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1.
针对甘南黄河水源补给区实施的退牧还草工程,基于"可持续生计框架",建立生计资本指标,利用农户调查资料,测算生态补偿前后农户的生计资本,采用均值比较分析和协方差分析评估生态补偿对农户生计资本的影响,最后提出应建立多样化、差别化的补偿方式,来提高不同地区农户的生计资本.结果表明:与退牧前相比,农户的生计总资本显著增加,由退牧前的0.216增至目前的0.277,其中人力资本、物质资本、金融资本、社会资本分别增加了0.094、0.075、0.115、0.040,自然资本显著下降,降低了0.023.生态补偿对农户生计资本结构的影响具有区域差异性,生计资本总指数增幅最大的是半农半牧区,依次是农区、纯牧区;生态补偿对农户各生计资本关系的影响具有区域差异性,实施生态补偿后纯牧区农户各生计资本之间的相关程度增强,而半农半牧区和农区农户各生计资本之间的相关程度减弱.  相似文献   

2.
苏芳 《冰川冻土》2016,38(2):549-557
新型城镇化建设鼓励农村剩余劳动力向城市转移,同时农村劳动力转移的持续发展又进一步加大了对新型城镇化建设的支持力度.由于劳动者的整体素质较低以及务工领域低端化等因素的存在,农村劳动力转移具有一定的脆弱性.甘肃省城镇化水平滞后、城乡差距较大等问题依然突出,农户作为农村地区最主要的经济活动主体与最基本的决策单位,劳动力转移的状况直接影响到其生计水平和区域生态安全.以甘肃省14个地州市为研究区,通过对可持续生计框架的应用,揭示劳动力转移的关键性因素,定量评估劳动力转移对农户生计资本的影响程度,总结出有利于提高甘肃省农户发展能力、改善农户生计水平的政策建议,从而为促进西部地区可持续发展、缓解贫困、实现精准扶贫提供参考依据.  相似文献   

3.
尚海洋  苏芳 《冰川冻土》2012,34(4):983-989
随着生态补偿研究的不断深入与生态补偿工程的广泛实施,提高了人们对于环境问题的认识,遏制了生态脆弱地区环境的进一步退化.实施生态补偿的环境保护作用显而易见,不乏论述,但对于改善农户生计水平,提高生计资本的效用却鲜有论及.从农户生计入手,评估农户的生计资本,量化实施生态补偿对农户生计资本的影响,分析生态补偿方式对农户生计资本的影响作用,有利于揭示与评估生态补偿实施的有效性.对于地处黑河流域中游地区的张掖市来讲,可以通过提高人力资本、物质资本和金融资本的水平,从而整体上提高农户的生计资本水平.政策支持和资金支持两种补偿方式被多数农户作为首先的补偿方式,而将物质支持作为首先的补偿方式人数较少;技术补偿和物质补偿对物质资本、物质补偿和政策补偿对社会资本显著,且对于各生计资本的组份有正向拉动作用.此外,尝试分析了对各种补偿方式对生计资本拉动作用原因的推断.  相似文献   

4.
杨林  汪磊 《上海国土资源》2021,(1):58-62,83
易地扶贫搬迁改变了搬迁农户生计策略,同时影响了其土地利用行为,二者之间的耦合协调度直接影响着农户的可持续生计。本文以贵州省习水县易地搬迁农户调研数据为基础,构建以农户生计策略和土地利用行为为子系统的耦合协调度模型,分析2个子系统之间的耦合关系和耦合协调关系。研究表明:纯农型农户、农兼型农户、兼农型农户生计策略与土地利用行为之间的耦合度值介于0.4~0.5之间,水平较低,处于拮抗状态;不同类型农户生计策略与土地利用行为系统耦合协调度值均处于0.39~0.49之间,处于濒临失调阶段,存在较大优化空间;传统的农业生产形式对于改善农户生计无明显效果,引导农户向专业农业型农户转变对于促进移民安置区“人地系统”协调发展大有裨益。研究结果可为农户生计与土地利用的可持续发展提供理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
耕地效益比较低下导致兼业农户数量增多,生计资本发生转变.农户作为耕地的直接使用者,生计资本转变不仅带动农村社会经济的发展,更影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿.以最早实行耕地保护政策的四川省成都市永安镇、金桥镇和崇州市江源镇为例,构建农户生计资本与耕地保护参与意愿的结构方程模型,定量刻画生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护意愿的影响.结果表明:生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护的意愿具有显著影响,其中,自然资本对耕地保护意愿的正向影响最显著,高于社会资本;物质资本对耕地保护意愿的负向影响最显著,高于金融资本和人力资本.生计资本中自然资本和社会资本每增加一个单位,农户耕地保护意愿将提高0.071和0.011个单位;物质资本、金融资本和人力资本每增加一个单位,农户耕地保护意愿对应减少1.231个单位、1.030个单位和0.232个单位.所以,生计资本差异会直接影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿.政府应从不同生计资本农户的诉求出发,寻找农户经济利益与参与耕地保护政策的切合点,根据农户不同生计资本情况制定相应的补偿政策和扶持策略,从根本上激发农户参与耕地保护的积极性,确保耕地保护政策实施的持续性和有效性.  相似文献   

6.
通过对不同生态补偿方式的对比分析,可知生态补偿能够在一定程度上提升农户的生活水平,促进农户五种生计资本的合理均衡分布.而资金支持的补偿方式对于农户生活的提升最为有效,技术支持的补偿方式对促进农户生计资本的合理分布更为有效.从对农户人力资本的影响来看,政府可以通过对农户给予资金支持,从而有效促进农户人力资本的提高;从对农户物质资本的影响来看,政府可以通过对农户给予技术支持,从而有效促进农户物质资本的提高;从对农户金融资本的影响来看,政府可以通过对农户给予资金和技术支持,从而有效促进农户金融资本的提高,弥补农户由于实施生态补偿后所损失的利益,提高农户的生计水平.  相似文献   

7.
苏芳  李景坤  许韶华 《冰川冻土》2017,39(6):1381-1390
当今,农户生计风险在农村社会建设的过程中是最为重要和核心的问题之一。作为基本的社会经济单元,农户正面临着来自经济、社会和自然等各方面的风险。石羊河流域农户由于面临着严峻的风险冲击使其生计脆弱性进一步加剧。所以,急需辨明流域农户面临的主要风险类型,并依此找寻提高农户风险应对能力的对策措施。针对流域农户生计风险的非线性关系和复杂性特征,以及BP神经网络的适用性范围,建立了基于BP神经网络的农户生计风险评价指标体系。并基于入户调查数据,运用熵权法计算得出流域农户生计风险评价指标体系中各种生计风险变量。同时,根据石羊河流域农户所面临生计风险的特征,基于BP神经网络结构模型,确定了其评价结果的表征方法。最终对模型的可行性进行了验证。研究表明:基于BP神经网络的生计风险评价模型对定量化测度农户生计风险的适用性较强,这可为决策部门定量评估农户生计风险提供依据。  相似文献   

8.
可持续管理是在资源保护与经济发展之间实现动态平衡的一种管理方式。本文从资源保护、公益性建设、社区居民参与三个角度构建了地质公园可持续管理的框架体系,并以黎坪地质公园为例进行探讨,对我省地质公园地质遗迹保护与地方经济发展兼顾的新型自然资源管理方式进行了探索。  相似文献   

9.
建筑联合体整体平移的基础处理技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
结构整体平移技术为旧城改造提供了一种新的技术手段。以焦作矿务局建筑联合体的平移为工程背景,详细地介绍了建筑联合体平移过程中的基础处理技术,包括平移前对旧基础的改造、行走基础的设计和平移后新基础的设计和新地基的处理,特别地分析了上部结构框架柱与后浇混凝土基盘之间的冲切薄弱面的冲切破坏机理,并提出了抗冲切的设计方法,通过试验研究和有限元分析,说明所采取的技术措施是可行的。  相似文献   

10.
水资源是人类生存和经济社会发展不可或缺的一种基础性资源,保障水资源可持续利用对经济社会可持续发展具有重要的支撑作用。因此,深入研究水资源可持续利用及其对我国治水的贡献具有重要意义。阐述了水资源可持续利用的产生背景以及国内外研究历程;把我国水资源可持续利用研究划分为3个阶段:早期(2000年之前)、2000—2010年和2010年之后,并分别介绍了每个阶段的代表成果和研究现状;基于对2000年以来我国治水思想的总结,阐述了水资源可持续利用研究对我国现代治水的贡献;最后,分析了新形势下我国治水发展需求以及水资源可持续利用研究展望。以期为水资源可持续利用研究以及我国治水方略制定提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
Research on the internal factors and mechanism of livelihood vulnerability, which has become one of the hot spots in sustainable scientific field, can improve the level of livelihood security. This paper reviewed the livelihood vulnerability literature from the perspective of concept, analysis framework, assessment methods. Three conclusions were achieved. Firstly, the scholars' understanding of the concept of livelihood vulnerability has reached consensus. Secondly, the existing evaluation method is lack of multiple perspectives, and the selection of the indicator system is not comprehensive enough. Thirdly, the research on the dynamic mechanism and regulation of livelihood vulnerability and the framework of adaptability will still be further needed. Additionally, some suggestions were given in this paper such as establishing a unified concept system and analysis framework for livelihood vulnerability, improving the evaluation index system and deepening the dynamic mechanism and regulation study of livelihood vulnerability in the study of livelihood vulnerability. In the future, we should gradually unify the livelihood vulnerability analysis framework, enhance the study of driving and regulating mechanisms and evaluation methods of the livelihood vulnerability, promote the research of livelihood vulnerability in the context of national policies and new technologies, and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of related policies.  相似文献   

12.
Leo J. De Haan 《GeoJournal》2000,50(4):359-367
This paper focuses on how livelihood and the question of development and environment in a globalising era should be examined. It discusses various views in geography on the question of environment and development, and it explores the concept of sustainable livelihood. It concludes that a geographical conceptualisation of ‘development and environment’ may profit from the discussion on sustainable livelihood, provided that it does not become entangled in an actor-cum-local bias. Moreover, the diffusion of non-equilibrium concepts may broaden the analysis of man-land relations and open the way to an analysis of globalisation effects. Globalisation gives rise to new assortments of geographical entities and, as livelihoods adapt, they will shape constantly shifting regions with specific man-land arrangements. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

13.
水资源的开发利用与保护,关乎民生,关乎经济社会的可持续发展。论述了秦岭北麓水资源作为基础性自然资源及战略性经济资源的重要性。讨论了秦岭北麓水资源开发、利用、保护之间的关系及其重要性。结果表明:秦岭北麓对于关中地区而言就是一座巨大的绿色水库,其水资源保护的关键在于以保护为前提的适度开发,地表水-地下水统筹利用,建立地下水库及水资源补偿机制,加强水资源战略研究。  相似文献   

14.
Natural resources, especially the forest provide a means of livelihood to rural communities in most developing countries. Unfortunately these resources are under the threat of disappearing because of high population growth rates and poverty that characterise these communities. Any attempt by development agencies at conserving these resources is tantamount to depriving these rural areas of their survival base. Yet due to its strategic socio-economic and cultural importance, the forest ecosystem needs to be sustained for future generations. This paper examines the various challenges faced by the State and other conservation agencies in natural resource management and the possible options which can be employed in an effort to ensure a sustainable exploitation of the forest in Anglophone Cameroon. It discusses the efforts of these actors, within the framework of the emerging concept of community forestry, local community strengthening and integrated rural development. While highlighting some of the achievements of international NGOs like Bird Life International and World Wide Fund for Nature in the region, the study concludes that the future of sustainable management of forest resources relies on a holistic poverty alleviation approach that takes into consideration the empowerment of these communities. This will ensure that they participate and benefit from the exploitation of the resources in the form of local development. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
Fiona Nunan 《Geoforum》2010,41(5):776-785
Migration forms an essential livelihood strategy for many fisherfolk in the developing world, largely responding to fluctuating fish availability and prices. On Lake Victoria, East Africa, most migration is characterized by movement between landing sites, particularly of male boat crew responding to localised changes in fish productivity and using social networks to identify better fishing grounds and areas of higher fish prices. This article uses the sustainable livelihoods framework to identify the risks and vulnerabilities mitigated, or generated, by fisherfolk movement, and analyses how these sources of vulnerability affect livelihood outcomes, looking at the experiences and situation of both male boat crew and women involved in processing and trading fish. Whilst vulnerability due to lower catches and reduced income is mitigated through movement, these sources of vulnerability are exchanged for vulnerability arising from risky sexual behaviour and increased fishing pressure.  相似文献   

16.
The livelihood strategies of former rubber tappers in the Amazon region are rapidly shifting from extraction of non-timber forest products to mixed systems based on agriculture and small scale cattle ranching. Using a combination of participatory methods and Geographical Information Systems, a case study in western Acre, Brazil explores how rubber tapper livelihood strategies may be changing, and the implications of these changes for land use and forest cover. Field (cattle pasture and agriculture) expansion and the decline of forest extractivism present challenges to many regional conservation and development projects such as sustainable settlement projects and extractive reserves seeking to develop forest-based livelihood alternatives to limit deforestation. Sustainability goals require researchers and policy makers to address the still experimental status of these forest-based organizational units, the heterogeneity and dynamism of extractivist livelihoods, and the necessary importance of small-scale cattle ranching for insurance and income generation among many former and current extractivists.  相似文献   

17.
Paul M. Smith 《Geoforum》2012,43(1):35-43
Sustainable development was introduced as an approach to overcoming growing concerns about consumption and the limitations of the natural resource base upon which society depends. It advocates a system in which economic growth can still occur, but within natural resource limits and such as not to disadvantage either current or future generations. However the implementation of sustainable development has proven problematic due to definitional problems, institutional constraints and unresponsive socio-political systems. This paper examines the mechanisms through which an aspatial policy such as the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecological Sustainable Development is reinterpreted through the recent spatial planning processes of Lower Hunter Regional Strategy. This paper applies the cultural sociology of space theoretical framework which considers the dialectical relationship between material practices and the symbolic meanings that people attach to their environment. The framework provides insights into how within this spatial planning process, through a combination of language and representation, spatial practices and power rationalities produce discourses and spaces. Applying the framework also shows how a desired “sustainable future” is achieved through the predominance of land development rationality.  相似文献   

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