共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
被广泛采用的等价线性黏弹性模型不寻求土体动应力-应变的具体表达式,无法给出能量耗散函数,为深入研究筑坝土石料动力变形机制带来不便。变参数Ramberg-Osgood模型（简称R-O模型）通过变动两个参数以适应土体动模量衰减和阻尼增长,并给出滞回圈的数学表达式。研究中讨论了变参数R-O模型的适应范围,发现该模型不适合描述土体的小应变动力特性,给出了筑坝土石料变参数表达式,绘制了与试验曲线相协调的应力应变滞回圈。可以看出变参数R-O模型能够较好地描述筑坝土石料的动力特性,为进一步研究筑坝土石料的动力耗散与变形机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
2.
《岩土力学》2017,(2):435-442
软土地基在长期循环荷载作用下的变形特性十分重要,经验模型是动荷载引起的土体变形预测的实用方法,虽拟合方法众多,仍存在一定的局限性。根据典型结构性黏土的动力变形的曲线形态演化规律,通过引入指数型函数(1)Na?-与指数双曲线函数/(1)m mb N(10)c N的叠加融合,提出了一种能更好描述在循环荷载作用下黏土累积变形的改进模型,该模型既适用于具有应变极限值的"稳定型"应变曲线,也能拟合不同应力水平下的"破坏型"应变曲线。不仅如此,该改进模型对呈脆性破坏特征的强结构性黏土变形特性表征也具有明显的优越性,对于不同结构性土体与应力水平下土体的动力变形响应性状均能较好描述,具有很好的普适性。改进模型可近似计算土体的临界动应力,针对动荷载下的结构性黏土破坏突然且破坏前的轴向应变较小,认为宜用应变-振次曲线拐点对应的应变值来确定相应土体应变破坏标准。 相似文献
3.
《岩土力学》2017,(6):1550-1556
采用悬挂式防渗墙的坝基砂砾石土中可能发生潜蚀(suffusion)侵蚀而流失细颗粒,导致土体的强度和变形模量降低,从而对坝基防渗墙及上部坝体造成不利影响。定量描述细颗粒流失量对砂砾石土应力-应变关系影响的模型是定量评估这种影响的基础之一。提出了研究这种本构模型的试验方案,进行了三轴和侧限压缩试验研究了颗粒流失量对应力-应变关系的影响。颗粒流失未改变土体的应力-应变特性,但降低了土体的强度和变形模量。通过建立模型参数与流失量的关系,可以用同一个本构模型描述流失量时空变化的砂砾石土本构关系。基于邓肯E-B模型,建立了模型参数与颗粒流失量之间的定量关系表达式,从而实现了颗粒流失对应力-应变关系影响的定量描述方法。 相似文献
4.
软粘土的各向异性和小应变条件下的本构模型(ASM) 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
以能量方程为基础推导出各向异性和小应变条件下弹塑性的本构方程,并将屈服面与修正桥模型和试验测得的屈服面进行了对比,表明新的屈服面比修正剑桥模型更接近试验结果,采用从初始应力到状态边界面的距离为参数的系数来修正硬化准则以模拟土体小应谱条件下的应力－应变特征。将新的本构模型编入有限元程序,对小应变试验进行了计算分析,计算结果表明,新的模型比修正剑桥模型能更好地反映土体的主要力学特性。 相似文献
5.
常规三轴压缩试验中具有较强结构性的黏性土在围压较低时其应力−应变关系会呈现应变软化现象,一般还伴有塑性变形,通常土体内部结构损伤是应变软化产生的主要原因。考虑到采用经典塑性理论描述材料的应变软化不仅会违背 Drucker 的稳定性假设,而且也不能描述卸载塑性。因此,基于修正剑桥模型及 Li 和 Meissner 提出的塑性硬化准则,建立了一个描述饱和黏性土不排水应变软化的弹塑性双面模型。该模型以应力−应变曲线的峰值点分界,将应变硬化和应变软化分别作为独立的加载事件进行分析,同时引入新的结构性参数表征剪切过程中土体结构损伤导致的塑性刚度衰退。对不同固结状态饱和结构性黏土的三轴固结不排水压缩试验结果的模拟表明,所建模型能够较好地描述饱和黏性土的不排水应变软化特性。 相似文献
6.
土体结构性的数学模型是21世纪土力学的核心问题。由于土体微观结构的变化造成了重塑土与原状土的力学特性上的差异。采用应变型和应力型结构性宏观参数来表征这种微观结构的变化,同时将应变性结构性参数引入到等向固结过程中去,用以描述常规三轴试验中剪切前的等向固结过程以及剪切时球应力对结构性土体的影响。实现应变型和应力型结构性宏观参数对整个三轴剪切过程的描述。修正剑桥模型对正常固结重塑黏土的三轴压缩试验能做出准确地描述,但对超固结黏土及原状土,即具有结构地土体,则不能给出准确地描述。将应变型和应力型结构性宏观参数引入到修正剑桥模型中,实现修正剑桥模型的结构化。该结构性修正剑桥模型参数的确定方法与常规修正剑桥模型参数的确定方法相差不多,只不过多了球应力与土体结构性体应变的关系式、偏应力与土体结构性广义剪应变的关系式。经过数值模拟比较,结构性修正的剑桥模型能较好地反映原状土的结构性演化过程,能描述原状土结构的整个破坏过程,在多种应力路径下具有很好的预测作用。 相似文献
7.
重塑黄土三轴蠕变特性研究及模型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用SR-6型三轴蠕变仪对陕西省泾阳县某边坡重塑黄土进行了一系列室内三轴固结排水蠕变试验,着重研究了90%压实度下重塑黄土在不同含水率与围压下的蠕变特性,并依据试验资料建立了两种经验蠕变模型。结果表明：该地区黄土具有明显的流变特性,总体呈非线性衰减蠕变;围压与含水率均对蠕变特性有着显著的影响,土样在小围压、大含水率的条件下蠕变现象明显且蠕应变较大;同等荷载增量引起的应变增量的突然放大,预示着该级荷载已经超过土体的屈服应力值,土样产生黏塑性变形;两种模型的建立均能恰当地描述土体在20% ~ 65%偏应力水平下的蠕变特性,且模型简单,参数易得。 相似文献
8.
在临界状态弹塑性力学的框架内,建立了可以考虑循环荷载作用下各向异性对饱和软土力学特性影响的边界面塑性模型。该模型采用非关联的流动法则,引入了反映土体各向异性的内变量,利用该内变量的初始值描述初始各向异性,采用一种理论更为严谨、模型参数确定更为恰当的旋转硬化法则描述循环加载过程中各向异性的演化,利用更新映射中心的径向映射法则和与塑性偏应变路径长度有关的塑性模量插值规律,保证模型能够模拟循环加载时应力-应变响应的非线性、滞回性、应变累积性等基本特性,解释了模型参数的物理意义和确定方法,特别是给出了一种合理确定描述土体初始各向异性状态变量方法。通过文献中等压固结和偏压固结饱和黏土的循环三轴试验结果与模型预测结果的对比验证了模型的合理性。 相似文献
9.
高速铁路路基上的轨道以及附近区域的结构物承受低幅值、高循环振动荷载的反复作用。在此低幅值、高循环荷载作用下土体会产生不可恢复的应变累积,导致轨道及附近区域结构物发生附加沉降。当前,描述土体的循环变形特征的理论分为两类：一类是基于经典塑性理论的应力-应变滞回模型（例如边界面模型）,另一类是基于循环三轴试验经验规律的应变累积模型（例如Bochum累积模型）。为了能够预测土体在低幅值、高循环荷载作用下的应变累积行为,在前人对土体在低幅值、高循环荷载作用下大量试验研究的基础上,在经典弹塑性理论的框架下,提出一个土体在低幅值、高循环荷载作用下的应变累积模型。该模型通过用对数律来描述塑性体应变的累积规律,并以此作为应变累积的大小度量,然后通过修正Cam-clay模型的流动准则来描述应变累积的发展方向。最后,通过多组试验结果的模拟,表明所提出的应变累积模型能够较好地预测土体在低幅值、高循环荷载作用下的应变累积行为,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
10.
各向异性对土质心墙坝水力劈裂的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
应力诱导各向异性对复杂应力状态下土体的应力-应变规律有重要影响,而建立在各向同性假设基础上的常用土体本构模型并不能反映土体的这种特性,因此需要分析土体各向异性对土质心墙坝水力劈裂的影响。采用各向异性非线性弹性模型,对水荷载作用下粘土心墙坝进行有限元数值分析,并与邓肯模型计算结果比较。结果表明,各向异性模型考虑了蓄水期间从小主应力方向加荷引起的土体应力各向异性,计算得出的小主应力σ3较邓肯模型的大,且相应抗水力劈裂能力亦大,则邓肯E-v模型由于不能模拟蓄水期土体各向异性特性,对于水力劈裂发生的评估可能偏于危险。 相似文献
11.
广义位势理论从数学角度出发建立土的本构模型,可克服传统本构理论的不足,而又同时包含了传统理论作为其特例,从而为土的本构模型研究提供新的和适用性更广的理论。以广义虎克定律为基础的邓肯-张模型以其简单方便、参数确定容易且有明确的物理意义而得到广泛的应用,而其最大缺点则是不能反映土的剪胀性;此外,邓肯-张模型采用双曲线函数拟合试验曲线也有一定的局限性。为保留其参数确定简便的优点,并弥补其不足,基于广义位势理论建立了数值弹塑性模型。该模型保留了邓肯-张模型在参数确定方面的简单性,同时由于采用了广义位势理论来建模,不再受广义虎克定律的限制,因而可弥补邓肯-张模型在反映土体剪胀性方面的缺陷。此外,该模型采用数值手段来表示试验曲线的建模方法,可以克服邓肯-张模型采用双曲线函数表示试验曲线方法的局限性,具有更为广泛的适应性。通过对一碎石桩复合土体三轴试验结果的数值模拟表明：基于广义位势理论的数值弹塑性模型计算与试验结果吻合良好,且在反映碎石的剪胀特性方面优于邓肯-张模型,从而初步证明了该模型的合理性及优越性。 相似文献
12.
The paper begins with a discussion of the phenomenon of small‐strain stiffness and presents the small‐strain overlay model, a simple model that takes into account the non‐linear stiffness of soils at small strains. The new model can enhance already established elastoplastic formulations for non‐linear stiffness variation at small strains in a similar way that intergranular strain enhances the hypoplastic model. The overlay model is driven by the material's strain history and only two additional material constants, both with clear physical meaning. Therefore, the proposed model is a step towards the incorporation of small‐strain stiffness into routine design. In this paper, the new small‐strain overlay model is formulated. Its ability to take into account the influence of various strain histories on soil stiffness is illustrated in several examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
基于加筋黏性土挡墙的长期工作性能试验,综合分析加筋土挡墙在回填、加载过程及加载后各阶段对格栅应变、面板变形及墙后土压力的影响,以及格栅应变受模型槽尺寸效应的影响。试验结果表明：顶部加载完成后格栅应变随时间增加而逐渐增大,约6个月后增加趋势变缓并趋于稳定;随着距面板距离的增大,筋材应变先增大后减少,随着时间增长,黏性土中格栅应变沿全长发展并均有相应增长;受模型槽挡板与填料间的摩擦以及加载板与模型槽间存在间隙的影响,靠近两侧挡板筋材的应变值要比中间测点小些;相同位置处挡墙后最大水平土压力监测值约为朗肯主动土压力计算值的2倍;竖向土压力最大值仅为考虑顶部载荷和自重后应力总和的1/3左右,表明格栅加筋使挡墙填土中应力得以重新分布。 相似文献
14.
A large strain analysis of undrained expansion of a spherical/cylindrical cavity in a soil modelled as non‐linear elastic modified Cam clay material is presented. The stress–strain response of the soil is assumed to obey non‐linear elasticity until yielding. A power‐law characteristic or a hyperbolic stress–strain curve is used to describe the gradual reduction of soil stiffness with shear strain. It is assumed that, after yielding, the elasto‐plastic behaviour of the soil can be described by the modified Cam clay model. Based on a closed‐form stress–strain response in undrained condition, a numerical solution is obtained with the aid of simple numerical integration technique. The results show that the stresses and the pore pressure in the soil around an expanded cavity are significantly affected by the non‐linear elasticity, especially if the soil is overconsolidated. The difference between large strain and small strain solutions in the elastic zone is not significant. The stresses and the pore pressure at the cavity wall can be expressed as an approximate closed‐form solution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
An objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the small strain model developed by the authors can be incorporated into the conventional kinematic hardening plasticity framework to predict pre‐failure defor mations. The constitutive model described in this paper is constituted by three elliptical yield surfaces in triaxial stress space. Two inner surfaces are rotated ellipses of the same shape, representing the boundaries of the linear elastic and small strain regions, while the third surface is the modified Cam clay large‐scale yield surface. Within the linear elastic region, the soil behaviour is elastic with cross‐coupling between the shear and volumetric stress–strain components. Within the small strain region, the soil behaviour is elasto‐plastic, described by the kinematic hardening rule with an infinite number of loading surfaces defined by the incremental energy criterion. Within the large‐scale yield surface, the soil behaviour is elasto‐plastic, described by kinematic and isotropic hardening of the small strain region boundary. Since the yield surfaces have different shapes, the uniqueness of the plastic loading condition imposes a restriction on the ratio between their semi‐diameters. The model requires 12 parameters, which can be determined from a single consolidated undrained triaxial compression test. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Hyperplasticity theory was developed by Collins and Houlsby (Proc. Roy. Soc. Lon. A 1997; 453 :1975–2001) and Houlsby and Puzrin (Int. J. Plasticity 2000; 16 (9):1017–1047). Further research has extended the method to continuous hyperplasticity, in which smooth transitions between elastic and plastic behaviour can be modelled. This paper illustrates a development of a new constitutive model for soils using hyperplasticity theory. The research begins with a simple one‐dimensional elasticity model. This is extended in stages to an elasto‐plastic model with a continuous internal function. The research aims to develop a soil model, which addresses some of the shortcomings of the modified cam‐clay model, specifically the fact that it cannot model small strain stiffness, or the effects of immediate stress history. All expressions used are consistent with critical state soil mechanics terminology. Finally, a numerical implementation of the model using a rate‐dependent algorithm is described. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
In this paper a constitutive model for soils incorporating small strain stiffness formulated in the multilaminate framework is presented. In the multilaminate framework, the stress–strain behaviour of a material is obtained by integrating the mechanical response of an infinite number of randomly oriented planes passing through a material point. Such a procedure leads to a number of advantages in describing soil behaviour, the most significant being capture of initial and induced anisotropy due to plastic flow in a physically meaningful manner. In the past, many soil models of varying degree of refinement in the multilaminate framework have been presented by various authors. However, the issue of high initial soil stiffness in the range of very small strains and its degradation with straining, commonly referred to as ‘small strain stiffness’, has not been addressed within the multilaminate framework. In this paper, we adopt a micromechanics‐based approach to derive small strain elastic stiffness of the soil mass. Comparison of laboratory test data with results obtained from numerical simulations based on the proposed constitutive model incorporating small strain stiffness is performed to demonstrate its predictive capabilities. The model is implemented in a finite element code and numerical simulations of a deep excavation are presented with and without incorporation of small strain stiffness to demonstrate its importance in predicting profiles of deformation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
平面应变状态下土体的软化特性与本构模拟 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在平面应变状态下,由于土体在应力峰值状态出现了应变局部化现象,从而变形模式失去了原有的均匀性而呈现软化特性。为此,采用常规的弹塑性本构模型模拟土体峰值前的均匀变形,对应力峰值状态则采用非共轴的分叉理论进行预测,而土样在峰值后出现不均匀变形的宏观力学特性则通过复合体理论加以描述。理论预测表明,构建这样的软化本构模型能真实反映平面应变状态下的应力-应变特性。理论分析还表明,经典的变形分叉理论中引入非共轴弹塑性模型,才能准确地预测土体的应力峰值,这是构建平面应变状态下土体软化本构模型的关键所在。 相似文献
19.
Many pieces of evidence have confirmed that the seepage in fine-grained soils can deviate from traditional Darcy's law that contributes to the consolidation theory. In this paper, a numerical model, referred to as consolidation with non-Darcian flow 2 (CNDF2), is developed for the 1D large strain consolidation of a saturated porous medium with the non-Darcian flow. The algorithm accounts for vertical strain, general constitutive relationships, the relative velocity of the fluid and solid phases, variable compressibility and permeability relation during consolidation, time-dependent loading, and unload/reload effects. Compared with the CS2 model proposed in previous studies, some parts of the CNDF2 model are modified in order to adapt to the non-Darcian flow, especially the equivalent series hydraulic conductivity and fluid flow. The verification examples of the CNDF2 model demonstrate excellent accuracy for both small strain and large strain consolidation. According to the applicable conditions of non-Darcian flow law, the CNDF2 model is most suitable for the fine-grained soil. The development of CNDF2 is first presented, followed by examples to analyze the influences of the non-Darcian flow on the consolidation behavior. 相似文献