共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Analytical and Numerical Study of the Mechanics of Rockbolt Reinforcement around Tunnels in Rock Masses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. Carranza-Torres 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(2):175-228
Summary This paper addresses the problem of quantifying the mechanical contribution of rockbolts installed systematically around tunnels
excavated in rock masses. The mechanical contribution referred to here is that of increased stress confinement and decreased
tunnel convergences as compared with corresponding stresses and displacements obtained for non-reinforced tunnels. The problem
is treated analytically first by presenting a closed-form solution for stress and displacement distributions around a circular
tunnel excavated in elastic material and reinforced by grouted or anchored rockbolts. The analytical solution assumes that
rockbolts are regularly spaced around the tunnel and that axi-symmetry conditions of geometry and loading apply. The results
obtained with the closed-form solution are shown to be equivalent to the results of the same problem solved with traditional
numerical methods. Based on the analytical and numerical results and by introducing dimensionless ratios that allow to quantify
the increase of radial stresses and the decrease of radial displacements in the reinforced region of the tunnel, the paper
shows that reinforcement can have a significant mechanical effect (i.e., increasing the confinement and decreasing the convergences)
in tunnels excavated in rock masses of poor to very poor quality. The paper analyzes then the mechanical contribution of rockbolt
reinforcement when the rock mass is assumed to behave elasto-plastically. For this case, it is shown that rockbolt reinforcement
can also have a critical effect in controlling the extent of the plastic failure zone and the convergences of the tunnel.
Correspondence: C. Carranza-Torres, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Duluth Campus, 1305 Ordean Court,
Duluth, USA 相似文献
2.
In this paper a coupled finite and boundary element formulation is developed for the analysis of excavation in jointed rock. The presence of joints in the rock mass has been included implicitly by treating it as an appropriate anisotropic elastic continuum. The boundary element formulation for an anisotropic medium is briefly discussed. Good agreement has been found between numerical and analytical solutions for several example problems, demonstrating the accuracy of the present formulation. Numerical solutions are also presented for the problems of a deep circular tunnel and a basement excavated in a variety of jointed rock masses. 相似文献
3.
随着深部地下洞室的大量兴建,深部开挖过程中开挖破坏区的形成及其预测成为国内外岩石力学研究的焦点。本文首先对硬岩破坏过程的力学特性进行了分析,在此基础上对当前岩石力学工程界惯常采用的连续介质模型和粘聚力弱化-摩擦强度强化（CWFS）模型进行了比较;利用岩土工程分析软件FLAC,采用理想弹塑性、弹脆塑性、应变软化及CWFS模型对加拿大Mine-by Experiment圆形试验洞室进行了数值分析,通过对围岩应力分布、关键点应力大小和塑性区分布的对比分析,发现CWFS模型计算得到的应力场更能准确反映破坏区产生后应力向围岩深部转移并集中的特征;这一应力分布特征与开挖破坏区不存在时的结果更接近;与其它模型相比,CWFS模型计算得到的破坏区范围和深度更大,与现场实测值更加吻合。最后采用CWFS模型对挪威Kobbskaret公路隧道破坏区大小进行了计算分析,再次验证了采用CWFS模型对硬岩开挖破坏区预测的合理性。 相似文献
4.
深埋洞室岩体开挖过程中,围岩应变能的聚集和释放是洞室发生灾变破坏的重要诱因。针对圆形洞室开挖,分析和比较初始地应力准静态和动态两种不同卸载方式下围岩应变能的调整过程,基于能量角度判定了围岩损伤范围。研究表明：伴随地下洞室的开挖,岩体能量靠径向应力做功的方式在围岩中由远及近传递,并导致近区围岩应变能聚集;初始地应力动态卸载诱发围岩应变能先减小后增大,先对靠近开挖面的相邻岩体通过径向应力做功的方式释放自身的应变能,随着卸载应力波的继续向前传播,远离开挖面的相邻岩体又通过径向应力对其做功的方式促使其应变能聚集;相比初始地应力准静态卸载,动态卸载条件下高应变能聚集程度导致围岩损伤破坏范围更大。 相似文献
5.
松散堆积体隧道围岩变形破坏细观特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隧道穿越复杂松散堆积体地层时,如何确保隧道施工过程的安全是工程人员普遍关心的课题。依托云南省罗打拉隧道,基于Monte Carlo随机原理,结合数字图像处理技术,建立了考虑接触面单元及抗拉强度的堆积体地层隧道开挖细观结构模型,并探讨了隧道开挖引起的堆积体围岩变形、破坏过程以及失稳机制,并在现场进行应用验证。研究结果表明,构建的堆积体地层隧道开挖细观结构模型可有效反映隧道开挖过程中围岩的破坏过程,围岩位移等值线呈波动性与非对称性分布;围岩破坏以剪切破坏为主,局部存在拉裂?剪切复合破坏,且破坏区由边缘块石尖端向深层逐步扩展,形成包裹块石的剪切楔形区及拉剪松动圈,在施工扰动下易发生局部失稳。针对堆积体地层破坏特征,提出了围岩注浆加固措施,地层加固后土石颗粒间胶结良好,开挖轮廓周边形成有效的注浆加固圈,开挖支护过程围岩变形可控,支护结构稳定,效果良好,可为后续类似松散堆积体地层隧道的设计、施工提供新思路。 相似文献
6.
隧道围岩非线性体积膨胀影响施工安全,如何正确评价隧道围岩塑性区域内扩容机制非常重要。多数研究从理论上推导深埋圆形隧洞应变软化围岩应力-应变场时仅采用恒定或线性变化剪胀模型,针对此不足,提出了一种基于有限差分法的分析方法,能够合理地考虑围岩非线性剪胀效应及其应变软化特性。利用已有的研究成果,验证了该方法的合理性,并进一步探讨了不同质量石灰岩与支护压力下剪胀系数在围岩塑性区域内的影响因素,比较了恒定与非线性变化剪胀模型下围岩变形的不同。结果表明:对于地质强度指标(GSI)较小、质量较差的岩体,塑性区域内主要由围压控制剪胀效应程度;恒定与非线性变化剪胀模型下围岩洞壁变形差别显著。 相似文献
7.
Antonio Bobet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(2):149-167
Closed-form solutions for displacements and stresses of both the liner and the rock are presented for a deep circular tunnel
excavated in transversely anisotropic rock above or below the water table subjected to static or seismic loading. The solutions
are obtained with the assumption of elastic response of rock and liner, tied contact between rock and liner, impermeable liner,
plane strain conditions along the tunnel axis and simultaneous excavation, and liner installation. The liner of a tunnel placed
below the water table must support, in addition to the rock stresses, the full water pressure, while a tunnel located above
the water table must support only the rock pressures. The solutions presented for static loading show, however, that displacements
and stresses of the liner and rock are the same when the tunnel is placed above or below the water table as long as the total
far-field stresses are the same. With rapid loading, e.g. seismic loading, excess pore pressures may be generated in saturated
rock, which induce a different response than that of a tunnel excavated in dry rock. The analyses indicate that stresses and
displacements are more uniform when excess pore pressures are produced, which seems to indicate that pore pressure generation
tends to reduce non-uniform response in anisotropic rock. 相似文献
8.
利用相似材料模拟方法,借助数字散斑观测技术,对深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向进行试验研究。分析考虑材料强度、开挖速度和支护作用影响下的岩爆发生和破坏规律,寻求岩爆发生与深埋隧道变形破坏之间内在的联系。试验结果与现场实际发生岩爆强度较高的岩石类型花岗岩、闪长岩等相比,破坏特征相似,且围岩强度越高,岩爆发生可能性越大;在高地应力状态和完整岩体中开挖速度对岩爆的发生影响较大;锚网支护对隧道围岩变形有一定的控制作用,也可一定程度上避免岩爆发生。支护试验结果与现场实际支护效果一致,随支护强度提高,隧道抵抗力增加,整体变形减小、稳定性提高。所得试验结论为深埋隧道的合理设计和安全开挖提供技术指导和理论依据,对革新深埋隧道开挖技术和支护技术具有重要的意义 相似文献
9.
针对深埋隧道工程建设所面临的软岩大变形、岩爆、活动性断裂带、高温高湿以及隧道进出口高边坡5大主要工程问题,首先提出了一种新的适用于深埋隧道围岩大变形的支护理论——开挖补偿法,并研发了深埋隧道灾变防控核心材料——NPR锚杆/索。然后,针对性地提出了深埋隧道不同工程问题的防控对策和建议,主要包括软岩大变形隧道NPR锚网索高预紧力补偿技术、岩爆隧道能量吸收补偿技术、活动性断裂带隧道双梯度注浆强度补偿技术和NPR锚网索桁架耦合支护技术、高温高湿隧道双隔双控技术以及隧道进出口高边坡NPR锚索防治-加固-监测-预警一体化双补偿控制技术。最后,结合具体的实际工程,对深埋隧道的灾变防控应用效果进行说明,以期为未来深埋隧道工程防灾减灾提供参考和依据。 相似文献
10.
Analysis of flow path around the sealing section HG-A experiment in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wenjie Xu Hua Shao Paul Marschall Jürgen Hesser Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(7):3363-3380
As part of the HG-A experiment in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory, large-scale in situ water/gas injection experiments was conducted in a microtunnel. This research work focuses on the numerical analysis of the experimental data and the in situ observations. Concerning a temporary change of the hydromechanical properties of Opalinus Clay during experimental operations, three phases were numerically interpreted. These included the generation of excavation damaged zone during tunnel excavation, in which highly permeable flow paths around the tunnel have been formed; the self-sealing effect during water tests; and the pressure evolution during a long-term gas injection test. A coupled two-phase flow and mechanics model, taking into account the strong anisotropic properties of Opalinus Clay, was developed to interpret the measured data. The hydraulic anisotropy was described by a transversely isotropic permeability tensor. An elasto-plastic model was established to consider both stiffness anisotropy and strength anisotropy. Anisotropic plasticity was studied using the microstructure tensor method. 相似文献
11.
岩溶隧道开挖对溶洞处治结构影响的数值模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合清连高速公路白须公特大岩溶隧道施工过程,采用三维有限元软件(ANSYS)对白须公隧道的处治结构与隧道开挖的相互作用进行了数值模拟。以隧道开挖中处治结构和围岩稳定性为研究对象,从而分析处治结构在隧道开挖过程中的受力特性,以及隧道围岩在隧道开挖过程中的位移。通过计算结果,对处治结构在岩溶隧道中的支护效果进行了评价,采用桩-承台-单边支撑墙-联系梁的处治方式是安全可靠的。在隧道开挖过程中,开挖面附近的桩基应变、支撑墙压力都加速变大,随后逐渐稳定,说明处治结构承担了一部分围岩压力,在岩溶隧道施工开挖中发挥了重要作用。分析结果与工程实测数据比较吻合,可为隧道穿越大型溶洞提供设计和施工方面的借鉴和参考。 相似文献
12.
Manuel Rocha Medal Recipient Simulating the Time-dependent Behaviour of Excavations in Hard Rock 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
D. F. Malan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2002,35(4):225-254
Summary
Although hard rock is not usually associated with large creep deformation, data collected from the tunnels and stopes of the
deep South African gold mines illustrates significant time-dependent behaviour. Apart from application in mining, a better
understanding of the time-dependent behaviour of crystalline rock is required to analyse the long term stability of nuclear
waste repositories and to design better support for deep civil engineering tunnels in these rock types. To illustrate the
subtle problems associated with using viscoelastic theory to simulate the time-dependent behaviour of hard rock, a viscoelastic
convergence solution for the incremental enlargement of a tabular excavation is discussed. Data on the time-dependent deformation
of a tunnel developed in hard rock further illustrates the limitations of the theory, as it is unable to simulate the fracture
zone around these excavations. To simulate the rheology of the fracture zone, a continuum viscoplastic approach was developed
and implemented in a finite difference code. This proved more successful in modelling the time-dependent closure of stopes
and squeezing conditions in hard rock tunnels. A continuum approach, however, has limitations in areas where the squeezing
behaviour is dominated by the time-dependent behaviour of prominent discontinuities such as bedding planes. To overcome this
problem, a viscoplastic displacement discontinuity technique was developed. This, combined with a tessellation approach, leads
to more realistic modelling of the time-dependent behaviour of the fracture zone around excavations.
Received January 15, 2002; accepted June 3, 2002 Published online September 2, 2002 相似文献
13.
The ground response to tunnel excavation is usually described in terms of the characteristic line of the ground (also called ‘ground response curve’, GRC), which relates the support pressure to the displacement of the tunnel wall. Under heavily squeezing conditions, very large convergences may take place, sometimes exceeding 10–20% of the excavated tunnel radius, whereas most of the existing formulations for the GRC are based on the infinitesimal deformation theory. This paper presents an exact closed‐form analytical solution for the ground response around cylindrical and spherical openings unloaded from isotropic and uniform stress states, incorporating finite deformations and linearly elastic‐perfectly plastic rock behaviour obeying the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion with a non‐associated flow rule. Additionally, the influence of out‐of‐plane stress in the case of cylindrical cavities under plane‐strain conditions is examined. The solution is presented in the form of dimensionless design charts covering the practically relevant parameter range. Finally, an application example is included with reference to a section of the Gotthard Base tunnel crossing heavily squeezing ground. The expressions derived can be used for preliminary convergence assessments and as valuable benchmarks for finite strain numerical analyses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
This paper presents a coupled, elastoplastic, finite element and boundary element method for the two-dimensional, non-linear analysis of anisotropic jointed rock. The non-linear and anisotropic behaviour of a jointed rock mass is simulated by representing the mass as an equivalent anisotropic, elastoplastic continuum, so that the influence of the jointing system is ‘smeared’ across the continuum, i.e. the individual joints are not modelled as discrete entities. Numerical examples have been solved to verify the capability, accuracy and efficiency of the present technique. The proposed technique has also been applied to the analysis of tunnel excavation problems in plane strain. The effects of anisotropy and non-linearity of the jointed rock mass during excavation have been investigated in some detail. 相似文献
15.
各向异性初始应力状态下圆柱孔扩张理论弹塑性分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
传统的圆柱孔扩张理论假定初始应力为各向同性的。在城市地下管道的铺设、隧道工程等的水平掘进施工过程中,圆柱孔受到的初始竖向应力不等于初始水平应力,并不满足各向同性初始应力条件。考虑土体的各向异性初始应力条件,假定土体满足Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,推导了各向异性初始应力状态下的圆柱孔扩张问题弹塑性解答。算例计算结果表明：土性参数一定时,在相同内压力作用下,各向异性初始应力状态下的圆柱孔扩张形成的塑性区半径大于各向同性初始应力状态下的圆柱孔扩张的塑性区半径,但前者的极限扩孔压力小于后者。 相似文献
16.
Numerical Modelling of the Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour of Opalinus Clay at the Laboratory-Scale Using FEM/DEM 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Andrea Lisjak Bryan S. A. Tatone Giovanni Grasselli Tim Vietor 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):187-206
The Opalinus Clay (OPA) is an argillaceous rock formation selected to host a deep geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste in Switzerland. It has been shown that the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) in this formation is heavily affected by the anisotropic mechanical response of the material related to the presence of bedding planes. In this context, the purpose of this study is twofold: (i) to illustrate the new developments that have been introduced into the combined finite-discrete element method (FEM/DEM) to model layered materials and (ii) to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new modelling approach in simulating the short-term mechanical response of OPA at the laboratory-scale. A transversely isotropic elastic constitutive law is implemented to account for the anisotropic elastic modulus, while a procedure to incorporate a distribution of preferentially oriented defects is devised to capture the anisotropic strength. Laboratory results of indirect tensile tests and uniaxial compression tests are used to calibrate the numerical model. Emergent strength and deformation properties, together with the simulated damage mechanisms, are shown to be in strong agreement with experimental observations. Subsequently, the calibrated model is validated by investigating the effect of confinement and the influence of the loading angle with respect to the specimen anisotropy. Simulated fracture patterns are discussed in the context of the theory of brittle rock failure and analyzed with reference to the EDZ formation mechanisms observed at the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory. 相似文献
17.
融化作用下多年冻土隧道围岩的弹塑性解及其与支护的相互作用分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多年冻土隧道修建中,施工活动产生的热量将导致多年冻土围岩中出现一定范围的融化圈,进而影响支护的受力以及隧道洞室的收敛。将围岩分为融化区和未融化区,将融化区围岩视为弹塑性介质,未融化区围岩视为弹性介质,建立并求解融化作用下多年冻土隧道围岩弹塑性模型,对不同的围岩条件及支护工况下多年冻土段隧道施工中围岩与支护的相互作用进行分析。结果表明,该模型表现了融化作用下多年冻土围岩与支护相互作用的特征;在较差围岩中,喷射混凝土支护的强度是控制融化作用下多年冻土围岩稳定以及隧道周边位移量的关键因素。在多年冻土隧道施工中,可采用本模型确定施工中容许的最大围岩融化深度,施工中应采取有效措施避免围岩中出现过大的融化圈。 相似文献
18.
Two headrace tunnels and the drainage tunnel were excavated by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in Jinping II Hydropower Station. During TBM excavation, two types of slabbing failure were encountered in these deep buried marble tunnels. One is rock bursting and the other is non-violent slabbing. In order to study the rock burst and slabbing failure, a unique true triaxial rock burst test was carried out to simulate the rock burst process with different in situ stresses. Four rock samples in different marble layers were obtained in the site, and then four experiments are conducted under the same stressed conditions as the in situ field. The rock burst process and slabbing failure phenomena of the four experiments are in good accordance with the observations of corresponding excavation site. The failure modes of slabbing and rock burst in different rock groups can be predicted based on the experiments. The influence of the slabbing and rock burst failure on TBM excavation is analyzed in depth. Non-violent slabbing is beneficial to the rock breakage process. Rock burst with violent slabbing process greatly affects the tunnel support, cutter and cutterhead damage, gripper movement and force and so on. 相似文献
19.
Summary The visco-plastic behaviour of rocks plays a relevant role in the tunnelling works, especially for deep tunnels subjected
to large initial stresses for which squeezing conditions may develop. A rheological model is discussed that accounts for visco-elastic
(primary) and visco-plastic (secondary) contributions to rock creep. The effects of tertiary creep are included in the model
by way of a gradual mechanical damage governed by the cumulated visco-plastic strains. The parameters of the intact rock are
first identified based on laboratory test results presented in the literature. Then, after scaling them to those of the rock
mass, the potential applicability of the model is tested through axisymmetric and plane strain finite element analyses of
the full face excavation of a deep circular tunnel. The results are discussed with particular reference to the short term
redistribution of stresses around the opening and to its convergence. The analyses show the relevant influence of tertiary
creep on the tunnel closure. In addition, those based on an axisymmetric scheme turn out to be crucial for the correct long
term prediction of the interaction between the rock mass and the supporting structure of the opening. 相似文献
20.
岩溶区隧道围岩--支护体系稳定性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
岩溶是地下水地质作用的过程和结果，是隧道建设面临的不良地质现象之一。正在建设中的某高速公路隧道出口段岩溶地质作用强烈，溶隙、孔洞发育，且受构造变形及后期淋滤溶蚀作用强烈，力学强度低，岩性复杂。其角砾状粘土岩和水云母粘土岩多已泥化成粘土，遇水易膨胀。岩溶区隧道围岩——支护体系的稳定性是该隧道建设面临的主要问题。文章结合隧道施工过程中的围岩变形监控量测和三维弹塑性有限元数值仿真模拟对隧道围岩——支护体系的稳定性进行了研究。围岩水平收敛和拱顶下沉位移及速率变化特性表明，在监测时段内隧道围岩无趋于稳定的迹象。施工动态力学数值仿真模拟表明，在初期支护条件下，围岩出现了较大范围的塑性破坏区，两隧道之间(间距45．0m)围岩破坏接近度达到0．70，最大竖向位移达到3．0mm，表明隧道全断面施工时，两隧道相互作用影响程度较大。为确保隧道围岩——支护体系的稳定，选择合理的施工方法，制定切实可行的支护方案提供了信息。 相似文献