共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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目前已被广泛应用的煤矿开采的关键层理论对煤矿岩层控制提供了重要理论依据,并合理解释了煤矿开采矿压显现现象。该理论认为煤矿开采引起的岩层破断、失稳后形成的铰接结构控制了覆岩的运移规律,但其忽略了层与层之间剪应力对覆岩破断运移规律的影响。基于岩层间存在剪应力这一假设,建立了覆岩组合梁力学模型,获得了非均质组合梁剪应力理论解;提出了考虑层间剪应力的关键层判断步骤,并修正了煤矿开采关键层破断距的计算公式;研究认为关键层控制的上覆岩层并不一定同时随其破断;基于双层岩层开采模型,分析提出了柔性控制层概念：即关键层破断后起到类似关键层作用而控制上覆一层或几层岩层变形的一类岩层;进一步提出了柔性控制层的判别方式,探讨了柔性控制层对关键层复合破断和矿压显现规律的影响,分析认为柔性控制层的存在一定程度上减弱了周期来压强度并产生二次伴随来压现象;结合工程案例,验证了该假设的合理性。 相似文献
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浅埋煤层覆岩切落裂缝破坏及控制方法分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
陕北神东矿区厚风积沙松散层、薄基岩条件下浅埋煤层开采引起的地表沉陷,呈非连续切落式裂缝破坏。大量研究表明,这种裂缝损害受覆岩中关键层的控制。因此,研究浅埋煤层关键层的破断规律和失稳条件是解决这种条件下采动损害控制的关键技术。以神东矿区大柳塔1203综采工作面为例,应用理论分析和数值模拟方法研究覆岩中关键结构层稳定条件与采动损害之间的关系,为神东矿区生态环境保护,确定合理、经济的保水控制开采方法提供理论依据。 相似文献
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以大同矿区同忻煤矿为例,利用关键层理论、物理探测技术和数值模拟,分析双系煤层开采形成的覆岩运动与破坏规律。研究结果表明：（1）石炭二叠系煤层工作面推进至193 m时,覆岩裂隙带发育高度达到最大为174.7 m;（2）物理探测得到3-5^#煤层开采引起的覆岩垮裂带高度约为180 m,综合理论计算与现场实测,确定覆岩裂隙带发育高度与采厚之比为11.7-12.0;（3）侏罗系煤层开采引起的底板破坏及双系间覆岩软弱夹层的缺失为双系煤层采空区联通进一步提供了条件;（4）侏罗系煤层的开采影响石炭二叠系煤层工作面超前支承压力的分布规律,当石炭系煤层工作面位于侏罗系煤层遗留煤柱下方时,超前支撑压力较无采空区时增大12.4%;（5）研究成果揭示了双系开采相互影响关系,为采取安全开采措施、减弱双系开采相互影响程度提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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在充分分析米脂—绥德岩盐田地质特征的基础上,对位于其中部的米脂姬家峁矿区O2m65亚段盐矿层赋存特征进行了研究,预测了矿区O2m65亚段岩盐资源储量,并对其开采条件进行了评价。 相似文献
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本文应用工程可靠度理论,推导出考虑指标变异性时开采覆岩破坏带高度的概率表达式,初步用实例验证了其可信性后,将其应用于金乡矿区北区覆岩破坏高度的预测。 相似文献
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工作面长度的增加是导致采场矿压强度增加的原因之一。通过相似模拟试验证明了覆岩能破断成梯形台形态,并指出了梯形台形成机制及梯形台的参数计算原理。利用梯形台分析了工作面长度对覆岩破断规律的影响,指出了梯形台与关键层理论的关系。基于薄板理论推导了岩层破断步距的计算公式,分析了工作面长度对梯形台空间结构演化及采场矿压显现特征的影响。结果表明：由于覆岩按梯形台破断,工作面长度较短时,加载层厚度较小,来压强度小。对比研究了赵庄2号井1305大采高工作面（工作面长度为85 m）和1302大采高工作面（工作面长度为180 m）矿压特征。结果表明：1305工作面基于梯形台和薄板理论进行选型计算,支架计算工作阻力为4 738 kN,现场选用额定阻力5 500 kN能够满足顶板控制的要求;1302工作面基于梁理论进行选型计算,支架计算工作阻力为7 623 kN,现场需选用额定阻力7 800 kN才能满足顶板控制的要求。 相似文献
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Quansen Wu Jinquan Jiang Quanlin Wu Yanchao Xue Peng Kong Bin Gong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3357-3373
The movement of hard and thick key stratum during underground coal extraction via longwall top coal caving differs from that of other types of overlying strata. Therefore, numerous problems such as roadway instability, rock burst and strong mining-induced mine seismicity will be encountered as a result of the fracture of a hard and thick key stratum. The key to controlling the behavior of strata is to understand the movement and fracture pattern of the hard and thick key stratum. Taking the 103up02 working face of Baodian coal mine as a case study in this study, according to the in situ measured microseismic data, the rule of fracture of overlying hard and thick sandstone caused by working face mining is studied, and the mechanism of dynamic pressure impact induced by hard and thick strata fracture is explained. Finally, the dynamic pressure control technology is put forward. The research results are of great significance for coal mining under hard and thick strata, mastering the fracture rules of hard and thick strata and predicting dynamic disasters. 相似文献
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应用覆岩空间结构学术观点对孤岛顶煤综放采场冲击矿压机制及其控制技术进行研究。根据覆岩关键层的岩性、层位、范围等因素,覆岩关键层空间结构分为覆岩空间大结构和基本顶有限矿压结构。孤岛顶煤采场冲击矿压发生机制：①孤岛顶煤综放采场 ? 型空间大结构形成过程是集中压力逐渐增加的过程,是该时间段发生冲击矿压的力源;②采场基本顶形成最下位 ? 型空间结构后,随着工作面推进,基本顶块体产生滑落失稳,造成工作面冲击矿压现象。通过对分段来压理论、基本顶结构失稳理论和坚硬顶板预断裂理论对覆岩关键层空间结构运动的控制作用研究,提出采用覆岩空间结构理论分析、分阶段降低放煤率、坚硬覆岩预爆泄压技术、覆岩坚硬岩层破裂的微地震监测技术等方式方法预防冲击矿压的发生。 相似文献
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Guimin Zhang Zhenshuo Wang Kai Zhang Yinping Li Yu Wu Yanlong Chen Houquan Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(16):588
In solution mining of salt formations, unreasonable salt cavities formed may lead to surface collapse hazards. In this paper, a mathematical model was proposed to analyze the collapse mechanism of the overlying strata above a salt cavern induced by solution mining with double-well convection. In the proposed model, the collapses of the overlying strata were supposed to occur layer by layer, and a thin plate with four edges clamped was introduced to calculate the critical collapse span of each layer. The limit breaking distance of the thin plate can be solved by setting the corresponding surrounding condition. According to the solution, the limit breaking distance is related to the dimensions, the mechanical properties of the rock, the buried depth, and the force status. For the convenience of calculation, a span criterion was introduced to distinguish the limit breaking distance. To keep the immediate roof more stable, the span criterion should be larger. As a case study, the collapse incidents at Dongxing Salt Mine were analyzed by the proposed model, and the collapses were verified to be inevitable under its mining and geological conditions. Discussions were finally carried out to study the influences of the thickness of the immediate roof, tension strength, Poisson ratio, and buried depth on the collapses. Above all, the collapses will occur more easily with the decrease of the thickness, tension strength, and Poisson ratio of each stratum. Especially, the collapse depth will not increase linearly with the buried depth, because of the bulking effect of the overlying strata. 相似文献
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Based on the analysis of dynamic phenomena under the condition of high-located hard-thick (HLHT) stratum of one coal mine, along with the similar material simulation and theoretical analysis, the characteristics of bed separation development and cracks distribution under the HLHT stratum are studied. This paper proposes a discriminating method for overlying strata Three Zones considering the influence of HLHT stratum. The development laws of cracks and disaster-causing mechanism of hard-thick magmatic rock in different strata are respectively analyzed. The studies show that in line with the working face advancing direction, the height of bed separation under the magmatic rock increases in the trend of “Increase–Stability–Decrease”, and the width of bed separation increases linearly. The width of bed separation reaches the maximum before the first breaking of magmatic rock, the bed separation completely closes after the breaking. There are no obvious bed separations during the period migration of magmatic rock. Along the direction of the height of roof, the development of bed separation is characterized by bottom-up jump based on the key strata. The analyzed results of “Three zone” height obtained by the discriminate method of overlying strata Three Zones which is based on the key strata theory and the S–R instability theory are in line with the actual facts. When the hard-thick magmatic rock is in the fractured zone, large amounts of gas and water are easy to accumulate in the bed separation space and “O” ring space around the gob. The first breaking of magmatic rock may induce bed separation gas outburst and water inrush. When the hard-thick magmatic rock is in the sagging zone, the long-term stability of magmatic rock will not cause serious disasters. But with the adjacent working face mining, bed separation gas and water often become a safety hazard. 相似文献
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薄基岩浅埋煤层覆岩破坏移动演化规律研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以榆阳煤矿为研究基地,进行了地下水动力学参数、覆岩力学组合结构特征与基岩风化带的阻隔水特性试验。结果表明,风积沙层底部为强含水层;主采煤层上覆覆岩泥岩强度高于砂岩;砂岩孔隙率高,含水率大,抗压、抗拉强度比值高;泥岩和砂岩的黏土矿物含量低、具有典型的脆性易裂、抗扰动能力差和再生隔水能力弱等新的破坏移动特性,并通过多因素拟合,确立了薄基岩浅埋煤层覆岩采动破坏“两带”高度的动态变化特征,提出了长壁工作面开采防止突水溃砂的调控技术,成功应用于榆阳煤矿并实现绿色保水开采,为陕北榆神大煤田薄基岩浅埋煤层进一步推广高效开采技术和保护生态环境实现绿色保水开采奠定了基础。 相似文献
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地下空洞引起的土质地层地陷是地质灾害的一种常见形式。由于地陷产生的原因非常复杂,目前相关研究还处于起步阶段。通过地陷成因和实例分析,首先确认了软土和粗粒土地层的地陷破坏模式。然后对软土地层圆柱形地陷,采用土体塑性极限平衡理论导出了计算地陷安全系数的公式,并据此分析了影响地陷的相关因素。对粗粒土地层地陷的圆形塌陷漏斗,基于散体流动理论提出了粗粒土流失判据,推导了地陷安全系数计算公式;通过分析粗粒土地层地陷形成规律,提出了基于土层厚度和地陷漏斗最大沉降的地陷预测与评估方法。最后,采用数值模拟方法分析了软土和粗粒土地层地陷时的地层变形规律,对所提地陷模型的合理性进行了说明。本文研究成果可为认识土质地层地陷的形成机制和地陷防治提供参考。 相似文献