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1.
近年在河南省洛宁县的崤山东部浅覆盖区发现了老里湾大型银铅锌矿床,该矿床与矿区内的老里湾岩体有密切的成因联系。为了查明老里湾岩体的形成时代、源区组成及岩石成因,对其开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。老里湾岩体4件花岗斑岩样品的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为(133±1)Ma(MSWD=0.58)、(133±1)Ma(MSWD=1.20)、(134±1)Ma(MSWD=1.16)和(137±1)Ma(MSWD=0.45),表明老里湾岩体形成于早白垩世。岩体的主要岩石类型为花岗斑岩,岩石具有高的w(SiO_2)(70.48%~72.75%)和w(K_2O)(5.90%~7.01%),非常高的K_2O/Na_2O比值(7.68~12.89)和较高的A/CNK值(0.97~1.25,平均1.11),属于高钾钙碱性系列。老里湾岩体的稀土元素总量介于231×10~(-6)~278×10~(-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏强烈,其(La/Yb)N值介于26.7~36.5之间,岩石具有中等到弱的负铕异常(Eu/Eu*值介于0.59~0.78,平均0.68)。老里湾岩体富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti等高场强元素。老里湾岩体锆石的εHf(t)介于-43.0~-5.1(平均-20.0),Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.52~3.85 Ga(平均2.45Ga)。老里湾岩体的源区主要为中-新太古代和古元古代的地壳物质,并有少量的古太古代和始太古代地壳物质,岩浆形成过程中发生了较为强烈的壳幔相互作用,古老地壳物质部分熔融形成的岩浆与底侵的玄武质岩浆混合是老里湾早白垩世花岗斑岩形成的主要机制。 相似文献
2.
辽西-辽南地区新太古代花岗质岩石的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和微量元素及全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素研究为探讨华北克拉通东北部前寒武纪地壳生长和演化提供了制约。结果表明,辽西地区钓鱼台二长花岗岩和辽南地区城子坦片麻状石英闪长岩、安波花岗质片麻岩中锆石均发育岩浆生长环带,结合相对高的Th/U比值(0.24~1.75)和锆石稀土元素特征,暗示它们均为岩浆锆石。定年结果显示,钓鱼台二长花岗岩、城子坦片麻状石英闪长岩和安波花岗质片麻岩的原岩分别形成于2519±9Ma、2505±10Ma和2519±11Ma,即它们均形成于新太古代晚期。辽西-辽南地区新太古代花岗质岩石均具有高SiO2(61.85%~73.38%)、低MgO(0.36%~2.83%)、富Na2O+K2O(7.64%~10.86%)的特征,为准铝质-弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,发育弱的Eu负异常和Sr、P、Ti的亏损。岩浆锆石均具有正的εHf(t)值,介于0.4~5.9之间,tDM1变化于2595~2798Ma之间,峰值年龄为2740Ma,与华北克拉通最重要的一次地壳增生事件相一致。辽西-辽南地区新太古代花岗质岩石形成于板块俯冲的弧构造环境下新增生下地壳物质的部分熔融。 相似文献
3.
华北陆块南缘外方山店房金矿区内出露后沟、水漉塘和店房钾长花岗斑岩体(脉),其与隐爆角砾岩筒及金矿化有密切的空间关系。为查明钾长花岗斑岩体的侵位时代、岩石成因和源区性质,本次开展了锆石U-Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素及岩石地球化学分析等研究。结果表明岩体具有高硅、高钾、富铝、低镁的特征,属钾玄岩系列Ⅰ型花岗岩,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,具有弱的Eu负异常,岩石富集Rb、K、Ba等,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素。锆石具有核—边结构,其中锆石边SHRIMP U-Pb年龄142.6±2.1Ma(MSWD=1.4),_(εHf)(t)=-23.0~-13.8,两阶段模式年龄主要集中于2075~2652 Ma;锆石核LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄可分为两组,即2169~2336Ma和1732~1881Ma,Hf同位素组成可分为两组,_(εHf)(t)分别集中于-13.1~-4.8和-4.5~3.7,模式年龄主要集中于2376~2805Ma。表明钾长花岗斑岩体形成于142.6±2.1Ma的早白垩世早期,岩浆可能由2169~2336Ma的古老下地壳新太古代太华群部分熔融而成,并有地幔组分参与,岩浆在上升或定位过程中捕获了1732~1881Ma熊耳群火山岩的锆石。结合区域构造背景认为,该岩体是早白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲致使华北陆块岩石圈减薄伸展而引起的岩浆活动的产物。 相似文献
4.
内蒙古大苏计斑岩钼矿床花岗质杂岩年代学、地球化学、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
内蒙古卓资县大苏计斑岩钼矿化与区内花岗质杂岩(石英斑岩、正长花岗斑岩和花岗斑岩)有密切的成因联系。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得石英斑岩、正长花岗斑岩和花岗斑岩的结晶年龄分别为(234±3)Ma、(225±4)Ma和(220±4)Ma。杂岩体富硅(w(SiO_2)=70.37%~78.84%)、富碱(w(Na_2O+K_2O)=4.52%~8.77%),均属高钾钙碱性系列,普遍具有低的w(Na_2O)(0.15%~2.69%)和高的铝指数(ASI介于1.13~3.35)。稀土元素总量介于48.2×10~(-6)~527.0×10~(-6),石英斑岩稀土元素含量(48.2×10~(-6)~83.1×10~(-6))最低,正长花岗斑岩稀土元素含量(272.1×10~(-6)~527.0×10~(-6))最高,花岗斑岩稀土元素含量为162.5×10~(-6)~236.8×10~(-6);杂岩体δEu介于0.15~0.93之间,(La/Yb)N介于3.0~65.5,自正长花岗斑岩、花岗斑岩到石英斑岩,其Eu负异常逐渐増大,而(La/Yb)N逐渐减小。岩体普遍富集Rb、Th、U、K、Nd、Zr、Hf等,强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti等。正长花岗斑岩具有中等Ba、Ta、Nb亏损。石英斑岩和花岗斑岩均属于高分异花岗岩,而正长花岗斑岩属于I型花岗岩。主量、稀土和微量元素特征表明,杂岩体具有后碰撞或后造山花岗岩特征,形成于后碰撞或后造山环境。杂岩体锆石的Hf同位素显示,3种岩石的εHf(t)值介于-21.1~-8.1,二阶段模式年龄tDM2介于1775~2587 Ma。石英斑岩来自于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融;正长花岗斑岩来自于古元古代晚期地壳物质的部分熔融;花岗斑岩也主要来自于古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融,但有少量新太古代地壳物质参与。 相似文献
5.
以赣西地区蒙山岩体为研究对象,通过对该岩体地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素的研究,探讨其岩浆物质来源及构造背景。该岩体经历了印支期、燕山期岩浆侵入活动,形成六种岩石类型,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为224.0±2.10 Ma(n=19,MSWD=1.9)、223.0±2.20 Ma(n=21,MSWD=2.6)、222.0±2.80 Ma(n=21,MSWD=2.7)、220.0±1.90 Ma(n=16,MSWD=1.5)、217.0±3.70 Ma(n=8,MSWD=1.8)、142.0±0.98 Ma(n=21,MSWD=1.4),表明岩体经历了印支期、燕山期两期岩浆活动。印支期花岗质岩石地球化学具高硅富钾、准铝-过铝质特征;微量元素富集高场强元素Zr、Hf、Th、U和稀土元素La、Ce、Sm、Nd、Y,明显亏损Rb、Ba、Sr、Ti、P;稀土元素分馏程度不高,δEu介于0.03~0.15,具强Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显,稀土配分曲线呈“V”型;为同源岩浆演化的特点。CaO/Na_(2) O比值<0.3、Rb/Sr>5,岩石二阶段模式年龄T DM2主体介于868~1465 Ma,为中-新元古代,εHf(t)对应的T DM2值显示,岩体物源起源于成熟地壳,后期有大量新生地壳物质的加入,表明岩石来源于含水矿物(如白云母、绿帘石/黝帘石)的脱水反应导致成熟度高地壳物质的熔融而形成。在花岗岩构造环境判别图上,投于碰撞大地构造背景上的花岗岩和造山后花岗岩类(POG)区域,锆石U-Pb年龄表明成岩时段滞后于印支运动高峰期(258~243 Ma),为受印支运动造成华南地壳加厚滞后,地壳进入伸展阶段,减压熔融形成的花岗质岩浆。 相似文献
6.
对锡铁山北东侧的花岗斑岩体进行锆石U—Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素研究。通过LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb同位素测年,获得花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为373. 9±2. 2 Ma (MSWD=0. 069),属于晚泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示岩石富硅(SiO_2=76. 33%～76. 99%)和碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7. 28%～8. 19%),低钙(CaO=0. 58%～0. 75%)、镁(MgO=0. 20%～0. 31%)和Mg~#值(Mg~#=23. 29～30. 17),A/CNK介于0. 97～0. 98,属于准铝质钙碱性岩石系列。岩石相对富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素及Ba、Sr等部分大离子亲石元素。稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,轻稀土元素分馏明显,重稀土元素分馏较弱,且相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,显示明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0. 36～0. 43)。锆石Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)比值为+6. 6～+9. 6,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)为760～950 Ma。综合岩石地球化学及同位素的研究表明,锡铁山花岗斑岩为高分异的I型花岗岩,岩浆源区主要为起源亏损地幔的新元古代新生地壳物质的部分熔融。结合区域构造背景和前人研究成果,认为本文锡铁山花岗斑岩形成于柴达木地块与祁连地块碰撞后伸展的大地构造环境。 相似文献
7.
江西大湖塘中生代花岗岩的成因与构造指示意义:年代学、矿物化学、地球化学与Lu Hf同位素制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江西大湖塘地区发育多期次与钨、铜、钼多金属成矿关系密切的中生代花岗岩。本文对该地区出露的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母花岗斑岩进行矿物化学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素研究。其中似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩样品的成岩年龄分别为145.6±1.4 Ma(昆山岩体)、148.4±2.4 Ma(燕子崖岩体中部)和145.7±2.9 Ma(燕子崖岩体边部);黑云母花岗斑岩成岩时代为143.7±2.4 Ma(狮尾洞岩体),四者的继承锆石均来自新元古代花岗岩源区。岩石地球化学特征显示主量元素特征相似,似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母花岗斑岩普遍高硅(SiO_2分别为72.37%～73.33%和70.16%～73.8%);富铝,二者铝饱和指数A/CNK分别为1.23～1.47和1.30～3.02,均属过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,而稀土、微量元素特征存在明显差异,其中似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩轻重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb)_N平均为26.18,Eu负异常明显,稀土元素配分曲线呈明显右倾型,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Cs、Rb、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Zr、Nb、Ti、Y,低Ba、Sr;而黑云母花岗斑岩轻重稀土分馏不显著,(La/Yb)_N平均为9.76,Eu负异常明显,稀土元素配分曲线呈"海鸥型",并显示"M"型四分组效应,微量元素富集LILE,亏损HFSE。似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-7.39～-5.19,两阶段模式年龄(T_(DM2))为1.53～1.67 Ga。综合分析表明,大湖塘晚侏罗世似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩应产于古太平洋板块向华南板块俯冲的构造背景之下,由中上地壳的新元古代黑云母花岗闪长岩部分熔融形成;而早白垩世黑云母花岗斑岩形成于古太平洋板块向华南板块俯冲—俯冲后伸展的构造转换背景之下,由于软流圈地幔上涌,诱发上地壳新元古代黑云母二长花岗岩部分熔融,且在结晶分异过程中还受到富Cl流体的交代。 相似文献
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上黑龙江盆地虎拉林金矿床位于兴蒙造山带东段大兴安岭北部额尔古纳微地块北缘,夹持于蒙古鄂霍茨克缝合带与得尔布干断裂之间,其矿体主要赋存于隐爆角砾岩中,与早白垩世岩浆活动形成的花岗斑岩、石英斑岩关系密切。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得花岗斑岩岩体结晶年龄为141.7±1.1 Ma(MSWD=0.086)、石英斑岩(2件)岩体结晶年龄为144.9±0.56Ma(MSWD=0.580)和142.6±0.74 Ma(MSWD=0.077),两者均为早白垩世岩浆活动产物。两岩体锆石ε_(Hf)(t)分别介于-4.14～0.16、-2.25～1.37,且大部分数据位于球粒陨石演化线之下,两阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))分别为987.08～1259.04 Ma、908.38～1138.56 Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示,花岗斑岩w(SiO_2)为66.21%～66.70%,w(Al_2O_3)为15.18%～15.45%,w(Na_2O+K_2O)为7.56%～8.17%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.03～1.06,显示弱过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩序列;石英斑岩w(SiO_2)为66.34%～68.25%,w(Al_2O_3)为13.77%～15.05%,w(Na_2O+K_2O)为6.76%～9.06%,在SiO_2-K_2O图解中,落入钾玄岩序列范围内。花岗斑岩、石英斑岩ΣREE分别为71.07×10~(-6)～97.92×10~(-6)、135.53×10~(-6)～156.15×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N分别为24.87～26.81、31.33～40.62,均表现轻稀土(LREE)相对富集、重稀土(HREE)相对亏损的右倾曲线特征,且轻、重稀土分馏明显;δEu分别为0.65～0.88、0.41～0.50,后者较前者铕负异常明显;两岩体均相对富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素(LILEs)、LREE及U等不相容元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素(HFSEs)。岩石成因类型判别图显示上黑龙江盆地虎拉林早白垩世侵入岩为Ⅰ型花岗岩,形成于蒙古-中朝大陆与西伯利亚大陆后碰撞环境,由挤压转为伸展的构造背景下,可能是蒙古-鄂霍茨克造山带陆陆碰撞期间加厚古老地壳拆沉、部分熔融,并受到幔源物质或新生地壳熔融混染的产物,进而限制了蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋至少在144.9Ma以前已经完全闭合。 相似文献
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滁州冶山地区研究程度较低,前人研究认为金牛岩体属于冶山岩体的边缘相,本次对金牛岩体开展独立研究。金牛侵入岩锆石U-Pb定年结果为(129±2)Ma,属于早白垩世早期。锆石原位Hf同位素分析显示,具有较均一的负εHf(t)值(-2.82~-6.52)和较古老的地壳模式年龄tDMC(1360~1600 Ma)。金牛岩体为碱性(σ:5.08~5.74)、准铝质(A/CNK:0.803~0.844)岩石,具有较强的轻重稀土元素分异、无明显-弱负Eu异常、相对富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素,明显亏损重稀土元素和高强场元素的特点,综合对比冶山岩体,认为金牛岩体与冶山岩体同期不同源。结合区域构造演化特征及岩石地球化学、Hf同位素特征,金牛岩体很可能为来源于富集岩石圈地幔的富水底侵基性岩浆与古老下地壳部分熔融形成的岩浆混合的产物,其源动力与太平洋板块的俯冲有关。 相似文献
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为了研究柴北缘大柴旦地区在华力西期构造演化特征,对大柴旦地区滩间山花岗斑岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学以及Hf同位素的研究.花岗斑岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,该岩体形成于晚泥盆世(356.0±2.8 Ma,MSWD=0.53).地球化学分析显示花岗斑岩属于中钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列,A/CNK值为0.97~1.10,属弱过铝质,为I型花岗岩,富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Ba、Rb)和轻稀土元素(LREE)以及Th、U,相对亏损高场强元素(如Ta、Nb、Ti、P).岩石的εHf(t)值和二阶段模式年龄(TDM2)分别介于±5.43~±8.38和1 017~1 284 Ma之间.上述特征表明,滩间山花岗斑岩的原始岩浆源于中元古代新增生陆壳的部分熔融.综合区域地质演化背景,认为滩间山花岗斑岩形成于柴达木地块与南祁连地块碰撞后伸展构造环境. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献