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1.
Physical and thermal treatment of phosphate ores — An overview 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The annual consumption of phosphate rock approached 150 million tons. The marketable phosphate is usually 30% P2O5 or higher. The run-of-mine material is mostly of lower grade which needs processing or upgrading. The processing techniques of phosphate ores depend mostly on the type of associated gangue minerals present in the mined rock. In some cases, simple, inexpensive techniques are enough to produce the required grade. For example, crushing and screening is used to get rid of the coarse hard siliceous material, and attrition scrubbing and desliming is used to remove the clayey fine fraction. If silica is the main gangue material, single-stage or double-stage flotation is the conventional mineral processing technique used in this case. If the ore is igneous carbonatitic alkaline or ultra basic phosphate deposit, crushing, grinding, scrubbing, and flotation associated with other steps such as magnetic and/or gravity separation is proved to be successful in upgrading this type of ore. The sedimentary phosphate ores having carbonate-apatite as the main phosphate minerals and containing carbonates (calcite and/or dolomite) represent a challenge in the field of phosphate concentration due to similarity in the physico-chemical properties of surfaces of the ore constituents. Also, if considerable amount of organic matter constitutes the main gangue material, upgrading of the ore becomes difficult. New flotation systems (techniques and reagents) are being developed to treat these challenging phosphate ores. Furthermore, calcination is another solution for upgrading these difficult-to-treat types of ores. However, calcination is indicted with some controversial drawbacks. This overview discusses and summarizes the State-of-the-Art and the existing efforts to overcome these problems and to produce a high-grade phosphate product suitable for fertilizers and other phosphate compounds. 相似文献
2.
A.-Z.M. Abouzeid A.T. Negm D.A. Elgillani 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,90(1-4):81-89
Sedimentary phosphates contain-besides the phosphate minerals-, various associated gangue minerals such as: clays, silica, calcareous minerals (mainly calcite and dolomite), carbonaceous matter, iron oxides and/or pyrite. The common practiced flow-sheets for concentrating these types of phosphate ores consist of a combination of various mineral processing units such as: crushing and screening, attrition, washing, magnetic separation, and/or flotation. However, none of these combinations was successfully efficient to upgrade the calcareous ores because of the close similarity of the physical properties (density, particle size, particle shape, etc.) as well as the surface physico-chemical properties of the carbonate and phosphate minerals. For the last five decades extensive efforts have been spent to adopt flotation for separating carbonates from phosphate ores. These efforts include thermodynamic analysis, modification of the technique, controlling the pulp environment, and finding new reagents that can specifically differentiate between carbonates and phosphates.This paper reviews some of the published work on the separation of carbonates from phosphate ores by flotation and presents the flotation results of phosphate ore samples different in their physical properties and mineralogical composition. The results obtained reflect the effect of ore nature on the flotation performance and the reagents consumption. 相似文献
3.
云南镇雄地区新发现羊场超大型磷矿沉积环境及资源潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南镇雄羊场磷矿是近年来新发现的超大型磷矿床,隐伏于羊场背斜核部。本文对羊场磷矿的矿床地质特征、成矿背景、沉积环境与沉积相、矿体特征及空间分布等进行了研究,认为矿床形成于早寒武世梅树村期,矿体赋存于梅树村组碳酸盐岩含磷岩系中;沉积环境为浅海碳酸盐台地干热潮坪环境(潮间-潮下带),沉积相为潮间-潮下间歇高能富白云岩、磷块岩相,由北西往南东海水逐渐变深,矿化变弱,矿体总体从聚磷盆地中心向周边有变薄趋势;矿床类型为海相沉积型层状磷块岩矿床。矿床形成过程为上升的海流把富磷的海水带到浅海地带时,由于温度升高和压力降低,使磷以磷酸钙的形式沉积于浅海地带的边缘上,形成规模巨大的磷矿;另外,沉积环境的旋回性变化伴随着生物、化学和物理作用对磷的溶解、迁移、富集和叠加改造再沉积的反复进行,致使磷矿层聚集存在多期和多层结构,矿层变厚矿石品位变富;在成矿后矿体受羊场背斜的叠加改造,使磷矿层再次变富变厚,矿床规模进一步变大。在钻探验证基础上,分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级品圈定了工业磷矿体,并系统估算了羊场磷矿全区控制+推断磷矿石资源量;同时采用综合地质要素法、三维空间定位模型预测法分标高段预测了磷矿石潜在资源,认为羊场地区有望成为世界级磷矿资源基地。通过地层对比和沉积环境特征分析,认为羊场背斜东约20.0 km的芒部背斜,为寻找隐伏磷矿的另一有利地段。 相似文献
4.
In order to ascertain the forms in which uranium is present in ores of the Melovoe rare metal sedimentary deposit of uranium
and rare earth minerals (South Mangyshlak), we investigated a series of typical ore samples that were collected earlier; both
the uranium content and the total content of rare earth metals in them lay within 0.1–0.3%. The study was carried out by analytical
electron microscopy using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, electron microdiffraction, and
microprobing. It was ascertained that both uranium and rare earth elements are present in ore mostly associated with biogenic
phosphate in the form of natural minerals, such as uraninite, ningyoite, coffinite, autenite, and churchite. Iron hydroxides
and graphitized organic matter are present in some samples. It is assumed that the co-occurrence of uranium and rare earth
elements, which is nontypical for the sedimentary process, resulted from secondary epigenetic processes and alternation of
reducing and oxidizing environmental conditions. 相似文献
5.
马元铅锌矿床位于扬子地台北缘,米仓山隆起带东段,是扬子地台周缘地区重要的铅锌矿床之一。矿体赋存于震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩中,矿石中见大量沥青与闪锌矿、方铅矿紧密共伴生。为探讨马元铅锌矿床中有机质对铅锌成矿的作用,对矿床中的沥青、矿石及围岩进行了系统的矿相学、岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼成分分析及碳同位素研究。结果表明: 矿床中有机包裹体发育,且有机包裹体中含有甲烷、乙烷、硫化氢、二氧化碳等组分;包裹体均一温度、沥青的镜质体反射率所计算的演化最大古地温与碳同位素特征显示,矿床中的有机质可能是由震旦系灯影组地层中的古油藏发生热裂解形成,古油藏的热裂解为成矿作用提供了还原环境,并为成矿流体中的金属离子沉淀提供了还原硫。 相似文献
6.
Organic geochemistry and comparisons of characteristics of the organic matter in wall rocks of the ore-controlling strata and ores of the Lower Jurassic Songling black shale formation and the related Songxi silver-antimony deposit of northeastern Guangdong have been studied in this paper.The results show that the Lower Jurassic Songling shale formation is a suite of biologic-rich and organic-rich ore-bearing marine sedimentary rocks.Micro-components of the organic matter in the Songling black shale formation consists primarily of algae,amorphous marine kerogen,solid bitument,and pyrobitument.The thermal evolution of organic matter is at the over-maturity stage.There is a general positive correlation between total organic carbon(CO)and metallogenetic elements such as Ag and Sb in the black shale formation.Organic matter in the host rocks in the Songxi ore deposit played a role in controlling the silver-antimony depositing environment during the forming process of the black shale ore-bearing formation.In the absence of vitrinite,the relative level of thermal maturity calculated by solid bitument reflectance indicates that the ore-forming temperatute of the Songxi silver-antimony deposit was about 150-170℃,which was considered as an epithermally reworked ore deposit.The roles of organic matter in the formation of the Sonxi ore deposit are a primitive accumulation of the metallogenetic elements(Ag,Sb) in the sea-water cycle system for ore source and a concentration of metals by ion exchange of chelation as well as reductionn of the oxidzed metals. 相似文献
7.
Reduction roasting of limonite ores: effect of dehydroxylation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effect of pre-calcination in the reducibility of tropical limonite ore, obtained from New Caledonia, was investigated in this study. A series of reduction tests were carried out with pre-calcined and raw limonite ores. The extent of metallisation was determined from nickel and iron which dissolved in ammoniacal solution. Mineralogical transformations that occurred during reduction were analysed using thermal gravimetric, differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and in situ high temperature synchrotron based X-ray diffraction. Bulk mineral analysis of the raw ore was also obtained using neutron diffraction. This study suggests that there is benefit in the pre-calcination of limonite ores. Pre-calcination of the ores which opens the main gangue mineral structure, goethite, allows a rapid interaction between the reductant gases and the nickel species during reduction. The greater nickel metallisation achieved in reduction of pre-calcined ores resulted in higher dissolved nickel whilst reduced raw limonite showed poorer nickel recovery. Reduction of metal minerals was also accompanied by diffusion of nickel into the reduced iron matrix that resulted in the formation of ferro-nickel alloy (Ni3Fe). The formation of this solid solution was monitored by in situ synchrotron based X-ray diffraction and was also reflected by the lower nickel leachability in ammoniacal solution. It was found that incorporation of nickel into the reduced iron oxide resulting from pre-calcination is significantly less in comparison to the diffusion occurring in reduced raw or uncalcined limonite ores. This effect is prevalent in prolonged reduction periods (greater than 20 min), at higher temperatures (>500 °C) and highly reducing conditions (H2/CO2=1:1). This study showed that optimal nickel recovery can be achieved by controlling the incorporation of nickel into the reduced iron structure by pre-calcination of the limonite ore. 相似文献
8.
Hu Ming''''an 《地球科学》1989,(5)
当碳酸盐类岩石位于地下水的活动带时往往发生岩溶。在云南金顶岩溶作用改造了早第三纪热液期形成的原生铅锌矿石,而金顶穹隆促进这种作用的进行。最后,在岩溶系统中重新形成了岩溶型矿石。碳酸盐岩石的溶蚀改造,既能为其后的成矿作用提供有利的容矿空间,也能提供成矿物质,形成一类特征的矿床——岩溶型矿床。 相似文献
9.
有机质演化与沉积矿床成因(Ⅱ)--煤成烃类与层控矿床 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
成煤物质被埋藏以后,在其煤化作用过程中可生成大量气体烃(即煤成气)与少量液体烃(即煤成油)。按照B. JI.科兹洛夫计算值一吨煤产生的甲烷量，褐煤阶段为68M3，到焦煤达270M3，到无烟煤可超过400M3 相似文献
10.
新桥矿床是长江中下游成矿带铜陵矿集区内典型的大型层控矽卡岩型铜金硫多金属矿床。矿床成矿过程中除了铜、金、铁、硫等主要成矿元素富集成矿以外,钴、硒、碲等关键金属元素也以伴生形式产生了不同程度的富集。前人对新桥矿床开展了大量研究工作,但对矿床中关键金属钴、硒、碲的分布规律、赋存状态和富集机制等方面系统研究尚未开展。本次研究在新桥矿床系统采集距离成矿岩体不同位置的两条代表性剖面(3804、E601)的岩矿石样品,通过光学显微镜观察、扫描电子显微镜、全岩主微量元素化学分析和矿物原位LA-ICP-MS微量成分测试等分析技术方法,查明了矿床中钴、硒、碲等关键金属的空间分布规律和赋存状态,初步探讨了钴、硒、碲的富集机制。新桥矿床中估算伴生Co、Se、Te资源量分别为:2326t、2590t、1463t,达到大-中型规模。近成矿(热)中心3804剖面Co、Se含量自矿体底板→顶板呈逐渐降低的趋势,Te含量变化没有明显规律,Co、Se、Te均主要在黄铁矿矿石中产生富集;远成矿(热)中心E601剖面上Co、Se、Te含量自矿体底板→顶板均呈逐渐降低的趋势,且主要富集高品位黄铁矿矿石中。矿体走向上自成矿(热)中心→远端,Co含量明显降低,Se、Te含量相对增高。矿床中Co、Se主要以类质同象置换的形式赋存于黄铁矿中,Te的赋存状态以独立碲矿物为主,包括辉碲铋矿和碲银矿。Co主要在石英-硫化物阶段产生富集,成矿流体温度较高,流体中Co大部分随黄铁矿沉淀富集于近成矿(热)中心的黄铁矿矿石中,至碳酸盐-硫化物阶段,成矿流体温度降低,流体中Se、Te大部分沉淀富集于远成矿(热)中心的高品位黄铁矿矿石中,其中Se主要随黄铁矿大量沉淀富集,Te较少进入黄铁矿等硫化物中,主要以独立矿物的形式产出。 相似文献
11.
江山铅锌金矿选矿试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对江山铅锌金矿品位低,矿物组成复杂的特点,采用"铅-锌-硫优先浮选,硫(金)精矿氧化焙烧预处理-焙砂氰化浸金"的工艺,金在铅(金)精矿、锌精矿、硫(金)精矿中的总回收率为81.25%。可使硫(金)精矿中96.89%的硫以二氧化硫的形式得到回收,对原矿的回收率为73.25%;金的作业浸出率达84.76%,对原矿的回收率为31.91%;浸渣中的铁品位达57.99%,对原矿的回收率为26.71%。通过试验研究与分析,确定适宜的选矿工艺及药剂制度,为今后合理开发该区矿石提供技术依据。 相似文献
12.
本文依据西北某地一次综合性航空遥感试验取得的多光谱图象、热红外扫描图象和微波辐射等遥感资料,结合室内对岩矿测量的反射率、复合介电系数、等效温度等资料,用目视判释法对该区地质问题进行了研究。提出了热红外遥感资料和微波遥感资料对寻找铁和水资源前途,同时对断裂构造的判释也很有意义。 相似文献
13.
Vasudev Singh Trilok Nath Singh Veerendra Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(7-8):1163-1171
During the mining operation, ore sorting and directing different grade ores to different processing circuits is a manual task in most of working mines, but this work puts a step forward toward automation of this process. The radical development in the area of image and data processing allows speedy processing of the full color digital images for the preferred investigations. In this paper, an approach has been proposed to classify the ores for blast furnace feed, based on the visual texture of the ore particles. The visual texture of ore particles vary with the mineral contents, for example, blue dust, hard ore, soft ore, etc. This information can be quantified by using image processing technique in red, green, and blue color space and first- and second-order statistical analysis. Commonly used Hartlics textural features were calculated along with red, green, and blue color values for 5?×?5-pixel size windowpanes extracted from five separate images. Results obtained show encouraging accuracy to apply the approach to develop an expert system for online ore quality monitoring to control the ore blending in the feed ore circuits as well as separating gangue minerals present in the feed ores. Matlab 6.5 was used for visual textural analysis and classification. 相似文献
14.
15.
四川某金矿是一种难浸金矿，因为矿石中的金被包裹于含铁硫化矿物中，而且含有机炭质物。细菌Hst能有效氧化金矿中的硫化矿物以提高金的浸出率。如果细菌氧化矿石中铁的浸出率大于90％，金几乎完全解离，金的氰化浸出率大于90％。研究表明，该金矿的难浸特性是因为金包裹于含铁硫化矿物中，有机炭质物和粘土矿物对金浸出影响甚微。 相似文献
16.
国外浅变质碎屑岩型金矿床的含矿岩系以含碳和黄铁矿,夹火山物质和热水沉积物,金含量高为特征.在含矿岩系的沉积、成岩过程中,局部可以形成贫金的含矿层,少数情况下以至于形成金矿体.含矿岩系的变质作用可能形成金矿化,或为后来的成矿作用造成有利的物理和化学环境.岩浆作用为成矿作用提供了部分成矿物质,或为改造成矿作用提供热源和动力.金矿床受构造控制,位于地热正异常区,金矿床的形成与热水沉积成矿作用、变质成矿作用、岩浆期后热液成矿作用和大气降水改造成矿作用等有关.超大型浅变质碎屑岩金矿床的形成过程持续时间长,具有多期多阶段的特点.改造成矿作用在超大型浅变质细碎屑岩型金矿床形成中起重要作用,中生代形成的超大型金矿床中,构造岩浆活化作用叠加十分重要. 相似文献
17.
Junussov Medet Ferenc Mádai Ferenc Kristály Tivadar Tóth Krisztián Fintor Gábor Muránszky Ádám Prekob Mária Hámor-Vidó 《中国地球化学学报》2021,40(6):1050-1072
The paper comprises new analytical data on the nature and occurrence of gold in solid pyrobitumen, closely associated with the main gold-bearing sulfide arsenic ores of the Bakyrchik gold deposit (Kazakhstan), related to post-collisional magmatic-hydrothermal origin. Gold mineralization of the deposit occurs mainly in the form of an “invisible” type of gold in the structures of arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite, and the form of gold-organic compounds of pyrobitumen in carbonaceous-terrigenous sequences of Carboniferous formation. Microscopic and electron microscopic analysis, Raman and FT-Infrared analysis, mineralogical and three-step sequential extraction analysis (NH2OH·HCl, H2O2, HNO3 + HCl) has been carried out using 9 ore samples (from 3 different types of ores) for a comprehensive study of pyrobitumen and sulfide arsenic ores focusing mainly on organic matter. The sequentially extracted precious metal content of pyrobitumen reaches up to 7 ppm gold and other metals like Ag 4 ppm, Pt 31 ppb, and Pd 26 ppb, forming metal–organic compounds, while arsenic sulfide minerals incorporate 11 ppm gold, 39 ppm Ag, 0.49 ppm Pt. The enrichment of gold associating with organic matter and sulfide ore minerals was confirmed in this study. Organic matter was active in the migration of gold and the capture of gold by pyrobitumen. Moreover, the reductive organic matter agent released gold, most likely for the sulfide arsenic ore minerals. Pyrobitumen was a decisive factor in the concentration, transportation, and preservation of gold in the deposit.
相似文献18.
构造体制转换的温度场效应及其耦合成矿动力学数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
运用FLAC方法 ,再现了湖南中生代岩石圈构造体制由挤压增厚转换为伸展减薄过程中 ,区域构造应力场和地温场的可能的演化历程 ,探讨了其耦合成矿效应和深部动力学制约。结果表明 :(1)剪切应变带在地壳中纵横交错的分布格局为印支燕山期岩浆底侵和地壳物质部分熔融、成矿物质运移和定位提供了有利条件 ;(2 )构造热体制转换可驱动深部流体活动 (大规模侧向运移或向上运动 ) ,导致壳幔物质活化 ,控制流体循环和水岩作用过程 ,形成热液矿床 ;(3)矿床 (体 )往往赋存于剪切应变、体积应变和温度由极大向极小转换的构造部位 (或时段 ) ,而其极大值和极小值区域 (或时段 )均不利于成矿 ;(4 )由于不同构造部位剪切应变、体积应变和温度场扰动的差异 ,其成矿效应明显不同 ,从而形成金属矿床的韵律性分带结构 ;(5 )这种空间上的分带结构可能反映了其成矿作用时间结构、构造物理化学条件和剥蚀程度的差异 ,印支期W Pb Zn或Sn和Cu矿的形成与中地壳片麻岩类岩石部分熔融关系密切 ,而燕山期Cu Au矿的形成主要与基性岩浆底侵和下地壳物质部分熔融有关 ,并直接受控于该区中生代早期的岩石圈伸展减薄作用。这一认识可为成矿预测提供依据。 相似文献
19.
高砷高锑金矿石属难处理矿石之一，通过对两岔河高砷高锑金矿石采用碱浸预处理后进行堆浸和池浸氰化提金试验，获得了金浸出率76．80％和86．76％的较好指标，为该矿床的开发利用提供了一个工艺简单、经济上可行的途径。 相似文献
20.
M. I. Kuz’min Yu. P. Troshin S. M. Boiko E. A. Razvozzhaeva L. D. Zorina D. Kh. Martikhaeva 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2010,52(3):252-259
The carbonaceous matter filling cavities in sulfide-quartz veins at the Kurultyken hydrothermal base-metal deposit in the
Khapcheranga ore district, Transbaikal region, was studied using chromatography/mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermal
and isotopic analyses, and IR spectroscopy. It was established that carbonaceous matter was a maltha composed of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Chrysene, pyrene, and benzpyrelene identified among PAHs are evidence for the hydrothermal origin
of the initial carbonaceous matter of maltha. The main mass of carbonaceous matter was synthesized under reductive conditions
and at a low temperature, i.e., at the final stage of base-metal ore formation. Nevertheless, the thermometric data indicate
that part of the carbonic compounds could have formed at 480°C, i.e., at the high-temperature stage of the postmagmatic process.
The contribution of host rocks as a source of carbonaceous matter was minimal. 相似文献