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褶皱冲断带前缘构造—三角带评述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
三角带是前陆冲断带的特殊构造，近年来的详细露头观察和高精度的地震资料清晰地揭示了其内外几何形态。本文介绍这方面的新成果，旨在为我国冲断带和前陆盆地构造研究提供新的思路。 相似文献
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扬子板块的地壳演化与地层对比 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
扬子板块是在古元古－新太古宙的古陆核基础上发展演化而成。吕梁运动以前，以川中微型陆块为主体的若干个小型古陆块组成向北西突出的牛轭形陆块带。中元古宙在牛轭形陆块带的东西两侧形成海沟岛弧系，沉积一套弧前及弧后的优地槽和旰地槽建造。１０－１１亿年时的东川运动使沟弧系褶皱回返，固结为陆新元古宙早期产生大陆裂谷，形成五一套裂谷建造，晋宁运动使扬子板块整体固结新元古宙晚发育山前磨拉建造、冰碛层及碳酸盐盖层。全 相似文献
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约距今2200万年的新近纪中新世早期，菲律宾洋板块斜向俯冲插入欧亚陆板块之下，在板块碰接带的两侧进行不同的地质演化。海沟、火山岛弧、弧后盆地是板块构造理论中洋板块与陆板块碰接时在碰接带附近产生的构造地貌，即“沟、弧、盆系”。菲律宾洋板块俯冲于欧亚陆板块之下到更新世后期（距今约20万年），其构造地貌由洋到陆为大洋-硫球海沟-台湾火山岛弧-弧后盆（边缘海）-中国大陆，其中海沟以东至大陆为东海大陆架。 相似文献
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造山带与盆地正负相伴生：塔里木盆地构造风格剖析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石层会聚地区，形变作用的体现是以造山带与盆地正负相伴生组成的地质景观为特色，青藏特提斯“造山拼合体”后陆的塔里木盆地就是一典型实例，笔者依据盆内区域地震地质解释断面反映的盆地实体形变特征及有限的钻井资料，结合盆缘地质露头，剖析塔里木盆地构造地史及其形变风格，认为，塔里木盆地构造演化受控于古亚洲与特提斯两大构造域，因其形变风格各异，导致盆内垂向上呈古褶隆与类前陆和新造山带与前陆盆地双层地质结构。 相似文献
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超高压变质作用与成矿 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
超高压变质作用是指在地温梯度小于１０℃／ｋｍ条件下发生的高于“石英－柯石英”相变线压力的变质作用，一般发生在陆－陆碰撞造山带深部。由于其生成条件特殊，超高压变质岩中存在着金刚石、硬玉、蓝晶石及金红石等潜在的矿产资源。 相似文献
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通过对喜马拉雅碰撞带构造单元划分和组成的研究，从俯冲和碰撞带前缘加积作用，深层底辟和热隆扩展作用及岩石圈深物质流动－“回流”作用等３个方面阐明了喜马拉雅碰撞带的构造演化，提出了喜马拉雅碰撞带的构造演化模式－渐进式陆内变形模式。 相似文献
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昆秦接合部造山带非史密斯地层的一些特点——苦海—赛什堂—羊曲构造混 … 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
系统论述了昆秦接合部造山带非史密斯地层的特征,应用非史密斯地（岩）层体构造岩片（块）四维裂拼复原原理解剖了羊曲－赛什塘－苦海构造混杂带,提出该构造带为晚华力西期－印支期扬子陆块与柴达木陆块近东西向江聚过程中形成的陆缘俯冲增生杂岩楔,并对其组成、结构、演化过程等做了初步的总结。 相似文献
11.
Young Keun Jin Robert D. Larter Yeadong Kim Sang Heon Nam Kyu Jung Kim 《Tectonophysics》2002,346(3-4)
The Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula to the southwest of the Hero Fracture Zone (HFZ) is a former subducting margin which became inactive following the arrival of ridge crest segments of the Antarctic–Phoenix ridge at the margin during the Tertiary. In contrast, the part of the margin to the northeast of the HFZ remains active. Tertiary convergence was approximately perpendicular to the margin and ongoing motion is thought to have the same orientation. A new seismic reflection profile running along Boyd Strait, just northeast of the landward projection of the HFZ, shows major structural components similar to those typically observed along the margin to the southwest of the HFZ. In order of increasing proximity to the margin, these components are: the inner shelf, the shelf basin, the mid-shelf basement high (MSBH), and the outer shelf. The continuation of the post-subduction margin structures to the active margin suggests that the boundary between crust with passive and active margins characteristics is not sharply defined. Our postulated scenario for tectonic evolution along Boyd Strait is that: (1) before the arrival of the last ridge crest segment to the southwest of the HFZ, the inner shelf and the shelf basin were part of a Cretaceous–Tertiary arc and forearc area, (2) after the arrival, thermal effects resulting from interaction of the ridge crest with the margin just southwest of the HFZ lead to the formation of the MSBH to the northeast, but MSBH uplift in Boyd Strait did not prevent concurrent cross-shelf sediment transport contributing to development of an extensive outer shelf on the seaward flank of the MSBH, (3) Recent extension in Bransfield Strait, a marginal basin to the northeast of the landward projection of the HFZ, has caused about 10 km of seaward deflection in the strike of the part of the MSBH to the northeast of the projection of the HFZ. 相似文献
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南秦岭三叠系裂陷槽主要分布在合作—宕昌—两当大断裂与腊子口—舟曲—成县大断裂之间,向东伸入陕西界内,向西延伸到青海省,以甘肃陇南相关三叠纪地层研究程度最高。其北界为传统意义上中秦岭与南秦岭的分界线,沿此断裂构造带目前已发现有众多的多金属矿点及矿化点。南界属于著名的白龙江背斜的北翼,沿此断裂构造带最近也不断发现了一系列金... 相似文献
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康拉德界面既是上地壳和下地壳的分界面, 也是地壳内部花岗岩与玄武岩的分界面, 其对于研究地壳稳定性、区域地质构造活动和地块演化历史等具有重要的指示意义。位于青藏高原东北缘的甘东南地区是多个地块的交汇区域, 发育了多个断层和多次历史大地震。根据早期的研究结果, 在构造活动比较强烈的大陆地壳内康拉德界面有可能是缺失的, 但在该区域近震波形资料中清楚地记录到了振幅要比直达波大2~3倍的来自康拉德界面的震相。通过波形模拟和走时拟合, 对这些震相进行了进一步核实。该结果提供了青藏高原东北缘存在康拉德界面的直接地震学证据。本文研究结果表明在构造活动活跃区域也可能存在康拉德界面, 同时该结果对于该区域震相的准确识别、地震三要素的准确计算等也具有重要的参考价值 相似文献
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By compiling wide-angle seismic velocity profiles along the 400-km-long Lofoten–Vesterålen continental margin off Norway, and integrating them with an extensive seismic reflection data set and crustal-scale two-dimensional gravity modelling, we outline the crustal margin structure. The structure is illustrated by across-margin regional transects and by contour maps of depth to Moho, thickness of the crystalline crust, and thickness of the 7+ km/s lower crustal body. The data reveal a normal thickness oceanic crust seaward of anomaly 23 and an increase in thickness towards the continent–ocean boundary associated with breakup magmatism. The southern boundary of the Lofoten–Vesterålen margin, the Bivrost Fracture Zone and its landward prolongation, appears as a major across-margin magmatic and structural crustal feature that governed the evolution of the margin. In particular, a steeply dipping and relatively narrow, 10–40-km-wide, Moho-gradient zone exists within a continent–ocean transition, which decreases in width northward along the Lofoten–Vesterålen margin. To the south, the zone continues along the Vøring margin, however it is offset 70–80 km to the northwest along the Bivrost Fracture Zone/Lineament. Here, the Moho-gradient zone corresponds to a distinct, 25-km-wide, zone of rapid landward increase in crustal thickness that defines the transition between the Lofoten platform and the Vøring Basin. The continental crust on the Lofoten–Vesterålen margin reaches a thickness of 26 km and appears to have experienced only moderate extension, contrasting with the greatly extended crust in the Vøring Basin farther south. There are also distinct differences between the Lofoten and Vesterålen margin segments as revealed by changes in structural style and crustal thickness as well as in the extent of elongate potential-field anomalies. These changes may be related to transfer zones. Gravity modelling shows that the prominent belt of shelf-edge gravity anomalies results from a shallow basement structural relief, while the elongate Lofoten Islands belt requires increased lower crustal densities along the entire area of crustal thinning beneath the islands. Furthermore, gravity modelling offers a robust diagnostic tool for the existence of the lower crustal body. From modelling results and previous studies on- and off-shore mid-Norway, we postulate that the development of a core complex in the middle to lower crust in the Lofoten Islands region, which has been exhumed along detachments during large-scale extension, brought high-grade, lower crustal rocks, possibly including accreted decompressional melts, to shallower levels. 相似文献
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西秦岭北缘断裂带漳县—车厂断层的结构及构造演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西秦岭北缘断裂带是青藏高原东北缘主要构造边界断裂带之一, 其构造变形历史和运动学特征研究可以为西秦岭中新生代构造过程和印度—亚洲板块碰撞动力学的远程构造响应提供约束。漳县—车厂断层是西秦岭北缘断裂带的重要组成部分, 通过对工程开挖所揭露的断层带内丰富构造现象的观测与分析, 至少可以辨别出3期性质、规模、运动学特征各异的构造变形事件。第一期为向北北东陡倾的伸展正断层作用; 第二期为向南南西倾的由南向北的逆冲断层作用; 第三期为沿近直立断面左旋走滑作用。尽管每期变形的时代尚缺乏构造物质测年的约束, 但根据其与白垩系、新近系的空间关系以及已有第四纪以来沿断层地貌位错和相关沉积物测年以及地震活动历史研究对断层左旋走滑作用的时代约束, 认为第一期伸展正断层作用起始于早白垩纪, 可能持续到渐新世; 第二期向北逆冲断层作用起始于渐新世初, 可能持续到早第四纪; 第三期左旋走滑断层作用起始于晚第四纪, 持续至今。漳县—车厂断层是一条典型的多期变形的脆性断层, 其变形特征与历史, 如果代表了西秦岭北缘断裂带特征与构造变形过程, 那么现今西秦岭北缘断裂带仅是起始于早白垩纪、新生的脆性断裂带, 并非是印支主造山期大规模韧性逆冲推覆作用的边界断层。 相似文献
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南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
通过对构造环境、地球物理场特征、盆地生储盖层发育等方面对比研究, 讨论南海南北部沉积盆地的油气资源分布特征, 为在南海进行油气勘查指明方向.目前油气勘探实践证明, 南海南部的油气资源比北部丰富, 究其原因, 南海北部为被动大陆边缘, 张性沉积盆地的烃源岩体积较小, 而南部挤压环境下形成的沉积盆地的烃源岩体积大; 北部的地热流较南部小, 因此地温梯度也较小, 如北部陆架上的珠江口盆地的热流值在5 3~ 87mW /m2之间, 平均6 7mW /m2, 而南海南部大曾母盆地平均热流值达97mW /m2, 最大值达130mW /m2, 故南部边缘烃源岩的成熟度比北部高; 由于南部边缘处于挤压构造环境, 因此在沉积盆地中形成了许多挤压构造, 而北部边缘一直处于张性构造环境, 形成的构造较少且较小; 同时, 南部边缘沉积盆地中, 烃源岩生烃与构造形成在时间上搭配较好.因此, 在南海南部边缘沉积盆地中形成了许多大型油气田, 而南海北部边缘沉积盆地中, 大型油气田较少, 中小型油气田较多.这就是为什么南海南部边缘的油气资源比北部丰富的地质原因. 相似文献
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断陷盆地基底及周缘性质对盆缘构造和沉积的影响与制约——以伊通地堑为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伊通地堑基底主要由抗风化能力强、刚性的块状花岗岩系和抗风化能力弱、相对柔弱的层状沉积岩系组成.东南边界断层受基底岩性影响明显,花岗岩系构成的区段内表现为断面平直的高角度张性断裂活动样式,层状岩系区段内为典型的铲状正断层.西北缘边界断裂构造活动样式基本不受基底岩性影响.基底岩性的差异很大程度上影响和制约边缘沉积相带组合类型、发育规模、展布规律.花岗岩系区段内,西北缘沉积体系由深湖相夹水下扇的特殊类型——跌水扇相构成,东南缘沉积体系由小型扇三角洲和滨浅湖相构成.层状岩系区段内,沉积体系主要由辫状三角洲相和滨浅湖相构成. 相似文献
18.
帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑的构造地貌及其构造意义 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑位于青藏高原西北部,受三条大型断裂:康西瓦断裂、主帕米尔-铁克里克断裂和公格尔断裂的制约.通过野外考察、卫星遥感图像解译、ASTER GDEM高程数据的分析,对上述三条断裂及整个区域进行构造地貌研究,并探讨其构造意义.结果表明:康西瓦断裂为左行走滑断裂;主帕米尔-铁克里克断裂为逆冲断裂;公格尔断裂和塔什库尔干断裂分别为右行、左行走滑正断层,连接两者的是塔合曼正断裂.通过ASTER GDEM高程数据的高程分布、局部高程差和坡度分析,表明帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑至塔里木盆地存在三级特征地貌(塔里木盆地、塔里木盆地南缘山前褶皱逆冲带和帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑);西昆仑地区受印度/亚洲板块碰撞而产生垂向物质运动,由于三条大型断裂控制在西侧断裂附近存在水平方向的物质运动,垂直和水平两种运动的存在促使靠近康西瓦和公格尔断裂形成高山地貌. 相似文献
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Accompanied with rifting and detaching of the north continental margin of the South China Sea,the ernst and the lithosphere become thinner away from the continental margin resulting from the tectonic activities,such as tensile deformation,thermal uplift,and cooling subsidence,etc..Integrated with thermal,gravimetric,and isostatic analysis techniques,based on the seismic interpretation of the deep penetration seismic soundings across the northern margin of the South China Sea,we reconstructed the lithospheric thermal structure and derived the variation of the crust boundary in the east and west parts of the seismic profde by using gravity anomaly data.We mainly studied the thermal isostasy problems using the bathymetry of the profiles and calculated the crust thinning effect due to the thermal variety in the rifting process.The results Indicate that the thermal isostasy may reach 2.5 kin,and the compositional variations in the ilthospheric density and thickness may produce a variation of 4.0 kin.Therefore,the compositional isostatic correction is very important to recover the relationship between surface heat flow and topography.Moreover,because of the high heat flow characteristic of the continental margin,building the model of lithospheric geotherm in this region is of great importan for studying the Cenozoic tectonic thermal evolution of the north passive continental margin of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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南海北部陆缘的构造属性问题 总被引：34，自引：1，他引：33
以1号断裂为界,南海北部陆缘可分为东,西两段：东段包括北部湾盆地,琼东南盆地,珠江口盆地和台西盆地等,西段包拓莺歌海盆地。两者构造形变特征存在一定的差异性：东段盆地边界断层主要为NE－EW向,为分支断层通过不同类型转换坡连接而成的多支正断层系,因断层位移沿走向有规律变化,在其上盘发育相关褶皱,如横向褶皱;西段盆地边界断层也是由多条分支断层连接的多支断层系,但方向为NW向,以走滑作用为主,上盘没有发育断层相关褶皱。结合新生代岩浆作用,沉降和充填作用及地壳结构等特征分析,南海北部陆缘东段在构造活动上可以分成三个相对活跃时期,即50－40,30－28和10－5Ma左右。每一期拥有各自的特点,并具有不同的动力学来源,前两期与南海的扩张关系密切,3则与南海扩张无成因联系。南海北部陆缘虽然有一定的岩浆活动,但不是张烈的同期产物,因而它在形成机制上属于非火山型被动大陆边缘,其活动性因素是受周边板块相互作用的叠加所致。西段从成因机制上来讲并不属于南海北部陆缘,可能与印－藏碰撞关系更为密切。 相似文献