗哈达组的沉积环境、烃源岩干酪根类型、成熟度等进行了评价。烃源岩Pr/Ph绝大部分小于1,显示植烷优势,表明研究区二叠系埋汗哈达组沉积环境为还原—强还原环境,有利于有机质的富集,物源来自于陆源高等植物和水生生物,且以水生生物输入占优势;利用Pr/nC17-Ph/nC18、C27-C28-C29甾烷等生物标志化合物的关系评价区内埋汗哈达组烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ2型为主;对OEP、萜烷、C29甾烷等参数分析表明,额济纳旗及其邻区二叠系埋汗哈达组烃源岩处于成熟—高成熟阶段,有利于油气的生成。 相似文献
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藏北羌塘盆地羌资1井中侏罗统沥青脉生物标志化合物含有丰富的正烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物。正烷烃图谱形态以单峰形态占优势,主碳峰以nC16、nC17为主,次为nC18、nC20、nC15轻烃组分占有绝对优势,OEP值介于0,69-1．22之间,平均值为0．96,偶碳数优势不明显;Pr／Ph值介于0．35～0．78之间,平均值为0．59,具有明显的植烷优势。萜烷相对丰度表现为五环三萜烷〉三环萜烷〉四环萜烷,γ-蜡烷普遍存在,但相对含量棱低;甾烷主要为规则甾烷,少量孕甾烷,规则甾烷∑（C27＋C28）〉∑C29,∑C27／∑C29介于0．61～2．18之间,平均值为1．06,显示弱的C27甾烷优势或弱的C29甾烷优势。有机质母质构成中,除有丰富的藻类等低等水生生物外,可能还有陆生高等植物输入混合。成熟度参数和镜质体反射率均显示沥青脉中的有机质处于成熟一过成熟阶段。沥青脉形成环境为还原环境。另外,除饱和烃和芳烃含量上有明显差别外,中侏罗统夏里组砂泥岩中的沥青脉与布曲组碳酸盐岩中的沥青脉的生物标志化合物无明显区别。 相似文献
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东海陆架泥质区沉积有机质的物源分析 总被引：28，自引：3，他引：28
色谱和色谱／质谱分析表明，济州鸟西南泥质区正构烷烃、姥鲛烷、植烷、藿烷和甾烷等生物标志物的特征与现代长江口、老黄河口和新黄河口的河流沉积物均区别很大，该泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于海洋低等生物（如细菌和藻类等）以及陆源高等植物的输入，表现为不同来源和成熟度的生物标志物的混合，同时该泥质区沉积有机质与矿物碎屑沉积物来源不尽相同。长江口泥质区正构烷烃高相对分子质量部分与长江口沉积物相似，正构烷烃和藿烷所反映的有机质成熟度高于现代长江和老黄河口沉积物，甾烷的成熟度与长江相仿而明显高于老黄河口沉积物。长江口泥质区的沉积有机质主要来源于长江输入的陆源高等植物碎片和海洋源的低等生物。东海陆架近岸与远端泥质区沉积有机质的物源很不相同。 相似文献
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藏北高原双湖地区中侏罗统海相油页岩生物标志化合物分布特征及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
重点报道了藏北双湖地区中侏罗统海相油页岩的生物标志化合物特征，首次在该层位油页岩中检出丰富的正烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜类化合物及甾类化合物。正烷烃图谱呈单峰形，nC15、nC16或nC17为主峰碳，轻烃组份占有绝对优势，OEP值0.93～1.01，无明显的奇偶碳数优势分布；Pr/Ph值为0.77～1.59，在剖面序列中呈波动分布，显示弱植烷优势或姥鲛烷优势；藿烷以C30占优势，萜烷相对丰度五环三萜烷>三环萜烷>四环萜烷；规则甾烷∑（C27+C28）>∑C29，∑C27/∑C29值为0.79～ 1.20，在剖面序列中下部C27甾烷略占优势，上部C29甾烷略占优势，重排甾烷C27/规则甾烷C27值为0.51 ～3.63，在剖面序列中具有显著的波动性，同时检出了少量孕甾烷和4-甲基甾烷。有机质母质构成中，既有丰富的藻类等低等水生生物，可能还有一定比例陆生高等植物输入混合的特点。油页岩处于成熟阶段，整个油页岩剖面序列具有一致的热演化程度。剖面中部油页岩具有极高的原始生产力，氧化-还原条件也是控制油页岩TOC和沥青“A”含量在剖面垂向变化的重要因素。 相似文献
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太平洋海底富钴结壳中的烃类有机质及其成因意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联测方法测定了中西太平洋海底海山富钴结壳中的可溶有机质,对其丰度、生源构成、沉积环境、成熟度等方面进行了初步的探讨.富钴结壳的烃类生物标志化合物大多具成熟烃特征,个别具低成熟烃特点.“A“/C高达9.81～21.15,显示出运移烃的特征;藿烷C31-R(S JR)为0.43～0.46,Tm/(Tm Ts)为0.40～0.59,C30αβ藿烷/(αβ藿烷 βα莫烷)为0.85～0.89,C29αβ藿烷/(αβ藿烷 βα莫烷)为0.81～0.85,c29甾烷20S/(20S 20R)为0.45～0.60,从而计算出Rsc(%)为0.73%～0.81%,个别达到1.06%;C29αββ/(αββ ααα)为0.35～0.42.甾烷丰度顺序为C29甾烷＞C27甾烷＞C28甾烷,同时检出了孕甾烷和4-甲基甾烷,重排甾烷三角图显示该有机质为Ⅱ型.Pr/Ph值介于0.35～0.82,显示植烷优势.说明烃类形成于强还原环境.链状烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷、甾烷化合物的组成和分布都说明茵藻类低等水生生物和陆源高等植物混合生源输入.洋底热液活动是富钴结壳中有机质热演化的重要热源.有机质在特定的海底条件下生成,并被运移到海山上,通过扩散和浸粢由外层进入结壳. 相似文献
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酒西坳陷部分原油生物标记物特征异常分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
酒西坳陷大部分原油的生物标记物分布特征较单一,主要表现为三环萜烷、降新藿烷、C30重排藿烷和重排甾烷不发育,伽玛蜡烷相对比较发育,C29甾烷异构化参数较低,一般在0.45~0.5之间,尚未达异构化终点,反映其源岩成熟度并不高。此类原油主要源于青西凹陷下沟组沉积于较强还原环境的藻纹层泥质白云岩。此外,酒西坳陷还发现了部分在生物标记物特征上有别于该区“主体原油”的原油,其表现为三环萜烷、C29Ts、C30重排藿烷和重排甾烷、伽玛蜡烷相对比较发育,而且部分原油(如窿8井、窿4井和窿10井原油)成熟度较高,甾烷C2920S/(20S+20R)值高达0.56~0.58(已达异构化终点),属酒西坳陷成熟度最高的原油,特别是这些原油中绝大部分的C29ββ/(ββ+αα)值也高于“主体原油”,表明其经受了较长距离的运移。根据生物标记物所反映的沉积环境和生源前身物分析以及将其与酒东坳陷主要源于赤金堡组的原油的比较结果,认为在酒西坳陷中,这部分相对于“主体原油”而言的生标特征异常原油可能源于青西凹陷深部的赤金堡组,这一认识对酒泉盆地的深层油气勘探具有实际指导意义。 相似文献
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Yangming Zhu 《中国地球化学学报》2001,20(1):73-87
Based on the compositions and distributions of biomarkers in thirty-five representative oil samples, oils from the Tarim Basin of northwestern China are mainly divided into two oil families. One oil family contains relatively low amounts of C15-C20 isoprenoid hydrocarbons and shows pristane predominance with Pr/Ph ratios ranging from 1.50 to 3.00. The GC/MS analytical data of these oils show the occurrence of abundant hopanes, and low concentrations of steranes and tricyclic terpanes with hopanes/steranes ratios from 6.25 to 12.24 and tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios from 0.03 to 0.24. These oils contain low drimane relative to homodrimane (C15/C16 < 1.0) and abundant rearranged bicyclanes in bicyclic sesquiterpanes. They are dominated by low carbon number (C19-C21) compounds in the tricyclic terpanes, and are rich in rearranged hopanes, C29Ts and an unknown C30 compound in pentacyclic triterpanes. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the oils were generated mainly from terrigenous organic matter. The other oil family shows remarkably different biomarker compositions and distributions. The oils revealed Pr/Ph ratios of about 1.0, high drimane/homodrimane ratios (>1.0), low hopanes/steranes ratios (0.65–2.50), high tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios (0.30–2.00) and a dominant peak at C23 in tricyclic tepanes, suggesting a marine organic origin. Oil-source rock correlation indicates that these two oil families seem to have been derived from Mesozoic Jurassic-Triassic terrestrial source rocks (shales and coal seams) and Lower Paleozoic Ordovician-Cambrian marine source rocks, respectively. 相似文献
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The enclosed organic matter chiefly releases lower carbon-number n-alkanes under high temperature and high pressure,while the kerogen mainly produces higher carbon-number n-alkanes.The rsidual hydrocarbons generated by both kerogen and enclosed organic matter in the Tieling limestone contain abundant tricyclic terpanes,pentacyclic triterpanes and steranes,but the contents of tetracyclic terpanes and 25-norhopane are lower.The residual enclosed orgainc matter shows the same distribution characteristics of n-alkanes,steranes and terpanes as that of the original bitumaen A,i.e.,the higher contents of triterpanes and tetracyclic terpanes,the higher ratios of 25-norhopanes over regular hopanes and markedly degraded steranes.By comparing the residual hydrocarbon.residual enclosed orgainc matter and original enclosed orgainc matter.it can be concluded that steranes and terpanes in the residual hydrocarbons are produced mainly by the kerogen and subordinately by the residual enclosed organic matter,the steranes and terpanes do not enter into the residual enclosed organic matter,and the thermal evolution of the residual enclosed organic matter maintains its unique character.Furthermore,pressure retards the pyrolysis of higher carbon-number alkanes and influences the isomerization ratios of C29-steranes,making 20S/(20S 20R) lower under the higher pressure than that under lower pressure,Higher pressure retards the thermal evolution of organic matter. 相似文献
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大庆油田杏南开发区东部过渡带原油特征及油源对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杏南开发区东部过渡带的原油具有密度低、粘度低、含胶量低、含蜡量高、凝固点高的物性特征,属于典型的轻质油。其饱和烃含量、总烃含量和饱／芳比高,反映了藻类母质油源的输入特征。其正烷烃碳数分布范围为nC15—nC39,呈单峰态分布,主峰碳数为nC23,nC23。全油及族组分碳同位素值较轻。甾烷化合物含量丰富,并含有一定数量的C30—4甲基甾烷,C27,C28与C29甾烷的分布型式呈“L”字型。原油中的五环三萜类化合物含量丰富,主要有藿烷系列、升藿烷系列和r-蜡烷系列等。油源对比研究表明,研究区原油只具有与其东侧三肇凹陷中青一段泥岩大致相同的碳同位素值和甾、萜烷分布特征,表明原油主要来源于该凹陷中的青一段泥岩。 相似文献
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Q. Yuan 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(5):727-738
The molecular composition of Carboniferous–Permian coals in the maturity range from 0.66 to 1.63% vitrinite reflectance has been analysed using organic geochemistry to investigate the factors influencing the biomarker compositions of humic coals. The Carboniferous–Permian coal has a variable organofacies and is mainly humic-prone. There is a significant difference in the distribution of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in these coals, which can be divided into three types. The Group A coals have biomarker compositions typical of humic coal, characterised by high Pr/Ph ratios, a lower abundance of tricyclic terpanes with a decreasing distribution from C19 tricyclic terpane to C24 tricyclic terpane and a high number of terrigenous-related biomarkers, such as C24 tetracyclic terpane and C29 steranes. The biomarker composition of Group B coals, which were deposited in a suboxic environment, have a higher abundance of rearranged hopanes than observed in Group A coals. In contrast, in Group C coals, the Pr/Ph ratio is less than 1.0, and the sterane and terpane distributions are very different from those in groups A and B. Group C coals generally have abnormally abundant tricyclic terpanes with a normal distribution maximising at the C23 peak; C27 steranes predominates in the m/z 217 mass fragmentograms. The relationships between biomarker compositions, thermal maturity, Pr/Ph ratios and depositional environments, indicate that the biomarker compositions of Carboniferous–Permian coals in Ordos Basin are mainly related to their depositional environment. This leads to the conclusion that the biomarker compositions of groups A and B coals collected from Shanxi and Taiyuan formations in the northern Ordos Basin are mainly related to their marine–terrigenous transitional environment, whereas the biomarker compositions for the Group C coals from Carboniferous strata and Shanxi Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin are associated with marine incursions. 相似文献
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藏北羌塘盆地晚侏罗世海相油页岩生物标志物特征、沉积环境分析及意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
胜利河油页岩位于青藏高原腹地的羌塘盆地,具单层厚度薄、区域延伸长的特点,为羌塘盆地新发现的又一处海相油页岩.采用GC-MS(IRMS)分析方法对该油页岩进行了研究,结果表明,胜利河油页岩(11层以及13层)含有丰富的正烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物.正构烷烃呈前高后低的单峰型分布,nC15、nC16为主峰碳,轻烃组分占有绝对优势,OEP值0.96～0.97,接近平衡值1.00,Pr/Ph为0.57～0.75,显示弱的植烷优势;萜烷丰度顺序为五环三萜烷》三环萜烷》四环萜烷;规则甾烷呈不对称的"V"字型分布,表现为C27》C29》C28的分布特征.这些特征与剖面中其他岩性的生物标志物特征存在一定的差异,9层泥晶灰岩C21-/C21 值为0.86,轻烃优势并不明显;14层泥灰岩C21-/C21 值为0.41,具有明显的重碳优势;9层泥晶灰岩以及12层泥灰岩规则甾烷呈C29》C27》C28的特征也与油页岩层存在显著的差异.这些差异不仅反映了油页岩层与其他岩性间生物母源输入的差异,也反映了他们之间沉积环境的不同.胜利河地区油页岩的形成是综合因素控制的结果,古地理变化、海平面升降、生物群差异以及气候的变化均对该区油页岩的形成有一定的影响. 相似文献
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The occurrence of a novel class of tetracyclic triterpanes in petroleum is reported. These compounds presumably derive from pentacyclic hopanes by ring C opening. The identification of one C30H54 8,14-seco-hopane has been effected by means of comparison with a mixture of synthetic isomeric compounds. Homologous seco-hopanes parallel the distribution of hopanes between C27 and C30. 相似文献
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China has a number of petroliferous lacustrine sedimentary basins of varying salinity and age (mainly Eocene). A geochemical investigation has been undertaken on several oils and source rocks from the Eocene lacustrine Biyang Basin. The distributions of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, steranes, and terpanes have been studied and used to characterize the sedimentary environment of deposition, maturity, biodegradation and undertake possible correlations. The ratios of C30-hopane/gammacerane, 4-methyl-steranes/regular steranes, steranes/hopanes, C21 tricyclic/C30 hopane are proposed to be indicative of the depositional environment whereas ß-carotane appears to be a source related indicator. The geochemical data obtained in this study suggest that the major source rocks in the Biyang Basin were deposited in a saline/hypersaline depositional environment. 相似文献
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WANG Tieguan ZHU Dan LU Hong ZHANG Zhihuan YANG Chiyin The Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanism of the Education Ministry University of Petroleum Beijing Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong Geological Research Institute Dagang Oilfield 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(4):993-1001
With a production of 208.2 m3/d, heavy oil was produced by drill stem test (DST) from three shallow reservoirs in Sand Group Nos. Ⅰ and Ⅲ of the Neogene Guantao Formation (NgⅠ and NgⅢ) and the Eogene Dongying Formation (Ed) in an exploratory well Ban-14-1 within the Qianmiqiao region, Bohai Bay Basin, northern China. Based on the GC and GC-MS data of the NgⅠ and NgⅢ heavy oil samples, all n-alkanes and most isoprenoid hydrocarbons are lost and the GC baseline appears as an evident "hump", implying a large quantity of unresolved complex mixture (UCM), which typically revealed a result of heavy biodegradation. However, there still is a complete series of C14-C73 n-alkanes in the high-temperature gas chromatograms (HTGC) of the heavy oil, among which, the abundance of C30- n-alkanes are drastically reduced. The C35-C55 high molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes are at high abundance and show a normal distribution pattern with major peak at C43 and an obvious odd-carbon-number predominance with CPI37-55 and 相似文献