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1.
为研究火山岩地区土壤中营养元素的浓度水平及其空间分布特征,选取黑龙江五大连池卧虎山农场为研究区,系统采集41件表层土壤样品,测试分析氮、磷、钾等植物营养元素以及有机质、pH值等15项指标,绘制元素地球化学图,掌握了该区营养元素含量的空间分布特征。根据相关标准,评价土壤中营养元素的丰缺水平。结果表明:(1)研究区为酸性土壤,土壤营养元素含量总体丰足,只有硼含量稍缺或缺乏;(2)土壤营养元素具有明显的空间分布规律,以卧虎山北部含量较高、跃进水库附近较低为特征;(3)研究区为温暖湿润条件下的中等化学风化,伴随着成土作用营养元素持续从岩石释放到土壤中,且有机质对土壤营养元素具有良好的吸附性。本研究为当地农业生产中养分的合理利用和农业种植规划提供了第一手数据资料。  相似文献   

2.
研究目的】为仁怀市农业生产中土壤养分的合理利用、农业结构调整及土地利用价值的提升等提供科学依据。【研究方法】本文利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、容量法及电位法获取了5486件表层土壤样品氮磷钾(全量和有效态)及有机质的含量,系统研究了其地球化学特征及含量影响因素。【研究结果】仁怀市耕地土壤氮、磷、钾、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾的平均值分别为1.74 g/kg、0.75 g/kg、19.90 g/kg、30.90 g/kg、100.28 mg/kg、10.40 mg/kg和101.03 mg/kg。其中,氮、碱解氮、磷、钾及有机质的含量及分布与地层关系密切;速效磷及速效钾的含量及分布与地层关系较差。仁怀市耕地土壤肥力较好,以较丰富等级为主,较丰富及丰富等级占比为57.6%。其中,氮、磷及钾皆处于丰富水平;碱解氮及有机质处于中等水平;速效磷及速效钾处于缺乏水平。【结论】仁怀市耕地土壤养分的含量及分布不仅受地质背景、土壤类型、海拔高度、酸碱度及土壤深度等自然因素影响,还与土地利用方式等人为活动有关。创新点:系统统计了仁怀市耕地土壤氮磷钾(全量和有效态)及有机质的含量,对其地球化学等级开展了评价,并系统分析了它们的含量影响因素。耕地土壤养分的含量及分布不仅受地质背景、土壤类型等自然因素影响,还与土地利用方式等人为活动有关。  相似文献   

3.
This study investigates the stratigraphical sequence of Cocina Cave (Spain) employing and testing for the first time the capability of rare earth elements as markers of human activities in caves. Located in Dos Aguas (Valencian Community, Spain), Cocina Cave is characterized by the presence of several Holocene archaeological deposits from the final Mesolithic to the present day and is a pivotal site for understanding the socio-ecological dynamics of the last hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and the transition to pastoral and agricultural economies in the Western Mediterranean. However, the identification of strata from particular time-periods in the cave is often difficult due to the homogeneity of layers, the poor archaeological record in some strata and the presence of severe disturbance phenomena. The methodological approach of this study consisted of cross-referencing rare earth elements and other chemical markers with the archaeological stratigraphical interpretation, in an attempt to not only support the identification of the anthropic contribution to the formation of Cocina Cave strata, but also to characterize and confirm different natural and occupational episodes, particularly those associated with hunter-gatherer, early agriculturalist, and shepherd activities. Sediments were collected from different excavation areas and analysed for major elements, trace elements, rare earth elements (REE), soil organic matter (SOM) amounts and pH. Multivariate statistics were employed to group samples according to their elemental profile, and these were then compared to the archaeological temporal interpretation. The obtained results showed that REE amount and fractionation geochemical processes were regulated by carbonates, phosphates and pH. The use of REE as markers was particularly useful as their concentrations and their calculated ratios and anomaly distributions were demonstrated to be highly consistent with the archaeological stratigraphical interpretation.  相似文献   

4.
Plants play an important role in soil phosphorus nutrition. However, the effect of plants on phosphorus nutrition in soils of the Loess Plateau of China is not well understood. This study was conducted to reveal the relationships between plants and phosphorus’ fractions and availability in the Loess Plateau of China. Twenty-two plant communities were surveyed and soil samples under different plant canopies were collected for the determination of soil properties and inorganic phosphorus fractionation. The results showed that Leguminosae and Lilaceae reduced pH and increased organic matter, cation exchange capacity, total and Olsen phosphorus in soils under their canopies, while Labiatae and Rosaceae increased pH and decreased organic matter, cation exchange capacity, total and Olsen phosphorus in soils under their canopies. The contents of Ca2P, Ca8P, Al-P and Fe-P were highly related with soil Olsen phosphorus. They were all higher in soils under Leguminosae and Lilaceae and lower in soils under Labiatae and Rosaceae. The results of this study indicate that Leguminosae and Lilaceae improved phosphorus nutrition in soils, yet Labiatae and Rosaceae impeded the improvement of phosphorus nutrition in soils under their canopies, which will be of more help to instruct vegetation restoration in the region and provide information for soil development.  相似文献   

5.
The high phosphorus levels cause the release of phosphorus from soils, thereby increasing the potential for phosphorus export to adjacent water bodies. The loss of phosphorus from soils to surface waters is a major source of water quality impairment. Therefore, soil phosphorus immobilization seems necessary. In this study, red mud (RM) was employed to immobilize phosphorus in a typical agricultural soil. It was found that phosphorus was effectively immobilized by RM. Batch leaching experiments showed that RM reduced phosphorus release from 14.38 to 2.56 mg/kg when soil was amended with 1% RM. Column leaching experiments showed that RM reduced the total amount of phosphorus released from 36.73 to 18.79 mg/kg during the investigated period. Sequential chemical extraction results indicated that RM amendment transformed H2O-P into more stable fractions. The results suggested that application of RM amendment to soils could significantly immobilize soluble phosphorus, reducing phosphorus release to the environment.  相似文献   

6.
Multi‐element archives housed within archaeological soils and sediments are useful for identifying ancient human activities invisible to routine methodologies. These records, however, are rarely studied in the Canadian Arctic. Contributing to this area of research, we address the fundamental issue of isolating natural and anthropogenic multi‐element signatures in archaeological soils from the region. We specifically investigated the element record in the soil system at the Ikirahak site, a Taltheilei hunter‐gatherer camp in southern Nunavut that was established roughly 2000 years ago. Ikirahak soils displayed high potential for the preservation of anthropogenic element additions. This owes to the fine textures, high cation adsorbance capacities and acidic pH levels of the local soils, as well as the absence of processes such as brunification and solifluction. Multi‐element characterization was accomplished using x‐ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma ‐ mass spectroscopy. Several locations with anomalous concentrations were pinpointed using enrichment factors. Natural and anthropogenic signals were untangled using categorical principal components analysis of a mixed quantitative/qualitative data set comprised of the element concentrations and contextual information such as the presence of specific archaeological materials, organic matter content, and vegetation communities. Results indicated that enrichments in CaO, P2O5, Ba, Fe2O3, MnO, Cu and Sc across the site relate to the disposal of burned refuse that was produced in pit‐house hearths. Concentrations of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs (alkali metals), Mg and Sr (alkaline earths), Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo and Hf (transition metals), Al, Ga and Pb (post‐transition metals), and La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu (rare earths) were linked to esker and lacustrine parent sediments.  相似文献   

7.
8.
Xiaojiang watershed is a typical karst agricultural region of Yunan Province, China. A case study of land-use changes documents changes of soil properties from 1982 to 2003. The results are as follows: (1) The total land use transformed covers 610.12 km2, of which land use changed from unused land into cultivated land and forestland, and forestland into cultivated land during the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed. (2) The rapid growth of population and economic development were the main driving forces of cultivated land increase. (3) Soil properties showed modification owing to different land-use changes. The contents of the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in 2003 were significantly lower than that in 1982 after the forestland and unused land were transformed into the cultivated land, but the soil pH increased significantly in 2003. Organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus for shorter-time reforestation land declined, but the pH increased. Soil properties have improved significantly after cropland was transformed into orchard land. The organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus declined significantly, but pH increased significantly after rock desertification.  相似文献   

9.
土壤有机氮矿化是供应无机氮的主导过程,研究其变化对于认识土壤氮素有效性和指导氮肥施用具有重要意义。本研究分别在云南建水、蒙自和勐腊岩溶区选取脐橙地、玉米地和橡胶地作为研究对象,并以临近未受人为扰动的草地或原始林地作为对照,采用15N同位素标记方法,研究了岩溶区草地或原始林地开垦种植农作物后石灰土有机氮矿化(MNorg)速率变化,并区分了易分解有机氮矿化(MNlab)和难分解有机氮矿化(MNrec)对MNorg的贡献。结果表明,原始林地土壤MNorg (8.94 mg N?kg-1 d-1)显著高于草地(1.41~2.46 mg N?kg-1 d-1),且均以MNlab为主。其中,草地MNlab对MNorg贡献率可达80.6%~93.1%,而在原始林地中该贡献率达到62.2%。岩溶区草地或林地开垦种植经济作物显著降低MNorg速率,其MNorg速率为0.53~0.89 mg N?kg-1 d-1,下降比例达62.5%~90.1%。这种差异主要受MNlab和MNrec影响,由草地开垦种植脐橙和玉米后土壤MNorg下降主要归于MNlab速率下降,而MNrec并未发生显著变化;原始林地开垦种植橡胶后土壤MNorg下降主要归于MNlab和MNrec速率的共同下降。岩溶区草地或原始林地开垦种植农作物后土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钙和全镁含量及土壤田间持水量、pH、阳离子交换量均显著降低,且与土壤MNorg和MNlab呈显著正相关,表明农业种植对土壤理化性质的改变是影响矿化速率的重要因素。   相似文献   

10.
对于人为因素或自然因素造成的农田土壤重金属元素污染,需要进行大面积的土壤环境质量调查和分类管控,然而传统的采样测试方法存在工作量大、代价高等问题。可见—近红外(Vis-NIR)反射光谱是一种快速低成本获取土壤理化信息的手段。为研究Vis-NIR反射光谱预测模型划分土壤重金属污染风险类别的能力,文章以典型人为污染地区(浙江温岭)和典型地质高背景地区(广西横县)的390份农田土壤为样本,测定8种重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)的含量和pH值,并测定土壤Vis-NIR光谱。使用偏最小二乘(PLS)和支持向量机(SVM)算法建立回归模型,对土壤重金属含量和pH值进行预测,并基于预测值进行土壤重金属污染风险分类。结果显示,温岭土壤主要污染元素Cd和Cu的光谱模型回归预测偏差(RPD)分别为1.23和1.19,预测机制与有机质有关。横县土壤主要污染元素As和Cd的RPD分别为1.98和1.93,预测机制与铁氧化物和粘土矿物有关。地质高背景土壤重金属与铁氧化物的正相关性普遍较强,使得光谱模型对重金属含量预测准确度较高。温岭和横县土壤pH值的光谱模型RPD分别为1.76和1.68。土壤重金属污染风险光谱分类的总体 准确度分别为75.0%~100%(温岭)和80.0%~100%(横县)。将Vis-NIR光谱与遥感技术相结合,对农田土壤重金属污染风险进行快速分类总体是可行的。  相似文献   

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