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1.
断层相关褶皱的三维构造几何学分析:以川西三维地震工区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现有的断层相关褶皱理论均基于平衡剖面原理而建立的二维几何学模型。所谓的假三维模型则是通过一系列的二维剖面复合而成的,真正意义上的三维断层相关褶皱理论尚未确立,仍然处于探索阶段。本文采用Trishear 4.0和GoCad软件,分别构建一系列不同位移量的断层转折褶皱和三剪断层传播褶皱的二维正演剖面,将这些正演剖面按照一定的线性位移梯度平行排列,从而建立起断层转折褶皱和三剪断层传播褶皱的假三维理论模型并加以分析和讨论。进而选取川西南盆地中三维地震勘探所覆盖的邛西断层转折褶皱和盐井沟断层传播褶皱,作为真三维实际解释模型的两个实例。研究表明,邛西背斜是一个典型的剪切断层转折褶皱,盐井沟背斜是一个典型的三剪断层传播褶皱;断层相关褶皱的假三维理论模型与实际解释模型的对比分析,可以看出沿背斜走向的位移梯度是控制三维构造几何学特征的基本因素,然而自然界断层面几何学的复杂多变以及岩层力学性质的各向异性,是造成断层相关褶皱真三维理论模型难以建立的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
扎格罗斯盆地因其丰富的油气资源和复杂的构造体系而深受国际石油界的重视,其中是否存在斜向逆冲断裂褶皱对于进一步深化盆地构造特征的认识至关重要.基于断裂相关褶皱理论,采用地层倾角域分析和褶皱轴面分析方法,系统地开展了扎格罗斯盆地Buzurgan背斜地震剖面的构造几何解析,获得了时间构造等T0图、沿层时间域水平切片图和平行于断层走向的地震剖面图.在此基础上,依据斜向逆冲断裂褶皱的构造几何识别特征,解释出Buzurgan背斜的斜向逆冲断裂褶皱几何变形样式.最后通过计算机正演模拟,再现了Buzurgan背斜斜向逆冲断裂褶皱构造样式的成生过程,验证了斜向逆冲断裂褶皱解释的合理性和可靠性. 相似文献
3.
依据帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带 3条构造剖面的详细分析,发现帕米尔—西昆仑北麓除山根地带发育高角度断层外,基本上以低角度逆掩断层为主,形成与逆冲推覆构造相关的褶皱变形。乌泊尔地区表现为由山脉向塔里木盆地滑移的隐伏冲断层和上覆褶皱;苏盖特—齐姆根—甫沙地区表现为山前的三角带和向盆地扩展的两排背斜带。帕米尔—西昆仑北麓前陆褶皱冲断带的主要构造变形时间始于上新世早期(距今约 4.6Ma),断层、褶皱的变形时代由山前向盆地逐步变新,变形强度由山脉向塔里木盆地逐步减弱。帕米尔—西昆仑北麓前陆褶皱冲断带的构造缩短量为 20～70km,缩短率为 35%～50%。 相似文献
4.
独山子背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段,是北天山逆冲推覆带在前陆盆地山前形成的断层相关褶皱。本文以横跨背斜的过井地震剖面为蓝本,用钻井数据、相邻地震剖面和地表形态为约束,运用断层相关褶皱模型对独山子背斜进行几何学定量分析,以建立合理的与实际接近的构造模型; 提取构造特征参数进行基于Trishear模型的运动学定量模拟,选取与实际数据吻合度最高的构造形态为独山子背斜的最佳几何模型。模拟数据表明:独山子背斜为前翼呈三角剪切的断层传播褶皱; 背斜变形从喜马拉雅山晚期更新统(Q1-3)沉积期间开始形成并生长,平均推覆速率为0.18 mm/a; 全新统沉积期间(Q4)推覆活动强度达到最大值,平均推覆速率为 4.64 mm/a。形成独山子背斜所需的总推覆位移量为5 600 m左右,第四纪期间的平均推覆速率约为0.19 mm/a。 相似文献
5.
川西盐井沟断层传播褶皱的三维构造建模与磁组构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
当前断层相关褶皱研究的发展方向是从二维向三维的转换。文中基于Arcgis、Discovery以及Gocad等三维软件平台,对川西盐井沟地区地震资料进行精细的解析,得出盐井沟背斜是一个典型的三剪断层传播褶皱,并建立了它的三维模型。同时考虑到单纯符合几何约束的构造解释普遍存在着多解性和不确定性,结合几何学的三维建模和动力学的有限应变分析研究断层相关褶皱。在川西盐井沟地区18个采样点钻取了184块定向岩心样品,通过磁组构的分析结果发现,盐井沟地区的磁组构基本上都是弱应变的初始变形组构,褶皱前翼应变强度比后翼略强。断层传播褶皱三剪带是有限应变最为集中的区域,在模型预测的三剪带内,磁组构反映的有限应变也较为强烈。磁组构所指示的构造应力场大致为NW-SE向挤压缩短,与断层相关褶皱的几何学与运动学模型的预测相一致。 相似文献
6.
当前断层相关褶皱研究的发展方向是从二维向三维的转换。文中基于Arcgis、Discovery以及Gocad等三维软件平台,对川西盐井沟地区地震资料进行精细的解析,得出盐井沟背斜是一个典型的三剪断层传播褶皱,并建立了它的三维模型。同时考虑到单纯符合几何约束的构造解释普遍存在着多解性和不确定性,结合几何学的三维建模和动力学的有限应变分析研究断层相关褶皱。在川西盐井沟地区18个采样点钻取了184块定向岩心样品,通过磁组构的分析结果发现,盐井沟地区的磁组构基本上都是弱应变的初始变形组构,褶皱前翼应变强度比后翼略强。断层传播褶皱三剪带是有限应变最为集中的区域,在模型预测的三剪带内,磁组构反映的有限应变也较为强烈。磁组构所指示的构造应力场大致为NW-SE向挤压缩短,与断层相关褶皱的几何学与运动学模型的预测相一致。 相似文献
7.
塔里木盆地北缘库车再生前陆褶皱逆冲带中丘里塔格前锋带的构造与油气 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9
丘里塔格背斜带是库车再生前陆褶皱逆冲带的前锋构造带。依据各段不同的构造特点,沿走向自东向西可分为东丘里塔格段、库车塔吾段、南、北丘里塔格段和亚克里克—阿瓦特段。其中东丘里塔格段和库车塔吾段以浅部膝折褶皱或断层传播褶皱与深部的断层转折褶皱相叠置为特点。而南、北丘里塔格段和亚克里克—阿瓦特段则以发育膝折褶皱、断层传播褶皱、断层转折褶皱以及相伴生的纵向走滑逆冲断层为特点。该构造带有良好的油气前景,寻找深部完整的断层转折褶皱背斜圈闭以及纵向走滑逆冲断层下盘的圈闭是重要的勘探方向。 相似文献
8.
河北东北部兴隆煤田区逆冲构造的特征及其区域构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
兴隆煤田及邻区的逆冲构造系基底卷入变形的厚皮逆冲构造,并具有典型的断坪-断坡式几何学结构.断层上盘逆冲方向指向NNW,沿着主干逆冲断层发生的倾向位移量约为13.1 km,逆冲断层及相关褶皱变形所造成的局部表层地壳缩短率约32.3%.对兴隆逆冲构造的几何学结构、运动学性质及其地层效应的分析表明,在申家胡同到黄土梁近东西向一线以南的区域,寻找到因逆冲断层作用导致的隐伏煤田的可能性是极小的.主干逆冲断层上、下盘地层大面积陡立乃至倒转的特征,更容易用断展褶皱,尤其是三角形剪切断展褶皱模型做出合理解释.该逆冲构造主要逆冲断层的上、下盘盖层岩系不整合于基底结晶变质岩系之上,地层序列发育完整而且可以一一对应,不存在沿着相对软弱层发育的大规模逆冲断层之断坪,因此,将该逆冲构造作为区域上承德逆冲构造的根带是不合适的. 相似文献
9.
英买力低凸起位于塔北隆起西部,是重要的含油气区域。英买2号背斜的研究与认识对于揭示区域构造演化及南部多个内幕型碳酸盐岩背斜的成因机制具有重要意义。本文运用断层相关褶皱原理及平衡剖面等方法,对英买2号背斜的地震剖面进行解释及复原。研究表明,英买2号背斜为固定翼长的滑脱褶皱,滑脱面位于中寒武统下部塑性层中,背斜演化经历了宽缓斜坡、起伏南倾、构造逆冲、稳定沉降掩埋和调整改造等5个阶段。背斜开始隆升时间为奥陶纪末期,地层缩短量为400～700 m,在海西末期隆升后遭受严重剥蚀,后期发育具传播性质的断层,伴有2期生长构造发育,背斜的前翼发生翼部旋转,发育生长三角,后翼有上超现象,体现了不同时期沉积速率的变化,也反映了后期构造活动的阶段性与持续性。 相似文献
10.
印度板块与欧亚大陆的汇聚作用和持续碰撞使中亚内陆沿天山、昆仑山、阿尔金山发生变形,山脉前沿发育褶皱冲断带。南天山库车褶皱冲断带中段库车河地区发育3～4排东西走向的逆冲(掩)断层和相关褶皱,逆冲(掩)断层由北向南扩展,断层和褶皱的形成时代自北向南逐渐变新,北部山前带的变形发生于前中新世,南部秋立塔克背斜带和亚肯背斜带的变形时代为上新世(5.2±0.2Ma)。通过构造几何学和运动学分析,作者提出了库车褶皱冲断带的构造变形方式和演化模型。 相似文献
11.
JIA Qiupeng JIA Dong LUO Liang CHEN Zhuxin LI Yiquan DENG Fei SUN Shengsi LI Haibin 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(2):372-385
Fold terminations are key features in the study of compressional fault-related folds. Such terminations could be due to loss of displacement on the thrust fault or/and forming a lateral or oblique ramp. Thus, high-quality seismic data would help unambiguously define which mechanism should be responsible for the termination of a given fault-related fold. The Qiongxi and Qiongxinan structures in the Sichuan Basin, China are examples of natural fault-propagation folds that possess a northern termination and a structural saddle between them. The folds/fault geometry and along-strike displacement variations are constrained by the industry 3-D seismic volume. We interpret that the plunge of the fold near the northern termination and the structural saddle are due to the loss of displacement along strike. The fault geometry associated with the northern termination changes from a flat-ramp at the crest of the Qiongxinan structure, where displacement is the greatest, to simply a ramp near the northern tip of the Qiongxi structure, without forming a lateral or oblique ramp. In this study, we also use the drainage pattern, embryonic structure preserved in the crest of the Qiongxinan structure and the assumption that displacement along a fault is proportional to the duration of thrusting to propose a model for the lateral propagation of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures. Specifically, we suggest that the structure first initiated as an isolated fault ramp within brittle units. With increased shortening, the fault grows to link with lower detachments in weaker shale units to create a hybridized fault-propagation fold. Our model suggests a possible explanation for the lateral propagation history of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures, and also provides an alternative approach to confirming the activity of the previous Pingluoba structure in the southwestern Sichuan Basin in the late Cenozoic. 相似文献
12.
贵州中生代变形主要发生在燕山期,发育三幕褶皱变形、两幕逆冲和三幕走滑。根据区域对比、卷入褶皱的地层和褶皱间的叠加关系,判断三期褶皱的形成顺序依次为近东西向、北东向和南北向,时限在J3—K2之间。逆冲推覆构造主要由向北西或西逆冲的近南北向逆冲断层组成,大体与南北向褶皱同时形成; 自雪峰构造带西缘向西,依次划分出根部带、中部带和前锋带。但是,在根部带识别出两幕逆冲推覆,其它两带各识别出一幕。走滑断层也有3个方向：东西向、北东向和近南北向。东西向走滑断层呈现出右行压扭的运动学特征,而大多数北东向走滑断层是左行张扭性质的。依据各个方向断层间的切割和限制关系,推测东西向走滑断层最早形成,其次是南北向逆冲断层,北东向走滑断层最晚活动。这些断裂和褶皱特征,总体表现出贵州多重多种复合联合的构造特征,最后,探讨了本区的构造成因模式。 相似文献
13.
JIA Qiupeng JIA Dong LUO Liang CHEN Zhuxin LI Yiquan DENG Fei SUN Shengsi LI Haibin 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(2)
Fold terminations are key features in the study of compressional fault-related folds. Such terminations could be due to loss of displacement on the thrust fault or/and forming a lateral or oblique ramp. Thus, high-quality seismic data would help unambiguously define which mechanism should be responsible for the termination of a given fault-related fold. The Qiongxi and Qiongxinan structures in the Sichuan Basin, China are examples of natural fault-propagation folds that possess a northern termination and a structural saddle between them. The folds/fault geometry and along-strike displacement variations are constrained by the industry 3-D seismic volume. We interpret that the plunge of the fold near the northern termination and the structural saddle are due to the loss of displacement along strike. The fault geometry associated with the northern termination changes from a flat-ramp at the crest of the Qiongxinan structure, where displacement is the greatest, to simply a ramp near the northern tip of the Qiongxi structure, without forming a lateral or oblique ramp. In this study, we also use the drainage pattern, embryonic structure preserved in the crest of the Qiongxinan structure and the assumption that displacement along a fault is proportional to the duration of thrusting to propose a model for the lateral propagation of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures. Specifically, we suggest that the structure first initiated as an isolated fault ramp within brittle units. With increased shortening, the fault grows to link with lower detachments in weaker shale units to create a hybridized fault-propagation fold. Our model suggests a possible explanation for the lateral propagation history of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures, and also provides an alternative approach to confirming the activity of the previous Pingluoba structure in the southwestern Sichuan Basin in the late Cenozoic. 相似文献
14.
El Hassania Habibou Hmidou El Ouardi Mohamed Habibi Eric Mercier 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(3):233
In the South Rifian ridges (SRR), the dominated structures correspond to the faulted anticline characteristic of a foreland orogeny context, front of the Rif Alpine belt. These anticlines correspond to thrust propagation folds. Geometric model of these structures shows that the normal faults have controlled the Mesozoic sedimentation during extensive episodes and participated in determining areas of thrusting during Miocene compressional phases. However, the normal fault strike which is relative to the direction of the shortening determined the geometry of diverse folds whether into the frontal ramps, lateral, or oblique. In the meantime, the systematic fracturing study in the Jurassic limestone beds, in different parts of the folds with axes oriented E-W, NW-SE, and NE-SW, permits to propose a relative fracturing chronology and tries investigating the relationship between folding and fracturing. The three main fracture families, oblique, transversal, and axial, appear simultaneously during the amplification of the fold. The simple shear in the limb contributes the latest to the folding reactivation and the density of the intensification of these microfractures. Likewise, given the important downslope fold limb dip of the ramp propagation folds, theoretically the shear intensity is more important, and micro-fractures are more important in the downslope fold limb, thus the uphill one. 相似文献
15.
The Tabaco anticline is a 15 km long, south plunging, east-vergent anticline in northern Colombia, close to the transpressional collisional margin between the Caribbean and South American plates. In the Cerrejón open-cast coal mine, systematic mapping of coal seams in the middle to upper Paleocene Cerrejón Formation has yielded an exceptional dataset consisting of 10 horizontal slices (sea level to 90 m elevation, regularly spaced at 10 m intervals) through the anticline. Coal seams and fault traces in these slices are used to construct a 3D model of the anticline. This 3D model shows tighter folds within lower coal seams, NW-vergent thrusts and related folds on the gentler western limb, and strike-slip faults on the steeper eastern limb. Fault slip-tendency analysis is used to infer that these two faulting styles resulted from two different stress fields: an earlier one consistent with thrusting and uplift of the Perijá range, and a later one consistent with strike-slip faulting (Oca, Ranchería and Samán faults). Our preferred interpretation is that the anticline developed its eastern vergence during the early stages (late Paleocene-early Eocene) of tilting of the Santa Marta massif. Later NW-vergent thrusting on the western limb (early to middle Eocene) was related to western propagation of the Perijá thrust system. These results contribute to the understanding of the structural evolution of the area. They are also a good example of the complex interplay between detachment folding, thrusting, and strike-slip faulting during the growth of a km-size fold in a transpressive setting. 相似文献
16.
库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征 总被引：60，自引：4，他引：56
库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔由一系列向南运动的逆冲断层和相关褶皱组成。冲断楔的北部以断层转折褶皱、断层传播褶皱、双重逆冲构造为主。断层楔的前缘发育了很好的滑脱膝折背斜,全为盲断层控制,形成隐蔽式前锋。冲断层的就位从中新世开始,自北向南迁移,前锋的构造形成在第四纪。造成逆冲断层的地壳水平缩短作用速度在中新世较慢,平均为0．355mm/a,上新世中期达0．82mm/a,而到上新世晚期和第四纪速度增大了约一个数量级,达到1．29－3mm/a。 相似文献
17.
早中生代(晚印支-早燕山期)岳阳-赤壁断褶带位于江南造山带与中扬子前陆盆地交界地带.作者对该构造带进行了地表地质调查,以此为基础探讨了构造剖面结构及构造变形动力机制.岳阳-赤壁断褶带自南而北可分为岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带,桃花泉-肖家湾盖层滑脱褶皱带,以及赤壁-嘉鱼前陆盆地断-褶-盆构造带.岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带自南而北依次有郭镇向斜、官山背斜、临湘倒转向斜和聂市背斜,组成隔槽式褶皱组合.褶皱轴面多向南倾,褶皱变形面为南华系盖层与冷家溪群褶皱基底间的角度不整合面和顺界面的滑脱断裂面.桃花泉-肖家湾盖层滑脱褶皱带主要发育轴面南倾倒转褶皱,褶皱波长较小,卷入地层为南华系-志留系以及上石炭统-中三叠统沉积盖层.赤壁-嘉鱼前陆盆地断-褶-盆构造带以南倾蒲圻断裂(江南断裂)为南部边界,发育T3-J2前陆盆地沉积,带内褶皱与断裂卷入地层包括沉积盖层以及T3-J2地层:南部断裂与褶皱轴面南倾.北部轴面近直立.自南西至北东,研究区内构造线走向由EW向渐变为NEE-NE向.上述构造分带及变形特征反映出自南向北的运动指向,表明岳阳-赤壁断褶带具前陆冲断带构造性质.从断裂相关褶皱理论出发,以地表构造特征为依据,厘定了岳阳-赤壁地质剖面结构并进行了变形动力机制分析,认识如下:①自南而北、自下而上的多个滑脱层及其间的南倾逆断裂或断坡(主要为江南断裂)组成近似台阶状的逆冲断裂系统,从总体上控制了构造块体的滑移、逆冲以及相应的构造格架或变形分区.②郭镇向斜为基底滑脱褶皱,官山背斜具滑脱褶皱和断裂传播褶皱双重成因,聂市背斜为断裂转折褶皱;临湘向斜为受两侧背斜控制的被动向斜,由于弯滑褶皱作用在其两翼沿不整合界面形成滑脱断裂.③岳阳-临湘基底滑脱-逆冲带隔槽式褶皱的形成主要受控于褶皱基底的滑脱和基底整体的水平压缩,其形成机制类似于肿缩式褶皱.最后讨论认为湘东北-鄂东南地区不存在大规模、长距离的逆冲推覆构造. 相似文献
18.
Soulef Amamria Mohamed Sadok Bensalem Mohamed Ghanmi Fouad Zargouni 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(6):2081-2087
The Bou Omrane is an example of southern–central Atlassic Tunisian folds, this massive is presented by an anticline delimited by a NE–SW thrust. The geometry study of this anticline (hinge and subvertical layers) associated to structural and stratigraphic correlation confirms the development of structures according to “fault propagation fold” model. Using numerical software Rampe 1.3.0, the balanced cross-sections demonstrate the complicated growth of Bou Omrane anticline. The resulted structure is obtained by thrusting on breakthrough coupled to blockage of ramp on the back limb. All these condition confirm the role of diversity of tectonics events and the inheritance tectonics notion associated with the reactivation of pre-existing faults on the genesis of folds and the development of collapse structures according to more than one decollement level. 相似文献