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北方岩溶大泉地下水系统的圈划: 以太原盆地东西山地区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用地下水系统分析理论, 以山西省太原盆地东西山地区为实例, 利用GIS技术对区内岩溶大泉地下水系统进行了圈划.运用岩相古地理、地质构造和水文地质分析方法, 首次提取了研究区岩溶含水系统的区域隔水底板等高线、边山断裂两壁投影图及岩溶水系统图等定量或半定量水文地质信息, 圈划出了东西山岩溶水系统的局部饱水带、饱水带和碳酸盐岩非饱水带.研究结果表明, 西山地区兰村泉、晋祠泉属于同一个岩溶子系统; 西冶泉岩溶子系统是相对独立的岩溶水系统; 东山基岩山区大部分属于娘子关泉岩溶子系统, 且东山岩溶水子系统与盆地地下水有密切水力联系而与兰村泉-晋祠泉岩溶子系统无直接关系.这些为模拟盆地地下水系统和评价北方岩溶地下水资源提供重要的科学依据, 对前人就太原盆地边山岩溶水系统边界的确定和内部结构的划分提法有了新的认识. 相似文献
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北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统边界与水文地质性质 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
北方岩溶水系统具有固定补给范围和资源要素,是岩溶地下水进行独立循环的基本单元,控制了岩溶水的运移富集、水化学演化特征、资源构成以及环境地质问题。开展岩溶水系统研究的首要任务是确定系统边界位置及其水文地质性质。以北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统为研究对象,采用地质学、岩溶动力学、流体动力学、水文地球化学、地球物理勘探等方法,确定黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统是由南部大石河背斜岩溶水子系统和北部百花山向斜南翼岩溶水子系统2个次级系统组成;其含水岩层分别为蓟县系铁岭组、雾迷山组和青白口系景儿峪组、奥陶系、寒武系碳酸盐岩。根据边界的水文地质性质可以划分为地表分水岭边界、地下分水岭边界、隔水边界、岩溶含水层深埋滞流性边界等类型。 相似文献
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《地下水》2017,(6)
禹门口泉是河津市境内最大的岩溶泉,本文据近年来该区域岩溶水井施工和岩溶水供水水源地建设方面的地质、水文地质资料,对禹门口泉的系统边界及水文地质性质进行了确定,明确了以禹门口~上炭峪褶断带为界,将禹门口泉岩溶水划分为西坡子系统和西硙口子系统,研究发现两个子系统的含水层位、岩溶水水化学含量及地下水流场均存在较大差别。同时对泉域岩溶水的循环条件和水质、水量动态特征进行分析,结果显示:目前禹门口泉岩溶水水质虽然较为优良,但主要化学组分有逐渐增大的趋势并个别指标偶有超标现象,其原因是泉域特定的"单斜逆置型"模式条件下遮马峪碳酸盐岩渗漏段上游采煤活动所致,研究结果为合理开发利用禹门口泉岩溶水资源提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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龙涧泉岩溶水系统特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
文章以地下水系统理论为指导,对龙涧泉岩溶水系统的边界条件、人工干预条件下地下水动力场演化特征等方面进行了系统的研究。根据区域地质、构造、地形地貌和水文地质条件,探究了龙涧泉岩溶水系统,圈定了系统的范围、边界性质、流动系统内部及其与外部系统之间的关系,确定龙涧泉为系统的唯一天然排泄口,龙涧泉岩溶水系统与白浪岩溶水系统无直接水力联系。龙涧泉岩溶水系统岩溶水补给来源主要是大气降水、河流入渗及侧向径流补给,现状条件下总补给量为864.42万m3/a,多年平均补给量为836.81万m3/a;排泄主要是水源地开采和矿山排水,现状开采量为4 117.2万m3/a。由于开采量大于允许开采量,并超过了总补给量,区内岩溶水一直处于超采状态。2004—2008年矿区岩溶水实测年均下降1.61 m/a,多年（1984—2008）水位平均降幅为5.68 m/a,最大降幅17.42 m/a。此外还讨论了岩溶水系统的补给、排泄条件,提出了龙涧泉岩溶水开发、保护、复泉与管理龙涧泉岩溶水系统的建议。 相似文献
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忻州盆地边山岩溶水与盆地孔隙水存在密切的水力联系,岩溶水系统的圈划与分析对盆地孔隙水资源评价十分重要。文章运用地下水系统分析理论,基于地理信息系统技术,定量提取区域地质(岩相古地理、地层与构造)和水文地质信息,绘制了基于区域隔水底板等高线图、典型剖面图、盆地-山区两壁投影图等信息的岩溶水系统图;运用岩溶水系统图分析得出下马圈泉岩溶水系统与盆地孔隙水存在间接汇水、潜流和河流(泉)渗漏等补给关系,并给出了补给量的计算方法,为忻州盆地地下水资源评价与定量模拟提供了新的水文地质依据与基础。 相似文献
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云南南洞地下河系统边界及性质研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
地下河系统具有固定补给范围和资源要素,是岩溶地下水进行独立循环的基本单元,控制了岩溶水的运移富集、水化学演化特征、资源构成以及环境地质问题。开展地下河系统研究首要任务是确定系统边界位置及其水文地质性质。以南洞地下河系统为研究对象,据野外调查、勘探、试验资料,以地球系统科学理论为指导,运用现代岩溶学、地质学及水文地质学的分析方法,确定南洞地下河系统是由1号暗河和2号暗河系统组成的,其中2号暗河还有叠置于其上的平石板和黑龙潭两个全排型暗河子系统;其含水岩层主要为三叠系个旧组（T2g）灰岩、灰质白云岩、白云质灰岩;根据边界的水文地质性质可以划分为地表分水岭边界、地下分水岭边界、隔水边界、岩溶含水层深埋滞留型边界。 相似文献
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北京岩溶水系统划分及特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶水是北京市重要的战略后备水源,在城市供水方面发挥了重大作用,岩溶水系统划分对于掌握岩溶水资源、合理开发利用岩溶水是至关重要的。本文结合地质构造、地形地貌、水文地质条件,考虑含水岩组的连续性、不同级别地表水分水岭、地质构造的水文地质性质,将北京地区划分为3个一级岩溶水系统、7个二级岩溶水系统、16个三级岩溶水系统。其中隐伏型岩溶水系统无裸露的可溶岩或零星分布,天然资源少,地下水径流方向主要受开采影响,与上覆孔隙水有密切的水力联系。山前型岩溶水系统可溶岩分布于山区和平原,岩溶水天然补给资源丰富,含水层厚度大、分布广,调蓄能力强,开发利用程度高,排泄区有明显的阻水边界,储水能力强。山区型岩溶水系统可溶岩分布于山区,地下水向河谷、低洼处径流,排泄速度快,储存能力差,开采井零星分布,开发利用程度低。 相似文献
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娘子关泉水流量的GM(1,2)时滞预测模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
娘子关泉位于山西省阳泉市平定娘子关附近,多年平均流量10. 93m3 /s,是我国北方最大的岩溶泉群。泉域西高东低,西部多为古生界二叠系、中生界三叠系砂页岩覆盖,大气降水入渗在这里形成浅层地下水,这些浅层水是深层岩溶含水层的间接补给水源; 泉域东部为岩溶裸露区,大气降水直接入渗补给深层岩溶水。由于岩溶泉域地质结构的复杂性和含水介质的多重性,泉域降水对泉水补给具有明显的灰色动态特征和时滞效应。本文应用灰色系统理论方法,建立了GM( 1, 2) 时滞模型,运用该模型对娘子关泉水流量进行了预测,结果与实际相接近。 相似文献
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文章在充分分析已有地质和水文地质资料的基础之上,综合大面积水文地质调绘和多种勘探成果,对石太客运专线太行山隧道和南梁隧道所在区域的水文地质条件进行了系统分析。将隧道区域划分为娘子关泉域系统、威州泉域系统和散泉系统三大地下水含水系统,同时将太行山隧道区划分为5个水文地质单元,将南梁隧道区划分为两个水文地质单元。另外,论述了隧道开挖对地下水和地表水环境的影响,主要表现在对断层或岩脉与隧道相交地段的水位、水量产生影响,这为进一步解决特长隧道施工过程中的突水、涌水等问题提供了可靠的基础性资料,加深了对河北、山西两省交界处水文地质条件薄弱地带的了解。 相似文献
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Geochemical evolution of groundwater in carbonate aquifers in Taiyuan, northern China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Rui Ma Yanxin WangZiyong Sun Chunmiao ZhengTeng Ma Henning Prommer 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(5):884-897
Thirty-nine samples of both cold and thermal karst groundwater from Taiyuan, northern China were collected and analyzed with the aim of developing a better understanding of the geochemical processes that control the groundwater quality evolution in the region’s carbonate aquifers. The region’s karst groundwater system was divided into three geologically distinct sub-systems, namely, the Xishan Mountain karst groundwater subsystem (XMK), the Dongshan Mountain karst groundwater subsystem (DMK) and the Beishan Mountain karst groundwater subsystem (BMK). Hydrochemical properties of the karst groundwaters evolve from the recharge zones towards the cold water discharge zones and further towards the thermal water discharge zones. In the XMK and the DMK, the hydrochemical type of the groundwater evolves from HCO3-Ca·Mg in the recharge - flow-through zone, to HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg/SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg in the cold water discharge zone, and further to SO4-Ca·Mg in the thermal water discharge zone. By contrast, the water type changes from HCO3-Ca·Mg to HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg in the BMK, with almost invariable TDS and temperatures all along from the recharge to the discharge zone. The concentrations of Sr, Si, Fe, F− and of some trace elements (Al, B, Li, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni) increase as groundwater temperature increases. Different hydrogeochemical processes occur in the three karst groundwater sub-systems. In the XMK and the DMK, the geochemical evolution of the groundwater is jointly controlled by carbonate dissolution/precipitation, gypsum dissolution and dedolomitization, while only calcite and dolomite dissolution/precipitation occurs in the BMK without dedolomitization. The hydrogeochemical data of the karst groundwaters were used to construct individual geochemical reaction models for each of the three different karst groundwater sub-systems. The modeling results confirm that dedolomization is the major process controlling hydrochemical changes in the XMK and the DMK. In the thermal groundwaters, the dissolution rates of fluorite, siderite and strontianite were found to exceed those of the cold karst groundwater systems, which can explain the higher concentrations of F−, Fe and Sr2+ that are found in these waters. 相似文献
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Guided by the theory of groundwater system, based on the groundwater level data from the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area, the authors took into account factors such as the lithology, geological structure and topography to study the relationship between groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage in this area. It was concluded that the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation is the main source of groundwater supply in this area; the upper layer of the Spring area is distributed with the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician karst water, and the lower layer is filled with the Jixian system karst water. The upper layer of karst water supplies to the lower layer of karst water or the pore water in loose strata through the fault while the lower layer of karst water runs to the three strong runoff belts from the east and west sides of the watershed, southwards into the basin, partially replenishing the pore water in loose strata, or forming fault Springs (e.g. Nanguan Spring, Beihai Spring) when dolomite movement encounters faults. Replenished by atmospheric precipitation and the upper and lower layers of karst waters, the pore water in loose strata joins the groundwater in the southern basin and then flows eastwards, in the end it flows out of the system in Shangfanpu. Through the analyses of groundwater level data and hydrogeological drilling data, based on groundwater D and 18O isotope test results, the karst groundwater circulation system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area is further verified, which provides hydrogeological basis for water resources development and utilization as well as protection in this area. 相似文献
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鹤庆西山岩溶地下水是当地人们生产生活的重要水源,开展岩溶地下水均衡调查及计算模拟,掌握研究区岩溶地下水动态,对鹤庆西山地下水资源开发利用及管理有重要的意义。本文在收集研究区地质资料的基础上,对研究区的自然地理条件、地层岩性、地质构造和水文地质条件等地质背景进行分析并划分岩溶地下水系统。采用数值模拟法对云南省鹤庆西山岩溶地下水均衡进行了模拟计算,并与水量均衡法进行了对比。结果表明:岩溶系统划分合理,各岩溶子系统补给与排泄基本均衡;各岩溶子系统的排泄以集中排泄为主,集中排泄占总排泄量的67%~92%;考虑岩溶管道的集中排泄模型更符合研究区岩溶地下水运动特点。 相似文献
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Saša Milanović Zoran Stevanović Ljiljana Vasić Vesna Ristić-Vakanjac 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):525-532
Beljanica Mountain in eastern Serbia is a part of the Carpathian Balkan arch (northern Alpine branch). It covers an area of about 300 km2 and consists mostly of Jurassic and Cretaceous limestones. Numerous surface karst features, long caves and several large karstic springs located in Beljanica’s piedmont along the contact of karstic and non-karstic rocks are all indicators of an intense karstification. Currently, the large karstic water reserves of Beljanica Mountain are not properly utilized because of their distance from main consumers, the objection by national water managers that the springs lack a stable and sufficient discharge particularly during recession periods. Due to its unpolluted and high quality water, the area is a great prospect for future water supply, and provides an opportunity for artificial regulation and for the design and implementation of specific tapping structures. This paper includes an analysis of the created 3D ArcGIS model of karst interior and its correlation with historical and newly collected data of spring discharges and groundwater physico-chemical characteristics. The results of karst aquifer monitoring (both quantitative and qualitative) are linked with the results of extensive field geological and speleological survey of the upper non-saturated part of the karst (such as sinkholes, pits and caves) and with the investigation of the permanently saturated deeper part of the aquifer (including the diving methods). The model of karst interior is based on the data from the 69 caves, 15 sinks and 1,682 dolines (sinkholes) surveyed. The total length of the karst channels network, calculated using the GIS model and presented in a 3D environment, is 647 km. The catchment areas of five major springs that drain the areas are estimated to range from only 7 km2 (Malo Vrelo Spring) to 124 km2 (Vrelo Mlave Spring). The groundwater exploitable reserves of Beljanica karst aquifer are estimated to be over 4 m3/s. The waters are low mineralized, unpolluted and have a great potential for water supply. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地是我国西北地区东部的一个大型构造沉积盆地,蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,是我国正在建设 的重要能源基地;鄂尔多斯盆地同时也是一个巨型地下水盆地,赋存相对丰富的地下水资源,将为能源基地建设提 供重要水源。鄂尔多斯盆地是由多种不同类型岩石上下叠置构成的构造沉积盆地,因此它也是一个由不同含水岩 类的多个含水层系统上下叠置构成的巨型地下水盆地。鄂尔多斯盆地总体上构成一个半开启型的地下水盆地,盆 地内不同含水层系统地下水交替循环的方式和深度不同,以寒武系-奥陶系碳酸盐岩类岩溶含水层系统和白垩系 碎屑岩类孔隙-裂隙含水层系统的交替循环深度较大(可达1200～1800m);新生界松散岩类孔隙含水层系统和 石炭系-侏罗系碎屑岩类裂隙含水层系统的交替循环深度较小(一般小于300m)。鄂尔多斯盆地实际上包含了周 边岩溶地下水、白垩系自流盆地地下水和东部黄土区地下水共3个地下水大系统。在各地下水大系统内,又可根 据各自的地质-水文地质结构特征、地下水循环条件以及和地表水系的关系等,再进一步划分成7个地下水系统 及16个地下水亚系统。文章在对鄂尔多斯盆地的地质-水文地质结构特征和地下水循环条件进行分析的基础 上,对整个盆地地下水系统进行初步分析,为盆地地下 相似文献
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2012年7月21日,北京房山区发生特大暴雨,暴雨从21日10时开始到22日2时结束。总降雨量达228mm,是北京60年一遇暴雨。暴雨后,黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统内的各种水资源要素都对其形成积极响应。依据岩溶地下水位统测、区域地质构造以及地貌条件综合分析黑龙关泉地下水系统补、径、排。研究黑龙关泉地下水系统对7.21洪水响应。从地下水位、地表河流、泉水水量、岩溶地下水化学分析7.21洪水前后变化情况。降水后,大石河流量最大达221m~3/s,水化学类型中带硫酸根离子的样品数显著增加。7月15日,实测黑龙关泉水流量为0.31m~3/s,7月21日上午实测为0.30m~3/s,25日分别对大石河的黑龙关泉口上、下游进行实测,获得泉水流量为3.47m~3/s,到29日降至2.34m~3/s,流量变化较为剧烈,与大石河水对岩溶水的补给密切相关。为进一步研究北京黑龙关泉域岩溶水的变化规律和岩溶水资源评价及合理开发利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway may face significant geological safety risks of water inrush and mud inrush in the plateau tectonic karst region. It is of great scientific and practical significance to carry out research on the evolution regularity of the plateau tectonic karst and the relevant karst groundwater circulation mode for the early prediction and identification of the water inrush and mud inrush disaster in the railway tunnel to be built. Based on the field survey and published literatures, this paper makes an in-depth analysis and draws some conclusions. The tectonic karst development shows obvious sequence characteristics and elevation zonation. The first level to fourth level karst development areas were formed before Miocene, late Miocene to Pliocene, Pliocene and Pliocene to Pleistocene, and occur in the elevation range of 4900?5300 m, 4000?4300 m, 3700?3800 m and 2900?3200 m, respectively. Active faults obviously control the distribution and enrichment of karst groundwater. Since the late Pleistocene, active faults have connected different karst areas and formed unique storage conditions for the tectonic karst groundwater in the plateau region. Karst groundwater system can be divided into high recharge area, remote pipeline flow area and concentrated discharge area. The high recharge area occurs in the first-level karst evaluation area, and the third-level and fourth-level are the concentrated discharge area which generally contain the outcropping springs with a discharge of more than 100 L/s. The groundwater system is appropriately divided into shallow and deep groundwater flow system. Karst springs are mainly supplied by ice and snow melting water, and exhibits the dynamic characteristics of the high water pressure, long flow path and deep water groundwater circulation. High CO2 saturation concentration of the melting water and the salt effect of sulfate promote the formation of high TDS sulfuric acid karst groundwater of low temperature. 相似文献
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南梁-古堆泉域岩溶水开发利用程度较高,由于不合理的开采,泉域内多处泉水已相继出现干枯断流现象,本文通过计算分析,确定了泉域岩溶地下水的天然资源量和可开采资源量,为区域水资源的优化配置提供了科学依据. 相似文献