共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 107 毫秒
1.
华北东部盆山耦合与内生成矿作用 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：8
盆-山耦合关系是当今地学研究的前沿课题。但是,在几何学上,成对盆山耦合论述较多。而华北东部裂陷盆地则西与太行造山带、北与燕山造山带、东与胶辽山地、南与大别造山带均构成盆-山耦合,即中心裂陷盆地与外围各造山带均为耦合关系。研究表明:中心裂陷与华北地幔亚热柱的形成密切相关,由于地幔亚热柱强烈上隆,在岩石圈底部受阻,使华北东部岩石圈发生热减薄-断陷的同时,向外拆离的地幔岩在盆地外围形成一系列次级隆起(太行、燕山、胶辽、大别造山带),即地幔热柱多级演化的第三级单元———幔枝构造。各幔枝构造(造山带)间具有明显的可比性,并共同与中心裂陷盆地构成盆-山耦合关系。与此同时,随地幔热柱-亚热柱-幔枝构造向上迁移的成矿元素,亦以气态-气液混合态-含矿流体的形式向上迁移,并最终在幔枝构造的有利聚集部位成矿,形成张宣、冀东、辽东、胶东、鲁西、小秦岭、阜平等幔枝构造成矿集中区。 相似文献
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河淮地幔亚热柱的演化及其对华北地区成矿的控制作用 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
本文依据华北地台东部的地球物理测深资料、火山－岩浆活动、沉积建造特征及构造演化历史，提出河滩地区是中生代以来强烈隆升的地幔亚热柱。亚热柱的强烈上升使岩石圈下部发生热减薄，上地壳发生裂陷，新生界堆积厚达５－９ｋｍ。岩石圈热减薄仅至６０－８０ｋｍ。金、银等成矿元素除部分来自赋矿围岩之外，其主要部分来自地核，并以气态随地幔热柱向上运移，当其进入亚热柱阶段时，部分转变为液态．呈气－液混合相随亚热柱运移，当伞状外展亚热柱被造山带陡倾韧性剪切带切割时，气－液相全、银随深熔岩浆或沿韧性剪切带向上迁移，并在幔枝（变质核杂岩）构造的有利扩容带富集成矿。 相似文献
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文章简要介绍了幔枝构造成矿理论，探讨了幔枝构造的特征、单元划分、断裂构造体系以及成矿控矿作用。在燕山运动晚期，华北东部地区进入了以伸展构造为主的地幔热柱演化阶段，在胶西北地区形成了莱阳地幔亚热柱及其外围郭家店、栖蓬、牟乳等幔枝构造。其中，郭家店幔枝构造于燕山运动晚期发生强烈的构造活动，总体形成了以焦家断裂为主的拆离带和与其相交的以三山岛断裂为反向铲状断裂的构造体系，同时控制着玲珑、焦家、三山岛等一系列大型—超大型矿床的形成。在众多成矿控矿因素中，区域性断裂构造是重要的主导性因素，既为成矿流体的运移提供了通道，又为成矿储矿提供了有利空间。深源含矿流体可通过地幔热柱→地幔亚热柱→幔枝构造→有利构造扩容带，即脆韧性-韧脆性剪切带、侵入岩体的内外接触带、密集的构造裂隙带、各种脉岩与围岩的接触带等有利构造部位集聚成矿。近年来在胶西北深部勘查发现，浅部沿断裂展布的若干个大—中型金矿在其深部的成矿蚀变构造带可能是连为一体的，一起组合成为超大型金矿。 相似文献
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侏罗纪以来,太平洋板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞,促成了中国东部以NNE-NE向断裂为主体的断裂构造格局。从地震面波层析成像反演资料及东北和华北地质剖面得知,该地区应属东亚巨型宽裂谷体系的东部地区,系亚幔柱活动所致。全区P波速度、岩石圈不连续和减薄转型、软流圈物质呈蘑菇云状上升以及大火成岩省等特征证明中国东部中、新生代为亚幔柱构造控制成矿成藏,从而证实板块构造与幔柱构造相辅相成的关系。幔柱构造可划分3级,金属矿床常受幔枝构造的控制,多成群成带分布。由于成矿物质来自深部地核或软流圈,金属元素呈垂直分带的规律成为"攻深找盲"的理论依据;而油气田深部常受深部热源影响,若有海相烃源层分布,是寻找"无机"和海相油气田的主攻目标。 相似文献
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试论幔柱构造与成矿系统——以三江特提斯成矿域为例 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：26
以三江特提斯成矿域为例,简述了幔柱构造特征,提出了“幔柱构造成矿体系”新观点。研究表明,热幔柱发育演化,导致大陆岩石圈向大洋岩石圈构造体制转化,伴随大陆活化、减薄、去根、张裂、解体和成洋诸事件;冷幔柱形成演变,导致大洋岩石圈向大陆岩石圈构造体制转变,并引发俯冲造山→碰撞造山→陆内造山过程。在幔柱构造制约下,一系列形成于不同构造背景、产出不同地质环境、具有不同成矿体制、不同序次组合和不同成矿类型的矿床成矿系列组合和矿床成矿谱系,共同构成统一的成矿体系。热幔柱成矿体系包括热幔柱热点和热幔柱－扩张脊２大次级成矿系统,冷幔柱成矿体系包括冷幔柱－俯冲造山、冷幔柱－碰撞造山和冷幔柱－陆内造山３大次级成矿系统。最后,按成矿体系,成矿系列和矿床三级体制对三江特提斯成矿域主要矿床形成条件和成矿规律进行了全新分析。 相似文献
7.
地幔热柱成矿作用研究进展 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
地幔热柱构造是地球内部热传导的基本形式，只是地球的不同演化阶段其表现形式和强度有所不同。研究表明，燕山期强烈的地幔热柱活动沟通了深部成矿物质来源，金、银等元素随地幔热柱多级演化以气态→气—液混合相向上运移，在地幔热柱演化的三级单元——幔枝构造的有利部位聚集成矿。并据幔枝构造的成矿模式提出了华北地区燕山、秦岭、太行、胶辽等主要成矿集中区都是河淮地幔亚热柱控制下的幔枝成矿系列。成矿作用均伴随有强烈的构造—岩浆活动，成矿时代多集中在２６０～１２０Ｍａ。金、银多金属矿床具明显的相似性、同源性和深源性 相似文献
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华北东部裂陷盆地西与太行造山带、北与燕山造山带、东与胶辽山地、南与大别造山带均构成盆—山耦合，即中心裂陷盆地与外围各造山带均为耦合关系。研究表明：中心裂陷与华北地幔亚热柱的形成密切相关，由于地幔亚热柱强烈上隆，在岩石圈底部受阻。使华北东部岩石圈发生热减薄—断陷。同时，向外拆离的地幔岩在盆地外围形成一系列次级隆起（太行、燕山、胶辽、大别造山带），即地幔热柱多级演化的第三级单元—幔枝构造。各幔枝构造（造山带）间具有明显的可比性，并共同与中心裂陷盆地构成盆—山耦合关系。 相似文献
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初论幔柱构造成矿体系 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
从板块构造与板块边界矿床、超大陆旋回与大陆边界矿床、地幔热点与大陆内部矿床的角度 ,阐述了幔柱构造成矿体系的基本思想、分类、成矿特征及旋回性 ,提出了热幔柱和冷幔柱两个成矿体系和地幔热柱 -热点、地幔热柱 -大陆裂谷、地幔热柱 -大洋扩张、冷幔柱 -前寒武纪硅铝壳造山、冷幔柱 -显生宙硅铝壳 /洋壳造山等五个成矿系统 ,并初步划分了矿床成矿系列 ,例举了某些典型矿床。 相似文献
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太行山北段金矿成矿规律研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究表明,位于阜平幔枝构造北东倾伏端的紫荆关－大河南地区是有利的成矿产中位,成矿物质主要来自深源,通过地幔热柱－地幔亚热住－幔枝构造多级演化向上运移,并沿途萃取围岩中部分矿质,在幔枝核部裂隙带,外围主拆离滑脱带及共上盘盖层裂隙带有利构造扩容带聚集成矿。据此,总结了金矿的时,空分布规律,归纳了不同层次的成矿模式,指出了新的找矿靶区。 相似文献
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SUN Aiqun NIU Shuyin SHAO Ji''an HOU Quanlin ZHANG Jianzhen Shijiazhuang College of Economics Shijiazhuang Hebei School of Earth Space Sciences Peking University Beijing Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):283-290
The basin-and-range area in eastern North China is known for frequent occurrence of earthquakes, their great magnitudes and heavy losses thereby incurred. Seismic studies in the past usually emphasized the intersections, inflexions and branches of the faults. However, the intensities of many great earthquakes in this area do not show linear distribution, and the epicenters are horizontally dispersed at certain depths instead of along the strike of faults. Based on the sub-mantle plume studies made by authors in the past decade, it is thought that there exists an uplifted sub-mantle plume under the fault depression area in North China. The uplifting and intrusion of mantle materials caused the upper crust to be faulted, while low-velocity and high-velocity layers are alternatively distributed in the middle crust under the influence of the mantle and the lower crust. The middle and lower crust materials were detached from the top of the sub-mantle plume to the surroundings while the sub-mantle plume materi 相似文献
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HE Chuansong 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):629-636
Western Yunnan is located within a gigantic Tethys orogenic zone between Gondwana and Laurasia. Magmatic activity records of the associated Wilson orogenic cycle show that the causes of plate spreading in the region might have been related to sub-mantle plume. Tectonics, geophysics, sedimentary strata, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere and other research results indicate that there is geological evidence for mantle plume magmatic activities in West Yunnan. Tomography also supports the idea that there is a subducting slab near the Red River fault and an upwelling mantle plume in West Yunnan. Here our research presents seismic evidence for upwelling mantle plume, which is a main cause leading to subducting slab in West Yunnan. The analysis is based on compressional-to-shear (P-to-S) converted seismic phases, recorded on seismograph stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan seismic network, and made a study on 410-km and 660-km discontinuities, as well as on three sections of CCP stacking. 相似文献
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华南地幔柱构造与成矿 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
文章应用地幔柱构造理论,对华南多金属成矿省铀、钨等矿种的成矿作用与地幔柱构造的内在联系进行了分析与探讨,提出华南的核心地段存在以桂东幔凹大型构造网结-浆源活动中心的同位套环（内环Ⅰ、中环Ⅱ、外环Ⅲ）的亚地幔柱构造。初步厘定准幔柱（热点）构造20余处,总体上它们控制了华南核心地带的钨、铀等金属矿种的空间展布。指出应以华南亚幔柱内环为重点,兼顾中环和外环准幔枝（热点）构造成矿有利地段进行深部探索的择靶方向。 相似文献
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中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动与长英质大火成岩省问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者认为,中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动很难用太平洋板块的俯冲来解释,中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动可能相当于几个不同时期发育的长英质大火成岩省,与中生代东亚超级地幔柱的活动有关.世界上存在两类大火成岩省,一类以镁铁质岩为主(M-LIP);另一类以长英质岩为主(F-LIP).中国也存在上述两类大火成岩省,二叠纪的峨眉山玄武岩属于前者,中国东部中生代大规模的岩浆活动属于后者.二者可能均与地幔柱的活动有关,不同在于镁铁质大火成岩省的地幔柱上升停滞在岩石圈底部,在那里发生部分熔融形成大规模玄武岩喷发;而与长英质大火成岩省有关的地幔柱可抵达下地壳底部直接烘烤和加热下地壳,形成长英质成分的岩浆岩.学术界通常认为中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动与太平洋板块向西俯冲导致的软流圈地幔上升有关,本文却认为它可能与来自下地幔的地幔柱有关.大火成岩省矿产丰富,与镁铁质大火成岩省有关的矿产有铜、镍、铬、铂、钯等,与长英质大火成岩省有关的矿产有金、铜、钨、锡、钼、铋、锑、铀等. 相似文献
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Analysis of the ore-controlling role of Guojiadian mantle branch structure, Northwest Shandong Peninsula, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shuyin Niu Aiqun Sun Jianzhen Zhang Baojun Ma Baode Wang Chao Chen Fuxiang Zhang Cheng Liu Xiaofei Zhang 《中国地球化学学报》2012,31(4):414-423
Metallogenesis in the gold ore-concentrated zone of Northwest Shandong Peninsula is closely related to deep processes.The region in the eastern part of North China entered into the stage of mantle plume evolution during the Yanshanian movement,following the long-time stage of stable platform evolution during Paleozoic time.At that time,the ore-concentrated zone of Northwest Shandong Peninsula just entered into the development-evolution stage of the Laiyang sub-mantle plume and the Guojiadian mantle branch structure in its periphery.The core-mantle-source gold was present in the gas-liquid form,and it migrated through mantle plume→sub-mantle plume→mantle branch structure→favorable tectonic expansion zone to the favorable loci of the mantle branch structure,where gold was deposited as ores,thereafter constituting a series of large-to medium-sized gold deposits distributed around the Guojiadian mantle branch structure.This study also dealt with the Jiaojia fault as the main detachment(fault altered rock) belt on the northwestern margin of the mantle branch structure and also presented a basic cognition about the fact that the Sanshandao fault as the listric fault on the hanging wall of the detachment belt.Furthermore,on this basis,this study also pointed out the orientation for further ore prospecting in this region. 相似文献
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Non‐uniform splitting of a single mantle plume by double cratonic roots: Insight into the origin of the central and southern East African Rift System 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using numerical thermo‐mechanical experiments we analyse the role of an active mantle plume and pre‐existing lithospheric thickness differences in the structural development of the central and southern East African Rift system. The plume‐lithosphere interaction model setup captures the essential features of the studied area: two cratonic bodies embedded into surrounding lithosphere of normal thickness. The results of the numerical experiments suggest that localization of rift branches in the crust is mainly defined by the initial position of the mantle plume relative to the cratons. We demonstrate that development of the Eastern branch, the Western branch and the Malawi rift can be the result of non‐uniform splitting of the Kenyan plume, which has been rising underneath the southern part of the Tanzanian craton. Major features associated with Cenozoic rifting can thus be reproduced in a relatively simple model of the interaction between a single mantle plume and pre‐stressed continental lithosphere with double cratonic roots. 相似文献
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燕山运动以来,华北东部地区发生了翻天覆地之构造转变,构造体制从印支期末华北地块与扬子地块的拼贴-增生,转变为地幔热柱演化-区域伸展断陷。华北地幔热柱强烈上隆过程中,在岩石圈底部受阻并呈蘑菇状向外拆离流变,在使上部岩石圈发生热减薄-断陷的同时,向外拆离流变的地幔岩在盆地外围受到韧性剪切带的切割,导致深熔岩浆活动并带动围岩上隆,形成一系列次级隆起(幔枝构造)。地形地貌上亦从东部隆起的高原转变为一盆多山耦合格局——地幔热柱上部的热减薄断(拗)陷与外围的一系列幔枝构造的空间有机组合,即华北东部裂陷盆地西与太行造山带、北与燕山造山带、东与朝鲜半岛、南与大别造山带(即中心裂陷盆地与外围各幔枝构造)均为盆-山耦合关系。 相似文献
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中国北方大陆下的地幔热柱与岩石圈运动 总被引：36，自引：1，他引：35
本文首次提出中国北方大陆下存在一个地幔热柱的论证,并提出亚热柱(sub—plume)的新概念。热柱的中心与边缘部分的隙间熔浆分别为苦橄质玄武岩与碱性玄武岩。在渐新世到中新世约18.4 Ma内,北方大陆以3.26cm/a的速率向东南飘移了约600km,使日本海、渤海—华北平原等脱离热柱。导致晚第三纪日本海扩张的停止,渤海—华北平原等早第三纪火山喷发的突然中止。火山喷发期间,在热柱头部若干个亚热柱的形成,好似若干个“铆钉”穿入岩石圈,有效地阻止了岩石圈的飘移(这时的飘移速率只有0.05cm/a),我们把火山喷发称为固定岩石圈的“铆钉效应”。 相似文献
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Evgene Burov L. Guillou-Frottier E. d'Acremont L. Le Pourhiet S. Cloetingh 《Tectonophysics》2007,434(1-4):15-38
Plume–lithosphere interactions (PLI) have important consequences both for tectonic and mineralogical evolution of the lithosphere: for example, Archean metallogenic crises at the boundaries of the West African and Australian cratons coincide with postulated plume events. In continents, PLI are often located near boundaries between younger plates (e.g., orogenic) and older stable plates (e.g., cratons), which represent important geometrical, thermal and rheological barriers that interact with the emplacement of the plume head (e.g., Archean West Africa, East Africa, Pannonian–Carpathian system). The observable PLI signatures are conditioned by plume dynamics but also by lithosphere rheology and structure. We address the latter problem by considering a free-surface numerical model of PLI with two stratified elasto-viscous–plastic (EVP) lithospheric plates, one of which is older and thicker than another. The results show that: (1) plume head flattening is asymmetric, it is blocked from one side by the cold vertical boundary of the older plate, which leads to the mechanical decoupling of the crust from the mantle lithosphere, and to localized faulting at the cratonic margin; (2) the return flow from the plume head results in sub-vertical down-thrusting (delamination) of the lithosphere at the margin, producing sharp vertical cold boundary down to the 400 km depth; (3) plume head flattening and migration towards the younger plate results in concurrent surface extension above the centre of the plume and in compression (pushing), down-thrusting and magmatic events at the cratonic margin (down-thrusting is also produced at the opposite border of the younger plate); these processes may result in continental growth at the “craton side”; (4) topographic signatures of PLI show basin-scale uplifts and subsidences preferentially located at cratonic margins. Negative Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in the lithosphere above the plume head provide a mechanism for crustal delamination. Inferred consequences of PLI near intra-continental plate boundaries, such as faulting at cratonic edges and enhanced magmatic activity, could explain plume-related metallogenic crises, as suggested for West Africa and Australia. 相似文献