共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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现代海底热液系统内冷海水的下渗和热液流体的上涌及由此引发的水岩反应驱动着金的循环演化,并可在海底形成极具经济前景的富金矿床。海底下覆基岩深部层位中的金会因为水岩反应而大量溶解迁移到热液流体中,金含量可比海水高千倍的热液流体在向海底表面运移过程中发生的相分离作用会进一步富集金,当遭遇冷海水发生混合作用后引发H_2S浓度和温度的降低,由此导致金因溶解度降低而从热液流体中迁移出来并赋存在一同形成的硫化物矿物中。海底硫化物中金含量的分布受到围岩性质和构造环境的控制,形成在岛弧和弧后环境中的硫化物一般比洋中脊环境中的硫化物的金含量高,而在相似构造环境下形成在长英质围岩系统和超镁铁质围岩系统中的硫化物其金含量比镁铁质围岩系统中的高。相对于高温阶段形成的黄铜矿,低温成因的黄铁矿和闪锌矿普遍更富集金。在分布最广的黄铁矿的晶格内,固溶体态金的溶解度受到砷含量的控制,当超过矿物的溶解度时则会出现纳米到微米级金颗粒聚合体。虽然热液硫化物中的金含量比热液沉积物高的多,但由于受其捕获效率的制约,随热液流体运移到海底表面的金还是有相当一部分最终随着羽状流扩散到了远端沉积物中或被海洋水体所接纳。若要更清晰甚至定量化地厘清金在现代海底热液系统中的迁移演化过程及控制因素,则微区、原位和高精度的实验方法、分析技术和模拟研究将是下一步工作的重点。 相似文献
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原始的海水成分、基岩的组分及结构、热源性质等因素决定着现代海底热液喷口系统的流体成分, 同时, 各种地质构造背景下的岩浆脱气作用也在不同程度上影响热液流体的组成.热液流体一旦喷出海底, 就能形成不同类型的热液沉积体, 包括高温流体形成的金属硫化物或硫酸盐烟囱体、热液丘以及由低温弥散流及非浮力羽流形成的含金属沉积物堆积体.高温烟囱体的形成受控于海水和热液的混合比例, 常常表现为典型的两阶段模式, 即先形成环状硬石膏表层, 然后在其内部发生富Cu硫化物的沉淀.这一模式在更大尺度上也可以观察到, 如TAG热液丘.含金属沉积物遍布海底, 除热液羽流外, 金属硫化物烟囱体在氧化环境中氧化蚀变的产物也是其重要来源.生物的活动贯穿于现代热液过程的始终, 并在烟囱体的形成、分解以及羽流的扩散沉淀过程中起到了重要作用.当前, 热液生物矿化机理、Lost City型热液场以及超慢速扩张洋脊的有关研究是海底这一系统研究的热点, 前两者研究能使人们更好地理解地球早期的演化和生命的起源, 而后者的考察和研究能进一步丰富海底热液成矿理论, 并有助于寻找更大规模的热液矿体. 相似文献
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安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜、金矿床两阶段成矿模式 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
冬瓜山铜金矿床包括层状硫化物矿体、矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体。层状硫化物矿体具层状形态和层控特征，矿石具块状、层纹状和揉皱状构造。燕山期岩浆岩及其岩浆流体对层状矿体进行了叠加和改造，改变了其结构构造、矿物组合和矿石成分，并在其上叠加蚀变和矿化。层状矿体中的铜是由含铜流体交代块状硫化物矿石形成的。冬瓜山铜金矿床经历了两次成矿作用：第一成矿阶段．在石炭纪中期，海底喷流作用形成了块状硫化物矿床，矿石成分以硫、铁矿为主；第二成矿阶段。燕山期岩浆侵人，一方面岩浆热液与围岩相互作用发生矽卡岩化、硅化、钾长石化、石英绢云母化和青磐岩化，形成矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体，另一方面岩浆流体对块状硫化物矿体进行叠加改造，致使块状硫化物矿体富集铜等成矿物质。 相似文献
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安徽铜陵矿集区块状硫化物矿床成因模型与成矿流体动力学迁移 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
根据地质和同位素地球化学特征，建立了铜陵地区赋存于石炭系地层底部的块状硫化物矿床的成因模型；该类型矿床的形成主要与石炭纪海底热水活动有关，属喷流-沉积型(SEDEX)块状硫化物矿床；下伏古生代地层是重要的成矿金属源区，海水硫酸盐是硫化物成矿的主要硫源。成矿热流体循环的动力学数值模拟揭示。该类型矿床底盘岩石中的流体活动和热影响范围主要局限在主排泄通道两侧较小的区域内；温度场和流场决定以沉积岩为容矿岩石的喷流．沉积型块状硫化物矿床底盘岩石中的蚀变和矿化强度不如以火山岩为容矿岩石的块状硫化物矿床。伴随强大深部热流的张性同生断裂是控制喷流一沉积型块状硫化物矿床形成与分布的关键因素。海西期扬子板块北缘的张性构造体制为该时期喷流一沉积型块状硫化物矿床的形成提供了有利的地球动力学环境。 相似文献
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《吉林地质》2017,(1)
海底热液成矿是近年来地质学家关注的热点问题。现代海底热液成矿作用的研究推动了古块状硫化物矿床成矿过程的认识。结合现今研究成果综合分析表明:海底热液成矿作用主要分布在张性活动板块边界,与大地构造活动紧密相连;成矿金属物质来源具有多元性,金属矿化的类型受基底类型(洋壳-陆壳)和岩性组合(基性岩石-中酸性岩石)的控制,岩浆来源的物质也可能对一些块状硫化物矿床有贡献;主导海底热液成矿作用的核心为对流热循环系统,对流循环具有单循环和双扩散对流模式;海底块状硫化物的堆积过程是烟囱的生长、倒塌堆积和热液流体充填与交代的过程,成矿热液流体的温度和密度在这个过程中起关键作用。基于海底热水矿床的重要性,建立完整的热水喷流成矿理论意义重大。 相似文献
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李文渊 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(1):15-23
从现代块状硫化物矿床成矿特征对比角度,总结分析了世界现代海底喷流的块状硫化物成矿堆积,综述了现代海底块状硫化物成矿主要形成于洋壳和岛弧环境的实际观察结果,突出强调了洋壳环境和岛弧或陆壳环境两种成矿环境对成矿类型分类的意义。对上地幔部分熔融岩浆来源与地壳物质可能带人、火山喷发岩浆系列的演化和对热液成矿作用的控制进行了讨论,对比分析了岩浆流体对成矿的重要贡献和控制作用,以及成矿热液循环体系形成的条件和模式。 相似文献
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对铜陵地区石炭纪喷流 -沉积型 (Sedex)块状硫化物矿床成矿过程中流体运移的数值模拟 ,揭示该类型矿床底盘岩石中的流体活动和热影响范围主要局限在主排泄通道两侧较小的区域内 ;流体运移行为主要表现为海水下渗淋滤底盘岩石 ,最后汇入主排泄通道 ,与沿断裂上升热流体一道喷出海底。温度场和流场决定喷流 -沉积型块状硫化物矿床底盘岩石中的蚀变和矿化强度较弱 ,这是 Sedex型矿床底盘岩石蚀变和矿化强度不如以火山岩为容矿岩石块状硫化物矿床(VHMS型 )的原因。尽管温度场和流场的影响范围较小 ,但在铜陵地区 ,下渗海水从底盘岩石中淋滤出… 相似文献
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铜陵新桥铁矿田地质地球化学特征及成因浅析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长期以来有关新桥 (S Fe Cu)矿田的成因一直争论不休 ,如沉积 -改造型、层控 -矽卡岩型、海底喷流沉积型等。作者在综合分析该矿田的地质 -地球化学特征的基础上 ,认为新桥矿田具有二期成矿作用的特点。早期沉积成矿作用形成菱铁矿矿体和不具有工业意义的黄铁矿层。后期岩浆成矿作用形成层状、似层状块状硫化物型、热接触交代矽卡岩型和热液脉型等不同类型的硫化物矿体。沉积作用形成的矿体与岩浆作用形成的矿体各自有着不同的地球化学特征 相似文献
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Ryohei Suzuki Jun-Ichiro Ishibashi Miwako Nakaseama Uta Konno Urumu Tsunogai Kaul Gena Hitoshi Chiba 《Resource Geology》2008,58(3):267-288
The Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal vent field (24°51′N, 122°42′E) is located at water depths of 1370–1385 m near the western edge of the southern Okinawa Trough. During the YK03–05 and YK04–05 expeditions using the submersible Shinkai 6500, both hydrothermal precipitates (sulfide/sulfate/carbonate) and high temperature fluids (Tmax = 328°C) presently venting from chimney‐mound structures were extensively sampled. The collected venting fluids had a wide range of chemistry (Cl concentration 376–635 mmol kg?1), which is considered as evidence for sub‐seafloor phase separation. While the Cl‐enriched smoky black fluids were venting from two adjacent chimney‐mound structures in the hydrothermal center, the clear transparent fluids sometimes containing CO2 droplet were found in the peripheral area of the field. This distribution pattern could be explained by migration of the vapor‐rich hydrothermal fluid within a porous sediment layer after the sub‐seafloor phase separation. The collected hydrothermal precipitates demonstrated a diverse range of mineralization, which can be classified into five groups: (i) anhydrite‐rich chimneys, immature precipitates including sulfide disseminations in anhydrite; (ii) massive Zn‐Pb‐Cu sulfides, consisting of sphalerite, wurtzite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and marcasite; (iii) Ba‐As chimneys, composed of barite with sulfide disseminations, sometimes associated with realgar and orpiment overgrowth; (iv) Mn‐rich chimneys, consisting of carbonates (calcite and magnesite) and sulfides (sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, alabandite, and minor amount of tennantite and enargite); and (v) pavement, silicified sediment including abundant native sulfur or barite. Sulfide/sulfate mineralization (groups i–iii) was found in the chimney–mound structure associated with vapor‐loss (Cl‐enriched) fluid venting. In contrast, the sulfide/carbonate mineralization (group iv) was specifically found in the chimneys where vapor‐rich (Cl‐depleted) fluid venting is expected, and the pavement (group v) was associated with diffusive venting from the seafloor sediment. This correspondence strongly suggests that the subseafloor phase separation plays an important role in the diverse range of mineralization in the Yonaguni IV field. The observed sulfide mineral assemblage was consistent with the sulfur fugacity calculated from the FeS content in sphalerite/wurtzite and the fluid temperature for each site, which suggests that the shift of the sulfur fugacity due to participation of volatile species during phase separation is an important factor to induce diverse mineralization. In contrast, carbonate mineralization is attributed to the significant mixing of vapor‐rich hydrothermal fluid and seawater. A submarine hydrothermal system within a back‐arc basin in the continental margin may be considered as developed in a geologic setting favorable to a diverse range of mineralization, where relatively shallow water depth induces sub‐seafloor phase separation of hydrothermal fluid, and sediment accumulation could enhance migration of the vapor‐rich hydrothermal fluid. 相似文献
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现代海底热液成矿作用研究现状及发展方向 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
现代海底热水成矿作用研究的重大进展表现在两个方面：（１）大批活动的和窒息的热液活动区和硫化物矿床在洋脊、岛弧、弧后盆地及板内火山活动中心等海底环境相继发现。在沉积物饥饿洋脊，矿床规模较小，Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ为主，沉积物覆盖洋脊，矿床规模巨大，Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ为主。弧后扩张或弧间裂陷盆地，形成Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ→Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ－Ｃｕ→Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ矿床谱系。岛弧环境硫化物矿床不具规模，板内火山活动中心以氧化物－硫化物矿化为特色。（２）现代海底热水成矿作用观察和研究为古代ＶＭＳ矿床成因研究提供了重要信息，对现有成矿理论产生重要影响。现代成矿观念强调：①海底成矿作用虽可产生于不同环境，但均与张裂断陷事件密切相关。矿床规模和分布特点受张裂速率制约；②成矿物质主体来源于热水循环的火山－沉积岩和下伏基底物质；③硫化物堆积发生于丘堤－烟囱联合构成的机构和结壳下部，通过开放空间的硫化物充填和先成矿石淋滤迁移来实现。④热液流体呈双扩散对流循环。现代海底热水成矿作用的未来研究方向可概括为强度方向和广度方向。广度研究将加大力度去发现新的矿床，强度研究将采用地球物理方法并配以必要的钻探，深入揭示矿床的三维结构和热液体系及成矿机制。 相似文献
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关于现代浅海型海底热液活动的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
浅海型海底热液活动一般出现于海底火山顶部或者翼部，其所处的特殊地理位置是深海热液活动和陆上热泉的过渡地形。研究浅海型海底热液活动使我们更全面了解地球内部热量的缓慢散发形式。目前浅海型热液活动研究多侧重于流体、伴生气体、沉积物等方面：对于流体研究主要通过流体元素特征探讨流体源，虽然浅海热液活动流体在海底喷出，但流体主要组分有时是海水，有时是陆上大气水—海水只是作为少部分加入其中。对于伴生气体的研究表明：热液喷出时伴生气体组分多是火山气来源，火山气的加入导致热液流体酸性增强，使热液流体较容易淅沥出围岩中的元素，因此尽管浅海型热液流体流经路程短，但是流体中依然包含了较多物质，从而在海底表面沉淀沉积物，甚至可以形成烟囱体，由此可见浅海型热液活动与火山活动紧密相关。对于沉积物的研究显示浅海热液活动产生的沉积物组分简单，也有像深海热液活动中烟囱状沉积体的形成。沉积物对周围水域中元素浓度起到积极影响，如Fe、As含量等，这是热液流体与海水相互作用的结果。
现代浅海型热液活动往往出现于近海岸处，距离人类生活较深海热液活动更加接近，所以浅海热液活动对周围环境影响的深度及广度应该成为下一步研究重点。 相似文献
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为了探索高渗透性洋壳中高温热液循环系统的形成机制,以数值模拟为手段研究热液循环中的矿物沉淀过程及其对洋壳渗透率的反馈.在热液对流-矿物反应模型中考虑了硬石膏、黄铁矿和黄铜矿的沉淀和溶解反应,基于矿物的溶度积计算矿物的沉淀/溶解量,并将其转换为渗透率的变化.结果显示,黄铁矿和黄铜矿分布于350~380℃等温线范围内,并随着热液温度升高而逐渐向海底推移.海水被加热及与热液混合过程中沉淀出硬石膏,在热液上升通道两侧形成低渗透性的烟囱状结构,降低了海水-热液混合程度从而使热液温度升高.高温热液通道建立后,便会有更多的金属物质随着高温热液被运输至浅层洋壳或海底.模拟结果为理解海底高温热液喷口的形成机制提供了借鉴. 相似文献
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海底热水活动与海相富有机质层形成的关系——以华北新元古界青白口系下马岭组为例 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
对华北新元古界青白口系下马岭组富有机质层段的常量元素、微量元素和有机质含量进行了系统分析，其基本特征是富有机质沉积层段的SiO2含量明显高于泥质岩中的含量，SiO2含量与TOC成正相关系，与TiO2含量成反比，Si／(Si Al Fe)比值与TOC成正相关关系；与海底热水流体活动有关的P、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、V等元素含量明显富集，Ba／Sr比值远远大于1，且与TOC之间成正相关关系。在下马岭组剖面上，从Qb1x^3向上纹层～薄层状硅质岩夹层蹭多，有机质含量也开始急剧增高。地质地球化学特征表明，在下马岭组富有机质沉积层段形成时，盆地拉张沉降作用强烈，海底热水活动与之紧密相伴，而且海底热水流体活动是导致该富有机质沉积层段形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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洋中脊超基性岩热液成矿系统通常与洋底核杂岩构造有关,多发育大型矿床,具有巨大的资源前景。然而,受大洋调查取样手段的限制,超基性岩蛇纹岩化对成矿的影响仍需进一步研究。德尔尼铜矿床是地质历史上该类矿床的典型案例,对于理解其成矿模式,以及大洋硫化物勘探具有指导意义。本文选取德尔尼铜矿床块状硫化物样品进行黄铁矿的S同位素分析,结果表明其δ34S值主要分布在-0.4‰～+6.3‰。结合前人研究发现,形成于深部网脉状、条带状矿石中的δ34S值为负值,而经历表层喷流和破碎作用的块状和角砾状矿石中的δ34S值为正值,二者呈对称分布,这主要是由于还原条件下岩浆排气产生的SO_2和H_2S动态平衡并逐渐沉淀S2-,表明蛇纹岩化提供的还原环境对热液系统演化产生了重要影响。然而,磁黄铁矿和矿床Ni的分布指示成矿物质中超基性岩的贡献较小,主要物质来源是洋中脊深部的基性岩浆,通过热液循环将物质运移至海底并喷流成矿。对比现今超基性岩赋矿的高温热液硫化物矿床,德尔尼铜矿床形成温度更低,代表了超基性岩赋矿热液硫化物中的中温端元,表明在距离拆离面一定距离(约2～4km)的位置也可能形成大型的热液硫化物矿床,这对于现今洋中脊热液硫化物勘探具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
17.
Hydrothermal mineralization at seafloor spreading centers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Peter A. Rona 《Earth》1984,20(1):1-104
The recent recognition that metallic mineral deposits are concentrated by hydrothermal processes at seafloor spreading centers constitutes a scientific breakthrough that opens active sites at seafloor spreading centers as natural laboratories to investigate ore-forming processes of such economically useful deposits as massive sulfides in volcanogenic rocks on land, and that enhances the metallic mineral potential of oceanic crust covering two-thirds of the Earth both beneath ocean basins and exposed on land in ophiolite belts. This paper reviews our knowledge of processes of hydrothermal mineralization and the occurrence and distribution of hydrothermal mineral deposits at the global oceanic ridge-rift system.Sub-seafloor hydrothermal convection involving circulation of seawater through fractured rocks of oceanic crust driven by heat supplied by generation of new lithosphere is nearly ubiquitous at seafloor spreading centers. However, ore-forming hydrothermal systems are extremely localized where conditions of anomalously high thermal gradients and permeability increase hydrothermal activity from the ubiquitous low-intensity background level (? 200°C) to high-intensity characterized by high temperatures ( > 200–c.400°C), and a rate and volume of flow sufficient to sustain chemical reactions that produce acid, reducing, metal-rich primary hydrothermal solutions. A series of mineral phases with sulfides and oxides as high- and low-temperature end members, respectively, are precipitated along the upwelling limb and in the discharge zone of single-phase systems as a function of increasing admixture of normal seawater.The occurrence of hydrothermal mineral deposits is considered in terms of spatial and temporal frames of reference. Spatial frames of reference comprise structural features along-axis (linear sections that are the loci of seafloor spreading alternating with transform faults) and perpendicular to axis (axial zone of volcanic extrusion and marginal zones of active extension) common to all spreading centers, regional tectonic setting determined by stage (early, advanced), and rate (slow, intermediate-to-fast) of opening of an ocean basin about a spreading center, and local tectonic sub-setting that incorporates anomalous structural and thermal conditions conducive to mineral concentration (thermal gradient, permeability, system geometry, leaky versus tight hydrothermal systems). Temporal frames of reference comprise the relation between mineral concentration and timing of regional plutonic, volcanic and tectonic cycles and of episodic local physical and chemical events (transient stress, fluctuating heat transfer, intrusion-extrusion, fracturing, sealing, etc.). Types of hydrothermal deposits are not uniquely associated with specific tectonic settings and subsettings. Similar types of hydrothermal deposits may occur in different tectonic settings as a consequence of convergence of physical and chemical processes of concentration.Local tectonic sub-settings with conditions conducive to hydrothermal mineralization at slow-spreading centers (half rate ≤ 2cm y?1; length c. 28,000 km), characterized by an estimated average convective heat transfer of 15.1·108 cal. cm?2, deep-level ( > 3 km), relative narrow (< 5 km wide at base) magma chambers, and high topographic relief (1–5 km) are: (1) basins along linear sections of the axial zone of volcanic extrusion near transform faults at an early stage of opening, represented by a large stratiform sulfide deposit (estimated 32.5·106 metric tons) of the Atlantis II Deep of the Red Sea; (2) the wall along linear sections of the rift valley in the marginal zone of active extension at an advanced stage of opening, represented by encrustations and layered deposits of manganese and iron oxides, hydroxides and silicates inferred to be underlain by stockwork sulfides at the TAG Hydrothermal Field at latitude 26°C on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; (3) transform faults, especially those with large ridge-ridge offset ( > 30 km), at an advanced stage of opening, represented by stockwork sulfides exposed in the walls of equatorial fracture zones of the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean; (4) the axial zone of volcanic extrusion at an advanced stage of opening.Local tectonic sub-settings with conditions conducive to hydrothermal mineralization at intermediate- to fast-spreading centers (half rate > 2cm y?1; length c. 22,000 km) characterized by an estimated average convective heat transfer of 11.5·108 cal. cm?2, relatively wide (up to 20 km at base), shallow-level (c. 1–3 km) magma chambers, and low topographic relief (< 1 km), are: (1) basins along linear sections of the axial zone of volcanic extrusion at an early stage of opening, represented by massive sulfide deposits of the Guaymas Basin of the Gulf of California; (2) the axial zone of volcanic extrusion at an advanced stage of opening, represented by individually small (c. 1·103 metric tons), massive sulfide mounds surmounted by chimneys of the East Pacific Rise at latitude 21°N; (3) the marginal zone of active extension at an advanced stage of opening represented by a large, massive sulfide deposit (preliminary tentative estimate c.10·106 metric tons) at a double-rifted section of the Galapagos Spreading Center; (4) transform faults, especially those with large ridge-ridge offset ( > 50 km) represented by manganese encrustations in a transform fault at the Galapagos Spreading Center; (5) volcanic seamounts related to persistent hot spots at spreading centers, represented by oxide and sulfide deposits on seamounts off the axis of the East Pacific Rise; (6) portions of spreading centers with anomalous configurations such as multiple, bent or extended rifts, represented by massive sulfide deposits at a double-rifted section of the Galapagos Spreading Center, suggesting the operation of a thermal-structural feedback mechanism indicative of the presence of hydrothermal mineralization; (7) discrete spreading centers in back-arc basins represented by hydrothermal deposits at sites in marginal seas of the western Pacific.Ore-forming processes appear to be least efficient in the axial zone of volcanic extrusion of oceanic ridges at an advanced stage of opening irrespective of spreading rate, where tight hydrothermal systems dissipate a major portion of contained metals by precipitation and dispersion in particulate form from “black smokers” that discharge into the water column. Ore-forming processes appear to be most efficient at sites in basins at linear sections of the axial zone of volcanic extrusion near transform faults during an early stage of opening, and at marginal zones of active extension along linear sections of a spreading center during an advanced stage of opening, irrespective of spreading rate, where both tight and leaky hydrothermal systems may conserve their contained metals to concentrate large sulfide deposits. Resemblances in mineralization between stockwork sulfides at seafloor spreading centers and porphyry copper-type deposits in volcanogenic rocks on land suggest the possibility for the occurrence of large tonnage, low-grade porphyry copper-like deposits concentrated by leaky hydrothermal systems at spreading centers. Systematic application of composite exploration procedures is leading to the discovery of numerous additional deposits. It is inferred from the limited data base available that the occurrence of hydrothermal mineral deposits is more frequent at intermediate-to-fast-than at slow-spreading centers, but the potential for the accumulation of large hydrothermal mineral deposits is greater at slow-spreading centers.Current knowledge of the distribution of hydrothermal mineral deposits at seafloor spreading centers is limited to about 55 sites at this early stage of exploration. Estimates of the distribution of either fields of hydrothermal mineral deposits or high-intensity ore-forming hydrothermal systems at seafloor spreading centers, deduced from various considerations, range from one such occurrence between 15 and 265 km along slow-spreading centers, and 1 and 100 km along intermediate- to fast-spreading centers. However, the distribution of sizable deposits will remain sporadic owing to the special structural and thermal conditions necessary to sustain and to retain high-intensity ore-forming hydrothermal systems. 相似文献
18.
19.
现代海底热液活动与块状硫化物矿床成因研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
现代海底热液活动的发现及对其分布特征和成矿机理的研究是近年来海洋地质学和矿床地质学的一大进展。对现代海底金属硫化物成矿作用的研究大大推动和促进了对古代块状硫化物矿床成因的认识。有关研究成果综合分析表明：(1)深部热液对流循环系统是块状硫化物成矿的核心，对流循环模式有简单的热液对流模式和双扩散对流模式。(2)块状硫化物矿床集中分布在大洋中张裂性活动板块边界，与大地构造活动紧密联系。(3)成矿流体与成矿物质均有多源性，在强调海水循环淋滤的同时，通过应用新的方法技术，岩浆来源物质(流体及成矿金属等)对一些块状硫化物矿床成矿的直接贡献得到初步确认。(4)在高温热液活动区及金属硫化物沉积中发现大量生命活动和生物群体，意义重大。 相似文献