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1.
近年来地质证据和少量的实验研究证实, 相当量的铜可以在气相中迁移, 人们认识到铜在气相中迁移是一种重要的地球化学过程, 但目前关于铜在气相中溶解反应机理的研究还相当缺乏.本文通过溶解度法, 在310~350℃, 压力为4.2~10MPa的条件范围内, 实验研究了铜在不饱和水蒸气相中的溶解度.结果表明: 水蒸气的存在大大增强了铜在气相中的溶解度; 恒定温度下, 铜在气相中的溶解度随着水蒸气压的增加而增大; 气相中铜可能以水合物的形式存在, 铜在气相中的溶解可由以下反应表述: CuClmsolid+nH2O gas=CuClm·(H2O)ngas(m=1, 2), 其中水合数随着温度升高而下降, 温度为310℃水合数n为~6, 330℃为~5, 350℃为~4.研究结果明确显示, 气体溶剂H2O与铜之间的反应可大大增强铜在气相中的溶解和迁移能力.   相似文献   

2.
硼作为一种常用的地球化学指示剂和示踪剂,对研究俯冲带岩石学过程、岩浆-热液分异作用、火山活动以及稀有元素、铜、金的成矿机制具有重要意义。硼具有高水溶性和挥发性,它在气体中的分配、迁移能力和存在形式有助于理解含硼矿物的形成条件、流体化学组成的演化趋势、硼同位素的分馏效应和成矿金属的富集机理。本文在200-350℃、0.19-3.43 MPa条件下实验研究了B2O3-H2O体系中硼在共存水蒸气和富硼熔体(液体)之间的分配,平衡时气相中的B2O3含量为1.06%-32.35%。200℃、250℃、300℃和350℃时硼在气体-熔体之间的表观分配系数分别为0.035、0.042、0.20和0.33,即随温度上升,硼在含水气相中的分配和迁移能力增强。含水的富 B 熔体与硼酸稀溶液体系的气体-液体分配系数变化不大,表明B2O3-H2O±NaCl 体系中硼的气-液分配能力受液体或熔体中硼含量的影响较小,而主要与温度有关。经热力学分析,350℃、0.19-1.74 MPa条件下水蒸气中的气态硼物种可能为H3BO3和HBO2,可以预计随水蒸气压力的升高, H2O的配位数将会增大, H3BO3或其他可能的气态物种H3BO3·H2O会变得更为重要。某些火山活动区可见天然硼酸结壳(升华壳)的形成,灼热和干燥的火山岩石表面有利于硼酸从气相中凝析和沉淀。本实验结果表明,某些富硼酸的火山喷气孔气体的形成可能与地下高温火山岩浆(岩体)中存在因液态不混溶作用或晚期出溶作用产生的含水富硼的残余熔体或流体有关,熔体的去气作用或流体的减压相分离导致含水气相的产生,硼则随之大量分配至含水气体中并喷出地表。  相似文献   

3.
张生  陈根文 《地质科学》2015,(3):898-910
低密度的水热蒸气和超临界似气流体广泛存在于中地壳至地球表面的各种地质环境中, 是成矿金属搬运和富集的重要介质。火山喷气凝结水、火山结壳和升华物、矿床的流体包裹体气相中均存在具有地质意义的W含量或含钨矿物, 表明W同样可在含水气相中溶解和迁移。本文在350 ℃~400 ℃和压力为60~200 bar的实验条件下, 测定了WO3-H2O体系中W在水蒸气和似气流体中的溶解度, 考察了水蒸气压力对W溶解度的影响。结果显示, W在水蒸气中的逸度(或含量)远高于依据无水体系中固体WO3挥发性数据计算的蒸气压力, 证明气态溶质W与溶剂水蒸气之间存在促进W溶解的水合作用。经热力学方法分析, 认为可能形成了WO3·nH2O(g)形式的水合气体物种, 其水合数n在350 ℃、370 ℃和400 ℃时分别为1.4、1.6和2.9。因此WO3·3H2O(g)或H2WO4·2H2O(g)及H6WO6(g)在温压较高的岩浆-热液或气成-热液成矿环境中(如斑岩系统)对W的气态迁移和浓集可能具有重要作用, 而在温压较低的水热蒸气条件下, W的迁移形式可能以水合数较小的WO3·H2O(g)(或H2WO4)和WO3·2H2O(g)(或H2WO4·H2O)物种为主, 其含量或比例随水蒸气的压力而改变。某些斑岩型和脉型钨(钼)矿床常存在富气体包裹体, 伴随酸性岩浆结晶出溶的以低盐度含水蒸气占优势的岩浆流体对斑岩系统中W、Mo在高温阶段的气态迁移和矿质在花岗岩体顶部和上覆岩层的聚集具有重要意义, 之后蒸气冷凝可产生高盐度的含矿卤水或与渗流地下水混合形成低-中等盐度的成矿流体, 流体的减压沸腾(相分离)和对围岩的交代蚀变导致W、Mo等金属在不同阶段和构造-岩性部位沉淀富集。  相似文献   

4.
以合成花岗岩、水、不同浓度的盐酸溶液、氢氟酸溶液作为反应初始物,在850℃,100 MPa,接近于NNO的条件下开展了金在不同花岗质熔体中溶解度的实验研究,实验固液相产物中的金含量使用石墨炉原子吸收法测定。实验结果显示,金在花岗质熔体中的溶解度变化范围为1.87~156.62μg/g,流体相中金的溶解度为0.31~6.92μg/g;金在熔体相中的溶解度较其在共存液相中的高。花岗质熔体相中金的溶解度明显受熔体化学组成的影响,过碱性富钠花岗质熔体中金的溶解度明显高些;金在花岗质熔体中的溶解度随着熔体中Na2O/K2O摩尔比增大而增大;在氟氯共存岩浆体系中,氟含量变化对金在熔体相中的溶解度影响不明显,而液相中氯含量增大有利于提高金在流体相中的含量。  相似文献   

5.
The solubility of copper chloride in liquid-undersaturated HCl-bearing water vapor was investigated experimentally at temperatures of 280 to 320°C and pressures up to 103 bars. Results of these experiments show that the solubility of copper in the vapor phase is significant and increases with increasing fH2O, but is retrograde with respect to temperature. This solubility is attributed to the formation of hydrated copper-chloride gas species, interpreted to have a copper-chlorine ratio of 1:1 (e.g., CuCl, Cu3Cl3, etc.) and a hydration number varying from 7.6 at 320°C, to 6.0 at 300°C, and 6.1 at 280°C. Complex formation is proposed to have occurred through the reaction:
A1  相似文献   

6.
对不同温度(90~200 ℃)和压力(20~120 MPa)条件下的富甲烷天然气在碳酸氢钠溶液中的溶解度值进行了实验测定,阐述了甲烷溶解度随温度、压力及矿化度的变化特征。综合前人的实验结果,将天然气的溶解度与温度的关系划分为3个阶段: ①缓慢递减阶段(0~80 ℃);②快速递增阶段(>80~150 ℃);③缓慢递增阶段(>150 ℃)。在温压的共同作用下,溶解度随埋藏深度的增加,也具有不同的阶段变化特征;且当地层水温度、压力足够高时,甲烷的溶解能力趋近于某一极限值。利用甲烷溶解度回归方程有助于对不同地区水溶气析离脱气界限的估算。我国主要存在包括侧向阶段脱气、断裂-底辟脱气、盖层渗滤脱气和构造抬升脱气4种与构造和渗滤作用有关的水溶气析离成藏模式。  相似文献   

7.
采用SYS-1型碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率测定仪,选取四川东北地区5种碳酸盐岩样进行溶蚀实验,研究了三种主要TSR流体产物对碳酸盐岩的改造作用。H2S的溶蚀能力相对较强,在120℃温度下对微晶灰岩的溶蚀率可达17.09%;CO2的溶蚀能力次之;水的溶蚀作用可以忽略不计。H2S和CO2这两种酸性溶液的溶蚀能力从常温到200℃呈较强—强—弱的变化趋势,其中CO2的最大溶蚀率所处温度范围为60~90℃,H2S的最大溶蚀率所处温度范围为60~150℃。TSR产物中的酸性气体可以对储层进行改造,但不一定能够改良储层,而TSR过程中石膏向方解石的转变可以使储层孔隙度增加,从而改良储层物性。  相似文献   

8.
山东招平断裂带大磨曲家金矿床流体包裹体初步研究   总被引:5,自引:8,他引:5  
The Damoqujia gold deposit,discovered recently and located in the north of Zhaoping fault zone,is a large altered rock type deposit.In this paper,we report the preliminary research results of the fluid inclusions and discuss its metallogenic implications. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions fall into four ranges:310~350℃,230~270℃,160~200℃and 110~150℃; corresponding to the four stages of hydrothermal ore-forming processes:coarse grain pyrite-milk white quartz stage(Ⅰ),smoky gray Au-bearing quartz-fine grain pyrite stage(Ⅱ),Au-bearing polymetallic sulfide-quartz stage(Ⅲ),and quartz-carbonate stage(Ⅳ). Ore-forming fluid is with low salinity and low density,ranging from 1.4 Wt_(NaCl)% to 13.6 Wt_(NaCl)% and from 0.48g/cm~3 to 1.03g/cm~3 respectively.The inclusions are dominated by H_2O and CO_2 in gaseous compositions,and Na~ and K~ in positive ions,SO_4~(2-)and Cl~- in negative ions of liquid compositions.Au-S complex is the major form for transportation of gold.The pressure varied from 260MPa to 340MPa during the formation of CO_2-bearing inclusions at the early mineralization;the fluids are rich in SO_4~(2-)and Na~ .The pressure is 26-49×10~5 Pa during the formation of the aqueous salt inclusions in late mineralization,the inclusions are rich in CI~-(F~-), Na~ .δ~(18)O_(qurrtz)is 10.64~12.68%o,and the correspondingδ~(18)O_(H_2)O andδD is-5.44~6.47‰and-95.52~-106.48‰respectively.Based on the studies about compositions and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of inclusions,it is evidenced that ore-forming fluid is magmatic hydrothermal fluid in early period,but affected by meteoric water in late.  相似文献   

9.
暖湿气候对赛里木湖的影响   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
赛里木湖集水面积1408km2,湖面面积457km2,最大水深86m,总蓄水量210×108m3,是新疆最大的高山湖泊,湖面海拔2073m,四周高山环绕.20世纪80年代以后,赛里木湖及邻近地区,气温逐渐升高,降水增多,气候趋向暖湿.20世纪80年代气温比前20a平均升高0.4~0.6℃,90年代气温比80年代升高0.3~0.4℃,比前20a平均升高0.7~1.0℃,比前30a平均升高0.6~0.8℃.20世纪90年代,切德克水文站降水量比多年平均多5.4%;匹里青水文站降水量比多年平均多7.0%;温泉气象站增加最多,比多年平均增加20.3%.赛里木湖相邻地区降水径流增多,赛里木湖区的降水径流增大,导致湖水位上升.  相似文献   

10.
为确定农坪金铜矿床的成矿流体特征及矿床形成机制,采集细脉浸染状金铜矿石中的石英--硫化物细脉,对石英颗粒中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明:脉石英中主要发育Ⅰ型气液两相、Ⅱ型含CO2三相、Ⅲ型含子矿物多相、Ⅳ型纯气相和Ⅴ型纯液相等5种类型的原生流体包裹体。不同类型包裹体的均一温度变化范围为237.8℃~399.4℃,主要集中于310℃~370℃,盐度w(NaCl)变化范围于1.39%~12.3%和33.32%~42.03%两个区间。代表性包裹体的激光拉曼光谱分析结果显示,成矿流体主要气相成分为H2O、CO2,并含有少量的CH4。综合研究后认为,农坪矿床成矿流体曾发生过沸腾作用,以至流体中的H2O、CO2等挥发组分大量逸出,引起金、铜等有用组分的沉淀富集。农坪金铜矿床与小西南岔金铜矿床在成矿条件及矿化特征等方面具有相似性,二者同为斑岩型金铜矿床,均属燕山晚期构造岩浆作用的产物。  相似文献   

11.
温度及CO2对方解石、白云石溶解度影响特征分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
借助水文地球化学模拟软件--PHREEQC对不同Pco2(0~100bar)和不同温度条件下(0~100℃)方解石、白云石在纯水中的溶解度进行模拟和分析.结果表明,Pco2和温度对方解石和白云石溶解度的影响均很大:无Pco2时其溶解度随着温度的升高而逐渐增大,这是因为对于方解石、白云石晶格破坏及溶解高温能提供的能量较大所致;当Pco2较大时(Pco2≥10-3.5bar)其溶解度随温度的升高而降低,原因主要是CO2在高温下形成碳酸的能力较差;当Pco2很小(0   相似文献   

12.
青海省铜峪沟铜矿床位于东昆仑东西向构造岩浆带与鄂拉山北西向构造岩浆带的复合部位。依据矿物共生组合、交代与穿插关系可将铜峪沟铜矿成矿过程分为3个阶段:矽卡岩阶段、石英—多金属硫化物阶段及石英—方解石阶段。对不同阶段包裹体进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体成分分析。研究结果表明,流体包裹体主要为液相包裹体(L型)、气相包裹体(G型)及含子矿物包裹体(S型)。其中矽卡岩阶段以含子矿物包裹体(均一温度为322℃~600℃,盐度为32.92%~73.97%Na Cleqv)和液相包裹体(均一温度为231℃~600℃,盐度为10.74%~21.68%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—多金属硫化物阶段以液相包裹体(均一温度为176℃~381℃,盐度为2.74%~21.96%Na Cleqv)和气相包裹体(均一温度为127℃~419℃,盐度为4.49%~8.81%Na Cleqv)为主。石英—方解石阶段仅发育液相包裹体(均一温度为143℃~201℃,盐度为5.25%~9.21%Na Cleqv)。计算得到流体压力、密度变化范围分别为0.37~132.2 MPa、0.53~1.17 g/cm3。成矿流体具有从高温高盐度向低温低盐度的演化特征。矽卡岩阶段发生了流体的混合作用,石英—多金属硫化物阶段发生了流体的减压沸腾作用导致了大量金属硫化物沉淀,成矿晚阶段流体可能来源于大气降水。分析认为,铜峪沟铜矿为岩浆热液层矽卡岩矿床。  相似文献   

13.
The solubility of nantokite (CuCl(s)) and the structure of the predominant copper species in supercritical water (290-400 bar at 420 °C; 350-450 °C at 290 bar; 500 °C at 350 bar; density = 0.14-0.65 g/cm3) were investigated concurrently using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. These conditions were chosen as they represent single phase solutions near the critical isochore, where the fluid density is intermediate of typical values for vapour and brine and is highly sensitive to even small changes in pressure. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) analyses show that aqueous copper occurs in a slightly distorted linear coordination in the solutions studied, with an average of 1.35(±0.3) Cl and 0.65(±0.3) O neighbours. The solubility of CuCl(s) decreases exponentially with decreasing water density (i.e., decreasing pressure at constant temperature), in a manner similar to the solubility behaviour of salts such as NaCl in water vapour. Based on this similarity, an apparent equilibrium constant for the dissolution reaction of 0.5 ± 0.4 was calculated from a regression of the data at 420 °C, and it was determined that each Cu atom is solvated by approximately three water molecules. This indicates that under these conditions, copper solubility is controlled mainly by the structure of the second-shell hydration, which is essentially invisible to the XAS techniques used in this study.These results demonstrate that for a supercritical fluid near the critical isochore, decreasing pressure may initiate precipitation of copper even before boiling or phase separation. Such a process could be responsible for near-surface ore deposition in seafloor hydrothermal systems, where supercritical fluids experience rapid pressure changes during the transition between lithostatic and hydrostatic domains.  相似文献   

14.
The solubility of water in acid, basic and ultrabasic magmas, from experimental data at pressures up to 10 kb, increases with increasing . At pressures which apparently correspond to those of the upper mantle, maximum of solubility should be expected. Further increase of pressure decreases the concentration of water in the melt. At pressures up to 5 kb, the solubility of carbon dioxide in magmas of the same composition is considerably less than that of water. The solubility of CO2 rises with increasing pressure at temperatures above 1000° C. The separation of a fluid phase from magmas during their movement to the earth's surface must be characterised by diminution of part of the CO2 in the vapor along with decreasing pressure. The solubility of CO2 at pressures of more than 10–20 kb is expected to be significant and possibly to approach that of the solubility of water. In the field of the low pressures the influence of CO2 on the temperature of melting of silicates is significantly less than that of water. Increase of CO2 concentration in the fluid phase with depth determines the rise of temperature minimum on the curve of rock melting. This may be connected with the appearance of processes of local melting. Approximately within the ranges of the Earth crust water separation from magmas of basic and acid composition must be attended by heat absorption and the processes of water dissolution from the environment by heat liberation.Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology.  相似文献   

15.
柿竹园钨多金属矿床形成机制的物理化学分析   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
通过对柿竹园钨多金属矿床流体包裹体的研究发现 ,矿物流体包裹体的均一温度主要集中在2 0 0~ 330℃ ,而矿区大规模的成矿作用主要发生在 2 5 0~ 35 0℃ ,成矿流体的压力大约在 38~ 6 8MPa。依据 34MPa、w(NaCl) =4 .0 %溶液中WO3 的溶解度数据计算了化学反应WO3 (s) +NaCl +H2 O =NaH WO4+HCl在 2 5 0 ,30 0 ,35 0和 4 0 0℃的lgK分别为 - 4 .0 6、- 4 .0 5、- 3.83和 - 3.4 9,此条件下NaH WO4(aq) 的表观吉布斯自由能分别为 - 12 81.2 ,- 12 91.3,- 130 4 .1和 - 1319.7kJ/mol。由此热力学数据计算了白钨矿在该体系中的溶解度 ,结果发现白钨矿的溶解度较相同条件下WO3 的溶解度低 2个数量级以上。柿竹园超大型钨多金属矿床的形成具备有持续的“热源”、充沛的“水源”和丰富的“矿源” ,而且成矿流体对成矿物质具有超强的萃取和搬运能力。千里山花岗岩体的多次夕卡岩化和云英岩化围岩蚀变是成矿流体中钨产生有效富集的重要机制。  相似文献   

16.
CH4-H2O体系流体包裹体均一过程激光拉曼光谱定量分析   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
对南黄海盆地二叠纪地层中某石英脉中的CH4-H2O体系流体包裹体均一过程进行了激光拉曼光谱定量分析。利用甲烷与水的拉曼峰面积比值计算不同温度下流体包裹体中水溶液相中甲烷的浓度,除了在100℃附近出现最小值,随温度增加甲烷浓度呈指数增大。包裹体在214℃完全均一,均一时甲烷的浓度为0·1347mol/L。同时利用甲烷的拉曼特征对流体包裹体均一过程的内压变化作了分析。压力变化可以分为三个区间:19~100℃,随温度升高压力增大;100~150℃压力随温度升高减小;150℃之后压力迅速增大。均一温度下的内压为21·92MPa。流体包裹体内压的变化主要是由甲烷溶解行为和封闭体系的热力学特征决定的。实验表明激光拉曼光技术可以作为定量分析含甲烷流体包裹体的一种有效方法。  相似文献   

17.
以膨润土为基材,添加沸石、黄铁矿制备高压实集成回填材料,采用渗析法和汽相法分别测得其在不同温度及自由、侧限条件下的土水特征曲线( SWCC),并采用SWCC模型对实验数据进行拟合.结果表明:低吸力范围内,施加相同的初始吸力,最终测得50℃试样含水率>20℃对应含水率,原因是温度影响渗析法所测吸力值及试样饱和后的微观结构;高吸力范围内,同一吸力值80℃对应的含水率最小,土水特征曲线斜率随温度升高而增大.应力状态对土水特征曲线的影响,在低吸力范围内显著,而高吸力范围内则影响不大.这与材料的微观结构有关.Van Genuehten模型对实测数据的拟合效果最佳.  相似文献   

18.
海沟金矿流体包裹体为3种类型:富CO2三相、气液两相和纯气相。流体盐度集中在7.44%~8.67%NaCleqv,8.54%~8.94%NaCleqv和9.84%~10.87%NaCleqv三个区间;流体密度为0.54~0.88 g/cm3;成矿温度主要集中在298.4℃~313.5℃和258.2℃~264.6℃。研究表明成矿早期阶段流体为低盐度、富CO2的高温流体,且富CO2型和富气相包裹体共存。成矿中晚期阶段流体盐度和温度明显降低,CO2、H2O等气体能够大量逃逸,流体体系由封闭状态转化为较开放状态,大气降水、层间水等大量进入与岩浆流体发生混合,并引起流体内金络合物的溶解度减小而直接导致金和金属矿物的沉淀和富集。成矿压力范围为110~146 MPa,成矿深度为8.7~10.1 km。通过与典型的造山型金矿特征对比,该矿床成因类型为中成造山型金矿,动力学背景为早一中侏罗世华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞的持续汇聚力和古太平洋板块俯冲欧亚大陆的作用力引起的远程效应联合作用的结果。  相似文献   

19.
山东玲珑九曲金矿床位于金矿田的东部,属石英脉--蚀变岩型金矿床,矿化分为4 个阶段,黄铁矿--石英脉阶段,石英--黄铁矿阶段,多金属硫化物阶段和石英--碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,九曲金矿床主成矿阶段石英中发育气液两相和含CO2 三相包裹体,也可见少量的富气相包裹体。气液两相包裹体均一温度范围为133. 5 ℃ ~ 325. 7 ℃,峰值为290 ℃ ~ 310 ℃,盐度为2. 80% ~ 17. 82% NaCl; 含CO2 三相包裹体均一温度范围为236. 5 ℃ ~ 315 ℃,出现两个峰值,为230 ℃ ~ 240 ℃和310 ℃ ~ 320 ℃,盐度为0. 41% ~ 8. 92%NaCl; 富气相包裹体均一温度范围为222. 1 ℃ ~ 236. 4 ℃,峰值为230 ℃ ~ 240 ℃,盐度为7. 71% ~ 9. 98%NaCl。综合地质条件、矿床特征和包裹体显微测温结果认为: 九曲金矿床成矿流体为中温、中低盐度的NaCl --H2O --CO2 型体系,矿床属中温岩浆热液成因类型。  相似文献   

20.
The solubility of methane in formation water and water content in the coexisting gas phase were measured under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, using an ultra-high-pressure fluid PVT system, where the experimental temperature reached up to 453 K and pressure reached up to 130 MPa. Experimental results show the following (1) The two phases of gas and liquid still exhibit an obvious interphase interface even under high temperatures and pressures. (2) When temperatures exceed 353 K, the solubility of methane in formation water increases as the temperature and pressure rise. The growth rate of solubility is faster under a relatively low temperature and pressure, and slower at a relatively high temperature and pressure, but the solubility will not increase without limit. In this experiment, the solubility of methane in formation water reached its peak when the temperature was at 453 K and the pressure at 130 MPa. (3) Water content in the coexisting gas phase increases as temperature rises, with a smaller increase at relatively low temperatures and a much greater increase at relatively high temperatures but decreases with the increasing pressure, more rapidly under low pressure and more slowly under high pressure. The solubility of methane in formation water and the water content in the coexisting gas phase are controlled by both temperature and pressure, but using classic calculation models, these two parameters under high temperatures and pressures are inconsistent with our experimental data. Therefore, the study is significant and highlights other possible effects on solubility and condensate water content. Additionally, an example from the Yinggehai Basin in the South China Sea, where the temperature and the pressure are high, demonstrates the influence of solubility and phase behaviour on natural gas migration, its formation and the distribution of gas reservoirs.  相似文献   

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